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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nutrient requirements do not change markedly with advancing age, but life style, socioeconomic status, psychologic changes, and the presence of chronic disease alter nutrient intake in the elderly. It is important to recognize and deal with these factors in attempting to correct malnutrition and in prescribing dietary treatment. Malnutrition includes a variety of disorders: undernutrition, nutrient deficiencies and imbalances, and obesity. Frequent small feedings, with nutritional supplements for patients with profound weight loss, are the initial treatment for undernutrition. Iron supplements and a diet of foods rich in iron and in promoting iron absorption are required in treating iron deficiency anemia. Management of macrocytic anemia should include specific nutrient therapy plus improvement of diet to include leafy vegetables and animal foodstuffs. Diet is an important adjunct in treating chronic diseases. Maturity-onset diabetes mellitus often can be managed by diet alone, with attention to correct proportions of fat, carbohydrate, and protein and to the decreased caloric requirements of elderly patients. The importance of continuing dietary modifications in hyperlipidemia and hypertension is well known. Although dietary manipulation in osteoporosis is not curative, a diet high in calcium and containing adequate floride and vitamin D affords maximum dietary protection against progress of the disease.
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PMID:Guidelines for maintaining adequate nutrition in old age. 64 78

Malnutrition is common among alcoholics because alcohol displaces protein-, vitamin-, and mineral-containing foods in the diet, and chronic alcohol consumption results in maldigestion and malabsorption of essential nutrients. In addition, alcohol exerts direct toxic effects on both the liver and gut, resulting in structural alterations in the intestine and the development of fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Liver injury is preceded by an adaptive phase characterized by accelerated metabolism of drugs (including ethanol), and hyperlipemia, secondary to hypertrophy and hyperactivity of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Side effects include enhanced hepatotoxicity of CCI4 and possibly energy wastage. Alcoholics should not be led to beleive that correction or prevention of nutritional deficiency will prevent liver damage in the face of continued alcohol abuse.
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PMID:Alcohol and malnutrition in the pathogenesis of liver disease.. 117 54

Large numbers of diabetics with renal failure have been treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Overall 1-year patient survival varies from 51% to 87%. Mortality is due to cardiovascular disease in more than 50% of the cases. Young diabetics with good blood pressure control and without cardiac disease have a chance at long survival on CAPD. In comparison to hemodialysis, CAPD yields better patient survival for young diabetics and worse for old diabetics, worse technique survival, probably greater overall morbidity, and similar rates of progression of retinopathy, neuropathy and peripheral vascular disease. Adequacy of peritoneal clearance and peritoneal ultrafiltration characteristics are similar between diabetics and non-diabetics on CAPD. CAPD is associated with better preservation of renal function than hemodialysis in diabetics. The rates of CAPD peritonitis do not differ substantially between diabetics and non-diabetics. However, diabetes appears to be associated with higher incidence of tunnel infection. Hyperlipidemia is generally less severe in diabetics than non-diabetics on CAPD, but malnutrition is more frequent in diabetics. CAPD has many attractive features and several drawbacks for the management of diabetics with end stage renal failure (ESRF). Its ultimate success will depend on the outcome of efforts to improve cardiovascular mortality, malnutrition, hyperlipidemia and catheter-related infections.
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PMID:CAPD in end stage patients with renal disease due to diabetes mellitus--an update. 136 83

This paper sums up the clinical epidemiological investigation data on risk factors (RF) of coronary heart disease (CHD) among 743 office workers, with an average age of 61.0 +/- 8.0. The investigation involved factors relating to history, physical examination, biochemistry, blood rheology and TCM Syndrome Differentiation. According to the results of the computerized single-factor correlation analysis, the incidence of CHD in RF exposed group was obviously higher than that of unexposed one, 65 RF such as hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipemia, smoking, body weight, HDL-C/TC, blood viscosity etc. were recorded. Using multivariate regressive analysis it revealed that hypertension, diabetes, total cholesterol, heavy cigarette smoking, overweight, diastolic pressure, cortisol, TCM senile index, Blood Stasis Syndrome, Qi Stagnation Syndrome, Qi Deficiency Syndrome and Heart Deficiency Syndrome were the main RF. The result concerning RF of Western medicine (WM) was in conformity with that at home and abroad. In addition, some TCM-RF were selected which couldn't be replaced by WM-RF. These indicate that there are TCM-RF and WM-RF in the development of CHD and it is better to adopt the method for preventing and treating CHD with combined TCM-WM. As to TCM-RF of CHD, the authors consider that there are both the factors of Deficiency and Excess, so preventing and treating CHD should aim at reinforcing the Deficiency and reducing the Excess.
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PMID:[Clinical epidemiological study on risk factors of coronary heart disease in 743 subjects]. 139 88

60 cases with Yang Hyperactivity due to Yin Deficiency type of hypertension were randomly divided into two groups. One was treated with TCM and the other with WM as control. The results showed that: (1) there were no significant differences in the total effective rate and the amplitude of lowering of blood pressure between two groups; (2) the improvement of symptoms and disturbance of autonomic nerve was significant in TCM group in comparison with control; (3) there were some changes in HR, SV, plasma PRA, TXB2 and 6-keto-PGF1 alpha level in both groups, but the decrease of TXB2/6-keto-PGF1 alpha ratio was significant in TCM group only (P < 0.05); (4) TC and TG in patients with hyperlipemia showed a remarkable drop in TCM group (P < 0.02; P < 0.005). All these revealed that Qianxining was a satisfactory hypotensive remedy and a further exploration of its mechanism is suggested.
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PMID:[Clinical study of qianxining in the treatment of 60 cases of yang hyperactivity due to yin deficiency type of hypertension]. 139 91

The primary and secondary prevention of cardiovascular diseases and, therefore, the therapy of hyperlipidemia is essential in strategies to lower morbidity and mortality from coronary heart disease (CHD), the most relevant atherosclerosis-associated disease. These programs imply not only a medical but also an economic challenge to our health system. That is why all therapeutic measures have to be evaluated regarding their cost-effectiveness. A cost-effectiveness profile was calculated for all the therapies of hyperlipidemia (nutritional therapy, dietetic nutritionals, drugs and LDL-apheresis) with respect to the following parameters: total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. The daily costs of all interventional measures are compared to the success rate, whereby an index of daily therapy costs and 1% change per lipid parameter was calculated. Nutritional therapy is by far the cheapest, and LDL-apheresis the most expensive but also the most effective and reliable therapeutic measure. It has to be considered, however, that dietary intervention can be very successful in overnutrition while in rare cases of severe homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia there is no therapeutic alternative to LDL-apheresis. Life-style modifications, such as changing nutritional habits, may contribute towards reducing or removing one or more risk factor(s) (e.g. malnutrition is associated with overweight, hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP), hyperinsulinemia (syndrome X), hyperfibrinogenemia and hypertension). But neither health politicians nor the population seem to be conscious of the fact that life-style changes help to reduce medical expenditure. Considering the fact that nearly every medical service is getting more and more expensive, the need to introduce financial regulations is evident.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Economic aspects of therapy for lipid metabolism disorders]. 150 39

Malnutrition is a common problem of patients undergoing liver transplantation. To treat malnutrition, it must first be identified through a nutritional assessment. Because many objective nutritional assessment parameters have limitations in end-stage liver disease, subjective nutritional indicators may be used as an alternative. Nutritional needs following transplantation are categorized as short and long term. The short-term nutritional goal, anabolism, can be complicated by the nutritional status of the patient, surgical procedures, and necessary medications. The increased nutrient needs during the early posttransplant phase require particular nutritional support. Nutrition-related problems following transplantation may include obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperkalemia, edema, or osteoporosis. Dietetic advice relative to the nutritional needs of the liver transplant recipient can improve both the short- and long-term outcomes.
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PMID:Nutritional implications of liver transplantation. 208 51

The use of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in the treatment of 73 patients with acute severe pancreatitis was prospectively studied during a two year period. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of calorie substrate used. Glucose and twice weekly lipid infusion (glucose based) were used in 60 per cent; 27 per cent required daily lipid infusion (lipid based), and 13 per cent received no lipid because of pre-existing hyperlipemia or thrombocytopenia (no lipid). Nutritional indices (albumin, transferrin and total lymphocyte count) were initially abnormal in more than 80 per cent of patients, and 50 per cent had three or more of Ranson's criteria. After TPN, 81 per cent had improved nutritional indices, and none had hypertriglyceridemia or aggravation of pancreatitis develop. Patients who received lipid based or no lipid had higher insulin requirements (p less than 0.01) than those receiving mainly glucose. Mortality was increased tenfold (2.5 versus 21.4 per cent, p less than 0.01) in patients who did not achieve positive nitrogen balance. We conclude that TPN, either lipid or glucose based, is a safe and effective therapy to reverse the malnutrition of acute pancreatitis and that failure to achieve positive nitrogen balance is associated with increased mortality.
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PMID:Total parenteral nutrition and alternate energy substrates in treatment of severe acute pancreatitis. 249 6

To summarize, patients with the "beer potomania" syndrome are characterized by 1) a history of chronic alcohol ingestion (in a hypotonic form); 2) protein malnutrition; 3) signs, symptoms and laboratory values consistent with water intoxication, including hyponatraemia, hypochloraemia and, usually, hypokalaemia; 4) no evidence of another cause of hyponatraemia such as steroid use, diuretic use, hyperlipidaemia, etc. The pathophysiology involves the inability to excrete sufficient free water, based on a loss of normal renal urea gradients. Patients may actually be total-body sodium depleted, yet have elevated urinary sodium and fractional sodium excretion due to this disorder of water metabolism. Attention to proper nutrition during the acute illness may obviate the need for potentially hazardous administration of hypertonic saline.
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PMID:Beer potomania syndrome in an alcoholic. 276 35

Doxycycline and minocycline are second-generation tetracyclines. They are readily absorbed, distributed throughout the organism as a function of their lipophilicity and eliminated in both the urine and the faeces. The influence of age, renal disease, malnutrition and hyperlipidaemia is reviewed, together with the main pharmacokinetic interactions.
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PMID:Clinical pharmacokinetics of doxycycline and minocycline. 307 40


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