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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Clinical, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic findings of 69 subjects aged 80 years or over were analyzed in order to assess the prevalence of left ventricular mass, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and cigarette smoking. Of the 69 subjects studied, 41 had no symptoms or sign of cardiovascular disease, 28 had one or more cardiac symptoms (NYHA stage 2-4). 25 had electrocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy and there were no differences between the asymptomatic and symptomatic groups. Echocardiographically, the left ventricular mass index ranged between 103 to 247 g/m2 in men and 170 to 251 g/m2 in women. In 36 subjects with high left ventricular mass index, the ventricular septal thicknesses ranged from 12 mm to 15 mm in 19 subjects, and posterior wall thicknesses ranged from 12 mm to 16 mm in 17 subjects. Of the 58 patients with an adequate echocardiogram, 47 had clinically diagnosed hypertension (81%). In our study population, a prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (62%), isolated systolic hypertension (26%), definite hypertension (33.3%), high LDL-cholesterol (63%), low HDL-cholesterol (26%), abnormal Q wave (16%), cigarette smoking (47.8%) and diabetes mellitus (1.4%) were found.
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PMID:Left ventricular mass index and prevalence of heart disease in the population aged 80 years and over. 214 63

More than 30,000 strokes occur each year in Texas, even though most strokes can be prevented by currently available and well-tolerated therapies. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin or ticlopidine reduces stroke by about 25% in many patients with transient ischemic attack or initial stroke. Warfarin should not be used routinely for primary cerebrovascular disease but is useful to prevent cardioembolic stroke. Carotid endarterectomy is highly beneficial for patients with symptomatic, high-grade carotid stenosis, but its value for lesser degrees of symptomatic carotid plaque and for asymptomatic stenosis is less clear. Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation have a substantial risk for stroke; most should be treated with warfarin. Risk-factor management (eg, control of hypertension, cessation of smoking, and treatment of hyperlipidemia) is as important as antithrombotic or surgical therapies for most patients with threatened stroke. Treating isolated systolic hypertension in elderly patients reduces stroke risk. Determining the cause of threatened stroke strongly influences preventive management. The tools are at hand to prevent most strokes; the challenge remains to apply them optimally.
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PMID:What's new in stroke? 777 51

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the alpha 1-blocking agent terazosin on blood pressure (BP) and blood lipids in a large, variant population of patients with hypertension. A total of 16,917 patients with hypertension were evaluated at 2214 primary and community care facilities; 7808 of these patients had not been treated previously for hypertension; 3928 were switched to terazosin from another antihypertensive agent; and 5181 received terazosin in addition to an agent that had not controlled their hypertension. Terazosin produced highly significant reductions in systolic (-18.2 +/- 0.2 mm Hg) and diastolic (-13.2 +/- 0.1 mm Hg) BP when used as monotherapy (mean dose, 3.1 mg; range, 2 to 10 mg) without causing a significant increase in heart rate. Equal antihypertensive efficacy was demonstrated in men, women, blacks, and whites of all ages, with particular benefit to elderly patients (> or = 65 years of age) with systolic hypertension. Comparative studies indicated that terazosin had equal antihypertensive efficacy in combination with diuretics, beta-blockers, calcium channel blockers, and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. Patients who had not responded to monotherapy with one of these classes of antihypertensive drugs showed significant reductions of BP after terazosin, in the following average doses, was added to diuretics, 3.1 mg; beta-blockers, 3.4 mg; calcium channel blockers, 3.3 mg; and ACE inhibitors, 3.4 mg. Terazosin produced highly significant reductions in blood levels of total cholesterol (-5.0%), triglycerides (-6.1%), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (-7.6%) without change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol when used as monotherapy. Similar favorable effects on blood lipid levels were demonstrated when terazosin was used in combination with all other classes of antihypertensive drugs. The greatest reductions in blood cholesterol (-9.2%) were observed among patients with hyperlipidemia (total cholesterol > or = 240 mg/dL). Terazosin maintained its antihypertensive efficacy and was well tolerated by patients with a variety of concomitant diseases, including congestive heart failure, peripheral vascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, diabetes, and obesity. Adverse effects occurred in 17.9% of patients and caused 2.2% to drop out of the study. The most frequent adverse effects were dizziness (4.8%), headache (2.5%), and asthenia (2.4%). Only 0.4% suffered syncope and 0.2% impotence. These data demonstrate the usefulness of terazosin as monotherapy or add-on therapy for treatment of hypertension.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Alpha 1-blockade for the treatment of hypertension: a megastudy of terazosin in 2214 clinical practice settings. 792 16

This paper analyzed the mean of serum lipid and blood pressure, prevalence rates and risks of hyperlipemia and hypertension in 999 healthy rural women who had been taking Chinese No. 1 contraceptive pill for 5-25 years. Data was compared with those in 1 065 control subjects wearing IUDs in a series of cohort studies. The results showed that the level of serum triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and hypertriglyceridemia prevalence rate after long-term administration of contraceptive pill were significantly higher than that in control subjects (P < 0.01), which hypercholesterolemia prevalence rate did not increase significantly. The mean of systolic pressure and diastolic pressure in taking-pill group were 6.57 mmHg and 3.24 mmHg (lmmH = 0.133322kPa) respectively, higher than that of control group, but still maintained in the normal range. The prevalence rates of systolic hypertension and diastolic hypertension were higher than that of control group (P < 0.01). The results of multiple regression analysis suggested that long-term administration of Chinese No. 1 contraceptive pill had no marked influence on female hyperlipemia and hypertension after dispelling the effects caused by confounding factors.
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PMID:[Epidemiological study on the association between oral contraceptive and female hyperlipemia and hypertension]. 870 96

Treatment of hypertension plays a key role in primary prevention of cerebrovascular attacks. Meta-analysis of 17 prospective studies of the treatment of hypertension proved that reduction of the systolic and diastolic blood pressure by 8-10/5-6 mmHg leads to a reduction of fatal and non-fatal cerebrovascular attacks by 40%. In the nineties a Swedish and British investigation of systolic-diastolic hypertension in elderly subjects-STOP and MRC-provided evidence of the great impact of treatment of hypertension in primary prevention of cerebrovascular attacks also in elderly hypertensive subjects (60-80 years). It is important to treat also in advanced age frequent isolated systolic hypertension as this improves markedly the prognosis of these patients and reduces the incidence of cerebrovascular and coronary complications, as was proved by the American study SHEP. The authors demonstrate that so far only the minority of hypertensive patients is treated effectively in this country and data from abroad indicate also that treatment of hypertension is lacking in the premorbid stage in more than half the patients with a cerebrovascular attack. The drugs of choice in treatment of hypertension in the elderly are small doses of thiazide diuretics and cardioselective beta-blockers or beta-blockers with ISA. By increasing the number of treated hypertensive patients, incl. elderly patients with a hypertension, and by increasing the effectiveness of treatment it is possible to achieve a decline of the cerebrovascular mortality; our objective must be a decline of the cerebrovascular mortality by more than 50%, similarly as it happened already in the USA. Conversely the importance of treatment of hypertension in secondary prevention of cerebrovascular attacks is controversial. The authors emphasize also the importance of abstinence from smoking as well as careful treatment of diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Antiaggregation treatment has a greater impact in secondary prevention than treatment of hypertension. As regards the latter it should suffice to reduce the blood pressure to values of cca 150-160/90 -100 mmHg and not to normal values.
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PMID:[Treatment of hypertension in primary and secondary prevention of cerebrovascular stroke]. 892 16

Hypertension in the elderly features differently from its younger counterpart in terms of diagnosis, associated condition, atypical manifestation, management and complication. Epidemiological study in this increasing age group in the community is, therefore, needed. 334 elderly subjects living in various parts of Bangkok were randomly recruited by appointment at 7 geriatric day centers situated in local health offices of Bangkok Metropolitan Authority. Each subject received blood tests before being interviewed and measured by digital sphygmomanometer. Blood pressure and heart rate changes were recorded during lying, sitting and standing. The prevalence of hypertension was 36.5 per cent, 33.2 per cent were already aware of its existence while 3.3 per cent were newly detected by the survey. Isolated systolic hypertension, a unique subtype found in the elderly, was 4.5 per cent of all or 37.5 per cent among the hypertensive group. The associated medical conditions among the case group were diabetes mellitus 22.9 per cent, hyperlipidemia 13.9 per cent, hyperuricemia 33.3 per cent and heart disease 18.0 per cent. As far as postural hypotension is concerned, 14.8 per cent of case group whereas 11.3 per cent of the control group were affected. On the other hand, the symptom of postural dizziness was found to be 31.1 per cent and 55.2 per cent in the case and control group respectively. Following the statistical logistic regression analysis, the independent associated factors in the hypertension group were: history of hyperlipidemia, increased serum uric acid and poor heart rate response after standing. These findings, as parts of the multiple pathology and potential complications prevalent among this group, should be of concern by any physician looking after the elderly.
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PMID:Hypertension in the elderly: a community study. 962 17

Hypertension is one of the main risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (stroke), coronary artery disease (acute myocardial infarction), congestive heart failure (both systolic and diastolic dysfunction), and renal dysfunction. The risk is related to blood pressure level and to the presence of target organ damage. Together with hypertension, other cardiovascular risk factors, such as hyperlipidemia and/or diabetes, also contribute to the chain of events leading to atherosclerosis, vascular complications and death. Three-quarters of middle-aged, urban population show at least one cardiovascular risk factor and 91.3% of all hypertensives show at least one cardiovascular risk factor in addition to hypertension itself. In most populations, the risk of cardiovascular disease rises steeply with age. This powerful effect of age on disease risk has important consequences for the risk of cardiovascular disease related to blood pressure and other risk factors. At most ages the risk for cardiovascular diseases is higher in men than in women, although this difference declines with increasing age and is greater for coronary heart disease than for stroke; in the United States from age 34 to 74 the risk of death from coronary heart disease is 2- to 3-fold greater in men; the risk of death from stroke is 30% higher in men than in women; after age 75 the risk of death from stroke and from coronary heart disease is similar in men and women. Postmenopausal women share the same risk with men for cardiovascular disease. For many years the study and treatment of hypertension has been largely directed toward diastolic blood pressure; the importance of elevated systolic blood pressure in the management of cardiovascular disease is being largely underrecognized. Convincing evidence is presently available indicating that elevated systolic blood pressure is even a stronger predictor than diastolic blood pressure for progression of cardiovascular disease and adverse outcomes. The clinical and laboratory evaluation and drug treatment of the hypertension is related to age. The elderly benefit from treatment of elevated systolic blood pressure as much or even more than middle-aged hypertensive subjects. Two large clinical trials on treatment of isolated systolic hypertension, the Systolic Hypertension in the Elderly Program (SHEP) and the Systolic Hypertension in Europe Study (Syst-Eur), have demonstrated that antihypertensive drug therapy in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension effectively reduces the risk of stroke and other major cardiovascular events.
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PMID:[Hypertension as a function of age]. 1090 25

733 senior civil servants comprising 520 males and 213 females with a mean age of 44 years (range 25-56 years) were screened for their health status. The sample population comprised of 67.9% Malays, 22.5% Chinese, 9.1% Indians and 0.4% other ethnic origins. The subjects' medical histories were recorded and a full medical examination including anthropometric measurements (weight, height, waist and hip circumference), blood biochemistry and urine analysis, chest X-ray and electrocardiograms were done. The results obtained showed that 36.0% of the study population were overweight with 6.5% being obese. Of this 32.0% had central obesity. 15.2% of the subjects had systolic hypertension (systolic BP > or = 140 mmHg) whilst 27.6% had diastolic hypertension (diastolic BP > or = 90 mmHg). Hyperlipidaemia was common, with 75.2% subjects having raised cholesterol, 19.9% raised triglycerides, 50.2% raised LDL-C, 74.6% raised TC:HDL-C and 26.6% raised LDL:HDL-C. An elevated blood glucose was found in 8.4% subjects, whilst urine sugar was detected in only 2.6%, and a raised uric acid was found in 2.8% subjects. The prevalence of hypertension, raised blood glucose and hyperlipidaemia increased with age with more males affected than females. Although hypercholesterolaemia appeared more frequently amongst the Malays, the Indians, by comparison had the highest prevalence for a raised LDL:HDL-C ratio, a reflection of the increase in LDL-C and a concomitant decrease in HDL-C. The latter findings indicate that the Indians are at greater risk for the development of coronary heart disease than the Chinese and Malays. In addition, the mean levels of serum cholesterol found in this study seemed to have exceeded the levels found in populations in the industrialised countries such as the USA. There is thus an urgent need for more public health campaigns aimed at the reduction and control of such coronary risk factors.
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PMID:Health status of senior civil servants in Kuala Lumpur. 1096 12

The angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, perindopril erbumine, has been approved for use in the United States only recently but has been studied extensively worldwide over the last decade. Placebo-controlled trials in a wide range of patients with hypertension, including the elderly, those with isolated systolic hypertension, and those with concomitant diseases such as hyperlipidemia, diabetes, cardiac arrhythmia, peripheral arterial occlusive disease, nephropathy with proteinuria, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, have shown that perindopril is highly effective in lowering both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP). Studies in which BP has been monitored for 24-hour intervals show that perindopril (1) has a gradual onset of action, (2) provides smooth BP control over its once-daily dosing interval, (3) has a trough-peak ratio of about 1, and (4) maintains its antihypertensive efficacy despite missed doses. Perindopril increases arterial compliance and reverses left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive patients. Both of these effects are at least partly independent of its ability to lower BP. Perindopril is safe and well tolerated in patients with hypertension. Rates of adverse events and discontinuation because of such events are low.
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PMID:Efficacy of perindopril in the treatment of systemic hypertension. 1159 55

A multicenter retrospective study was conducted in 936 living donor kidney transplant recipients treated with cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (FK) from April 1982. The influences of acute rejection, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension were estimated by Kaplan-Meier's analysis and Wilcoxon's analysis. Of 916 recipients, 532 (58.1%) had acute rejections. The 5- and 10-year graft survival rates in the recipients with acute rejection were 75.2% and 55.2%, respectively. The corresponding rates of the recipients without acute rejection were 80.2% and 70.6%, respectively. The graft survival rate was worse in recipients with late-phase rejection and multiple rejection episodes (p < 0.00006). Of 451 recipients, 176 (39.0%) had hypercholesterolemia 3 years after kidney transplantation. The 5- and 10-year graft survival rates in the recipients with hypercholesterolemia were 88.7% and 68.7%, respectively. Those of the recipients without hypercholesterolemia were 95.2% and 83.9%, respectively. The graft survival rate in the recipients with hypercholesterolemia was lower than that in the recipients without hypercholesterolemia (p = 0.003). Of 323 recipients, 123 (38.1%) had hypertriglyceridemia 3 years after kidney transplantation. The 5- and 10-year graft survival rates in the recipients with hypertriglyceridemia were 93.7% and 80.5%, respectively. Those in the recipients without hypertriglyceridemia were 95.1% and 86.5%, respectively. The graft survival rate in the recipients with hypertriglyceridemia was lower than that in the recipients without hypertriglyceridemia (p = 0.371). Of 367 recipients, 151 (41.1%) had systolic hypertension 3 years after kidney transplantation. The 5- and 10-year graft survival rates in the recipients with hypertension were 85.6% and 64.7%, respectively. Those of the recipients without hypertension were 95.6% and 83.8%, respectively. The graft survival rate in the recipients with hypertension was lower than that in the recipients without hypertension (p < 0.001). Acute rejection, hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia), and hypertension are predictive factors for long-term graft survival. Especially the onset time, number of rejections, and efficacy of treatment for acute rejection would have a significant influence on long-term graft survival.
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PMID:Factors predicting long-term graft survival after kidney transplantation: multicenter study in Japan. 1565 57


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