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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The significance of high density lipoproteins in the etiology of clinical complications to atherosclerosis has recently received increased attention. The levels of the major apolipoprotein in high density lipoproteins, apoA-I, have been determined in patients who had had an acute myocardial infarction, and compared with a cholesterol-matched and a randomly selected control group. ApoA-I levels were lower in the patients than in the control groups. ApoA-I levels were also lower in smokers than in non-smokers. The difference between patients and control groups persisted even when the groups were stratified according to smoking habits. This suggests that low levels of apo-A-I as well as alphalipoprotein cholesterol are additional characteristics of the infarction patients, even when the established risk factors, smoking and hyperlipidemia are taken into account.
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PMID:Serum apolipoprotein levels in relation to acute myocardial infarction and its risk factors. Apolipoprotein A-I levels in male survivors of myocardial infarction. 738 77

Importance of risk factors as hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking because of hemodynamic and complication during acute myocardial infarction and influence of live quality during the first year after myocardial infarct was pointed out in this study. No risk factor was found in 12.1% out of 248 patients. 25.8% had one, 33.5% two, 12.9% three and 3.2% four risk factors. If only one risk factor for coronary heart disease was documented, 35.9% showed cigarette smoking. If there were two risk factors, most of the people had diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and the combination diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and cigarette smoking was favourite if there were three risk factors present. The mean age of all patients was 65.9 +/- 10.8 years. Patients who smoked or had hyperlipidaemia were statistically significantly younger (p < 0.001). There was no correlation between number of risk factors or kind of it and pulse frequence, cardiac index, pulmonary artery pressure and third heart sound during phase of acute myocardial infarction. Also no correlation was found between the risk factors hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking and rhythm disturbance of reinfarction. Patients with normal lipids had significant more bradycard or tachycard rhythm disturbances as patients with hyperlipidaemia (p < 0.05). Patients without diabetes mellitus or hypertension had better bicycle tests than patients with this risk factors (p < 0.01). 92% of hypertensive patients had regular drug medication; 14.1% of smoking patients continued smoking cigarettes after acute myocardial infarction. Only 62.1% of diabetic patients, 54.1% of hyperlipidaemic patients and 40% of overweight patients kept diet. Because of this bad quality of patient compliance there was no exact information possible in predicting value of secondary preventive measurements after acute myocardial infarction.
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PMID:[Importance of risk factors in myocardial infarction (author's transl)]. 746 61

Each year in the United Kingdom about 250,000 people die from acute myocardial infarction, other ischaemic heart disease or stroke. Many will already have evidence of established vascular disease that predisposes to such an event--such as angina, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attacks or a previous myocardial infarction or stroke. Others will have risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidaemia, but the stroke or heart attack is the first evidence of established vascular disease. Aspirin was first discovered to have antiplatelet properties 30 years ago and since then many randomised clinical trials have sought to determine whether it (or other antiplatelet agents) can protect patients from heart attack or stroke. In this article we review the evidence and update our earlier conclusions on stroke, myocardial infarction, and unstable angina, arguing that aspirin should be widely used to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in certain high-risk patients.
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PMID:Aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke. 763 3

Between 1977 and 1990, 64 premenopausal women, under 50 years of age (42 +/- 5.6 years), were admitted for typical acute myocardial infarction with pathological Q waves. Twenty one patients had attempted myocardial revascularisation either by intravenous thrombolysis or primary angioplasty (n = 3). All patients underwent coronary angiography with selective left ventriculography during their hospital admission. This group of 64 women was characterised by the association of coronary risk factors (2.8 per patient): smoking (89%), hyperlipidaemia (67%), diabetes (45%) and oral contraception (35%). Coronary angiography showed single vessel occlusion in 86% of patients receiving oral contraception, multiple vessel disease in 36.5% and single or double vessel disease in 31.7% of the other patients. There were 3 deaths during the hospital period (4.6%), 12 cases of left ventricular failure, 2 ventricular aneurysms, 2 operated ischaemic mitral regurgitations and 9 recurrences of pain treated by angioplasty. During follow-up (36.5 +/- 4 months), 22 patients were readmitted to hospital and there were 3 further deaths, 12 cases of persistent cardiac failure, 10 cases of latent ventricular dysfunction and 9 ischaemic reoccurrences treated by angioplasty or surgery. The results in this group of patients suffering from myocardial infarction at an unusually early age for women showed that although the mortality was similar to that observed in men of the same age (9%) there was a very high morbidity and a high risk of cardiac failure. The prognosis of myocardial infarction in women, though better than 10 years ago, should improve with immediate revascularisation, the correction of cardiovascular risk factors and the rapid application of all techniques of modern cardiology.
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PMID:[Myocardial infarction in non-menopausal women. Coronary lesions and prognosis]. 764 94

Recently, the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the elderly patients has increased. The clinical features have not been extensively studied, so this study attempted to clarify the clinical course and prognosis of elderly patients with AMI. The patients were divided into two groups, those over 80 years old and those between 60 and 79 years old. The clinical symptoms, electrocardiographic findings, complications, and short-term prognosis were compared. The serum lipid levels were compared between the AMI groups and age-matched control groups consisting of subjects without sclerotic heart disease. There was no significant difference in clinical symptoms between the two groups, electrocardiographic findings, incidence of complications, and mortality. The total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, and atherogenic index were significantly higher in the 60-79 years old AMI group, but no significant difference was observed in the 80 years and over AMI group compared to the control group. The HDL cholesterol level of the 60-79 years old AMI group was significantly lower, but no significant difference was observed in the 80 years and over group. There was no significant difference in triglyceride level in either AMI group. Therefore, in patients aged 60-79 years hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, but the relationship between serum lipid and AMI is not positively established in patients older than 80 years. These results suggest that the significance of hyperlipidemia in patients over 80 years old should be reconsidered.
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PMID:[Serum lipid states in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: comparison between patients aged 60 to 79 and 80 years and over]. 772 71

The clinical and echocardiographic variables related to postinfarction angina were evaluated in 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction. All patients underwent 2D echocardiography at 2-3 weeks after infarction. Wall motion analysis was quantified with a wall motion score index (WMSI) based on 16 left ventricular wall segments. Among the 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction 23 (42.6%) had early postinfarction angina. Multiple regression analysis demonstrated no significant difference between the patients with and without postinfarction angina in age, sex, location of infarction, Killip classification, previous angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, creatine kinase level and left ventricular ejection fraction. In comparison with patients without postinfarction angina, patients with postinfarction angina had higher WMSI. It indicates that postinfarction angina appears to be related more to myocardial ischemia rather than to the infarct of myocardium.
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PMID:[Analysis of risk factors in postinfarction angina]. 788 38

A 7-year-old boy with a 5-year history of steroid-unresponsive nephrotic syndrome due to minimal change disease presented with acute myocardial infarction. Angiography was suggestive of a dissected atherosclerotic plaque at the initial and mid portions of the right coronary artery, as well as a lesion in the mid portion of the circumflex artery. The child had a long history of extreme hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, along with apolipoprotein-E 4/3 phenotype. The mother, who also has apolipoprotein-E 4/3 phenotype, has mild hypercholesterolemia. The case suggests that children with long-lasting nephrotic syndrome and even mild familial propensity for hyperlipidemia may be at increased risk for ischemic cardiovascular events. The literature is reviewed regarding the relationship between nephrotic syndrome and the incidence of ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:Acute myocardial infarction in a young boy with nephrotic syndrome: a case report and review of the literature. 791 53

The relationship between consumption of decaffeinated coffee and acute myocardial infarction was analyzed in a case-control study conducted in Italy between 1983 and 1992. Case patients were 433 women with acute myocardial infarction, aged 24 to 69 years (median age, 52 years), and control subjects included 869 women in hospital for a wide spectrum of acute conditions, other than cardiovascular, neoplastic, digestive, and hormone-related diseases or conditions associated with long-term modification of diet. Regular use of decaffeinated coffee was reported by 11% of the case patients and 7% of the control subjects. Compared with women who did not drink decaffeinated coffee, the relative risk (RR) was 1.3 (95% confidence interval (CI), 0.8 to 2.2) for one cup/d and 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1 to 3.9) for 2 or more cups (chi 2(1) for trend = 5.62, P = 0.02). The estimates were somewhat higher after allowance for education, marital status, body mass index, and smoking status (RR for > or = 2 cups of decaffeinated coffee per day, 2.5; 95% CI, 1.2 to 4.9), and somewhat lower after further allowance for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia (RR, 1.7; 95% CI, 0.8 to 3.6). There was no association between duration of use of decaffeinated coffee and infarction risk. The relationship between decaffeinated coffee and infarction was consistent across strata of age, education, smoking, and history of hyperlipidemia. Thus, a relationship of marginal significance was observed in this study between decaffeinated coffee and myocardial infarction, of similar magnitude to that described for caffeinated coffee. This indicates that (i) caffeine is unlikely to be a relevant factor in any potential coffee-myocardial infarction relationship, and (ii) shifting from caffeinated to decaffeinated coffee is unjustified in order to reduce any possible coffee-related infarction risk.
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PMID:Decaffeinated coffee and acute myocardial infarction. A case-control study in Italian women. 792 7

The relationship between body height and risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) was investigated in a case-control study conducted in Northern Italy on 429 women with AMI under age 75 and 863 controls in hospital for acute conditions, unrelated to known or potential risk factors for coronary heart disease. Compared to women in the highest tertile of height, the relative risks (RR) adjusted for age were 1.1 (95% confidence interval, CI, 0.9-1.5) for the intermediate tertile, and 1.3 (95% Cl 1.0-1.8) for the lowest tertile. The trend in risk was significant (chi 1(2) = 3.89, P = 0.05). Adjustment for several potential confounding variables, including age, body mass index, education, smoking habits, family history of AMI, history of diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia did not materially modify these estimates: the RR for the highest vs the lowest tertile was 1.4 (95% CI 1.0-1.0). The association was stronger in elderly women, i.e. in earlier generations, and in heavier ones. This positive association is discussed in terms of socio-economic conditions, since low stature may be related to poor living conditions and unfavourable environmental factors in childhood and adolescence among earlier generations of Italian women.
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PMID:Height and the risk of acute myocardial infarction in Italian women. 814 11

A 61-year-old woman with hyperlipidemia was treated with gemfibrozil. She also had insulin-treated diabetes mellitus and chronic renal failure and was admitted because of severe chest pain. The ST segment was depressed and creatine kinase levels were elevated. The original diagnosis was acute myocardial infarction. In the presence of increasing chest pain, the onset of limb muscle tenderness, and increasing levels of creatine kinase, the diagnosis of myopathy secondary to gemfibrozil therapy was made and the drug was discontinued. All symptoms then subsided and creatine kinase levels returned to normal. Myopathy is a well-known complication of blood lipid-lowering drugs, especially in patients with renal failure.
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PMID:[Gemfibrozil-induced myopathy]. 825 19


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