Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hepatic fine structural alterations induced by shortterm administration of the hypolipidemic drug oxandrolone were evaluated using morphometric techniques. These changes are described in the livers of normolipidemic young adult and hyperlipidemic retired breeder male rats. Retired breeder rats, characterized by hyperlipidemia and a high incidence of arteriosclerosis, are thought to undergo premature aging. A previous morphometric study has shown that the hepatocytes of retired breeder rats are larger, contain a greater volume fraction of lysosomes, and have significantly less smooth-surfaced endoplasmic reticulum than those of young adult rats. However, after oxandrolone administration, the livers of these two animal groups were no longer distinguishable on the basis of these morphometric parameters. Unlike a number of other hypolipidemic drugs, oxandrolone does not induce a marked proliferation of hepatic microbodies. The effect of oxandrolone on the livers of prematurely aging rats suggests that the age-related fine structural changes are not the result of irreversible alterations in the genome or translation-transcription apparatus but may actually represent secondary reactions to extrahepatic and/or endocrine metabolic changes. The relationship between (1) aging and hyperlipidemia and (2) aging and the reduced hepatic capacity to metabolize drugs suggest a need to evaluate the effects of lipid-lowering drugs on the livers of old as well as young animal models.
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PMID:Hepatic fine structure in young and aging rats treated with oxandrolone: a morphometric study. 112 54

Werner syndrome is a rare premature aging syndrome accompanied by severe atherosclerosis. The etiology of atherosclerosis is suspected to be due to its complications, namely diabetes mellitus, hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia. But from an autopsy case we found that some other risk factors may be involved in the mechanism of atherosclerosis in this syndrome. Previously we revealed that the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) gene was being overexpressed in skin fibroblasts from a patient with this syndrome. PAI-1 is a potent inhibitor of tissue plasminogen activator and a possible risk factor of atherosclerosis. This led us to assess the plasma concentration of PAI-1. Our working hypothesis was that the PAI-1 gene was upregulated or not fully suppressed in cells responsible for the production of PAI-1 in plasma as well as in fibroblasts. The results show a high concentration of plasma PAI-1. One of the well-known physiological substances that induce the PAI-1 gene is tumor necrosis factor-alpha, which also induces other possible risk factors of atherosclerosis, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. We found the serum concentrations of ICAM-1 to be elevated in patients with this syndrome. We conclude that high concentrations of PAI-1 and ICAM-1 in blood may be one of the potent causes of severe atherosclerosis in Werner syndrome.
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PMID:Increased blood plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 as possible risk factors of atherosclerosis in Werner syndrome. 918 38

Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Japan and other Westernized countries. Over 50% of the ESRD patients die from cardiovascular events. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ESRD patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) are implicated in the endothelial dysfunction caused by hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension, and in the vascular calcification of intimal and medial arterial blood vessels caused by hyperphosphatemia. Therefore, dietary control of hyperglycemia and hyperphosphatemia should play an important role in the management of ESRD patients with DM. Furthermore, recent findings suggest that high concentrations of serum phosphate, even if within the normal range, may be a risk factor for CVD and mortality. An in vivo study using klotho knockout mice and fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF-23) knockout mice has revealed that correction of hyperphosphatemia and hypervitaminosis D could ameliorate the premature aging-like phenotype. A low glycemic index and low phosphate diet may provide an advantage in the prevention of aging-related diseases in healthy individuals as well as in those with chronic kidney disease.
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PMID:Advantage of a low glycemic index and low phosphate diet on diabetic nephropathy and aging-related diseases. 1787 88

HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) continue to affect a large proportion of persons living with HIV despite effective viral suppression with combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). Importantly, milder versions of HAND have become more prevalent. The pathogenesis of HAND in the era of cART appears to be multifactorial with contributions from central nervous system (CNS) damage that occur prior to starting cART, chronic immune activation, cART neurotoxicity, and various age-related comorbidities (i.e., cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, diabetes, hyperlipidemia). Individuals with HIV may experience premature aging, which could also contribute to cognitive impairment. Likewise, degenerative disorders aside from HAND increase with age and there is evidence of shared pathology between HAND and other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, which can occur with or without co-existing HAND. Given the aforementioned complex interactions associated with HIV, cognitive impairment, and aging, it is important to consider an age-appropriate differential diagnosis for HAND as the HIV-positive population continues to grow older. These factors make the accuracy and reliability of the diagnosis of mild forms of HAND in an aging population of HIV-infected individuals challenging. The complexity of current diagnosis of mild HAND also highlights the need to develop reliable biomarkers. Ultimately, the identification of a set of specific biomarkers will be required to achieve early and accurate diagnosis, which will be necessary assuming specific treatments for HAND are developed.
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PMID:Aging, comorbidities, and the importance of finding biomarkers for HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. 3086 22