Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a Danish family highly susceptible to ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia did not simply cosegregate with a previously undescribed 10 bp deletion in the LDL receptor gene causing heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH). This mutation, designated as FH DK-4, deletes 10 nucleotides from exon 4 coding for the third cysteine-rich repeat of the ligand-binding domain. The resulting translational frameshift and stop codon corresponding to amino acid position 181 in the LDL receptor cDNA is predicted to result in a truncated LDL receptor protein. Several family members had hyperlipidemia and early onset of ischemic heart disease not due to the 10 bp deletion, and several family members had unexpectedly high serum lipoprotein(a) contributing to high concentrations of serum LDL cholesterol. The study illustrates important limitations and possibilities of molecular genetic diagnosis.
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PMID:Complexity of molecular genetics of dyslipidemia in a family highly susceptible to ischemic heart disease. 758 40

Each year in the United Kingdom about 250,000 people die from acute myocardial infarction, other ischaemic heart disease or stroke. Many will already have evidence of established vascular disease that predisposes to such an event--such as angina, peripheral vascular disease, atrial fibrillation, transient ischaemic attacks or a previous myocardial infarction or stroke. Others will have risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus or hyperlipidaemia, but the stroke or heart attack is the first evidence of established vascular disease. Aspirin was first discovered to have antiplatelet properties 30 years ago and since then many randomised clinical trials have sought to determine whether it (or other antiplatelet agents) can protect patients from heart attack or stroke. In this article we review the evidence and update our earlier conclusions on stroke, myocardial infarction, and unstable angina, arguing that aspirin should be widely used to reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in certain high-risk patients.
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PMID:Aspirin to prevent heart attack or stroke. 763 3

The significance of silent myocardial ischemia detected by dipyridamole perfusion scintigraphy was evaluated in 80 patients with stable angina and reversible defects (RD) but no infarction. The patients were divided into two groups: 26 patients with silent RD (62 +/- 7 years) and 54 patients with painful RD (65 +/- 7 years). Coronary risk factors, extent of coronary lesions, localization and degree of RD, and prognosis were compared. There was no significant difference in the incidence of coronary risk factors between these two groups, except for hyperlipidemia which was less frequently observed in patients with silent RD than in those with painful RD (8% vs 41%, p < 0.01). Coronary angiography revealed a higher prevalence of insignificant lesions or single vessel disease in patients with silent RD than in those with painful RD (73% vs 39%, p < 0.05). Dipyridamole perfusion scintigraphy revealed a lower degree of RD in patients with silent RD than in those with painful RD (4.4 +/- 3.3 vs 9.0 +/- 4.1 segments, p < 0.05), though there was no significant difference in the localization of RD between these two groups. Treadmill stress testing revealed a lower incidence of chest pain in patients with silent RD than in those with painful RD (26% vs 65%, p < 0.05), despite the mean exercise-duration being significantly longer in the former than in the latter (5.5 +/- 1.7 vs 3.9 +/- 1.7 min, p < 0.05). There was no significant correlation between the late peak serum ML-1 level and LV volume, and the size and motion of infarcted areas in group B.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Significance of silent ischemia in dipyridamole perfusion scintigraphy: evaluation in patients with angina]. 766 46

Based on the analysis of fat distribution by CT scanning, we have proposed a classification of obesity--visceral fat obesity--in which fat accumulation is predominant in the intraabdominal cavity. This type of obesity is more frequently accompanied by disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism and also with hypertension than subcutaneous fat obesity. We also showed that visceral fat obesity was present in almost 90% of obese patients with ischemic heart disease. From clinical and basic experiments, aging imbalance of sex hormone, overintake of sucrose, and lack of physical exercise have been suggested to be major factors for visceral fat accumulation. Since intraabdominal fat (mesenteric and omentum fat) have been shown to have high activities of both lipogenesis and lipolysis, its accumulation induces high contents of free fatty acids, a product of lipolysis, in portal circulation which goes into the liver directly. Excess free fatty acid may cause the enhancement of lipid synthesis and gluconeogenesis as well as insulin resistance, resulting in hyperlipidemia, glucose intolerance, and hypertension and finally atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Pathophysiology and pathogenesis of visceral fat obesity. 769 82

Recently, the prevalence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in the elderly patients has increased. The clinical features have not been extensively studied, so this study attempted to clarify the clinical course and prognosis of elderly patients with AMI. The patients were divided into two groups, those over 80 years old and those between 60 and 79 years old. The clinical symptoms, electrocardiographic findings, complications, and short-term prognosis were compared. The serum lipid levels were compared between the AMI groups and age-matched control groups consisting of subjects without sclerotic heart disease. There was no significant difference in clinical symptoms between the two groups, electrocardiographic findings, incidence of complications, and mortality. The total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels, and atherogenic index were significantly higher in the 60-79 years old AMI group, but no significant difference was observed in the 80 years and over AMI group compared to the control group. The HDL cholesterol level of the 60-79 years old AMI group was significantly lower, but no significant difference was observed in the 80 years and over group. There was no significant difference in triglyceride level in either AMI group. Therefore, in patients aged 60-79 years hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for ischemic heart disease, but the relationship between serum lipid and AMI is not positively established in patients older than 80 years. These results suggest that the significance of hyperlipidemia in patients over 80 years old should be reconsidered.
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PMID:[Serum lipid states in elderly patients with acute myocardial infarction: comparison between patients aged 60 to 79 and 80 years and over]. 772 71

The hypolipidemic, antiatherogenic and thrombolytic effects and decrease of prostaglandin F2 alpha (PG) excretion were observed in 55 patients suffering from Ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and hypertension fed the antiatherosclerotic diet containing 20 g of eiconol during 55 days. The low initial level of natural antibodies to PGF2 alpha was increased significantly in blood serum. Authors consider that decrease of PGF2 alpha level under diet influence is connected not only with the change of fatty acid composition of cell membranes but also with increasing of natural antibody production.
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PMID:[Effect of atherosclerotic diet containing polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids on level of natural antibodies to prostaglandin F2alpha in patients with ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia and hypertension]. 773 75

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was easily demonstrated by plain CT-scan. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of CAC in cardiovascular diseases. The subjects were 90 patients with ischemic heart disease (30 myocardial infarction, 50 exertional angina pectoris and 10 variant form of angina pectoris; 46 males and 44 females, 68 +/- 10 y/o) and 50 patients without ischemic heart diseases (30 hypertension, 10 arrhythmia, 3 valvular disease, 2 cardiomyopathy, 2 congenital heart disease and 3 others; 25 males and 25 females 65 +/- 9 y/o). CAC and calcification of thoracic aorta were evaluated by plain CT-scan (1 second scan time and 5 mm slice). The relationship between CAC and other clinical features (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, resting ECG, exercise stress ECG, aortic calcification and optic fundi) were studied. CAC were seen more frequently in patients with ischemic heart disease (63%), old age (67%), aortic calcification (70%) and positive exercise testing (64%). On the other hand, CAC were rare in variant angina (30%). In younger patients (under 70 y/o), CAC were seen more frequently in diabetic patients. But, in older patients, CAC were frequently in those with hyperlipidemia. These results suggested that CAC was associated with not only systemic arteriosclerosis, but also ischemic heart disease, except vasospastic angina. The prognostic value of CAC would be studied later.
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PMID:Clinical significance of coronary artery calcification. 779 Jul 45

TGRLP interactions with the endothelium may increase the likelihood that a suppressed fibrinolytic capacity and/or an increased procoagulant activity enhances the risk for an ischemic event, that is, for the production of a focal thrombus. The cellular mechanisms and characteristics of TGRLP in hyperlipemia and in the postprandial state that contribute to their potential pathology in IHD are considered.
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PMID:Fibrinolytic and thrombotic factors in atherosclerosis and IHD: the influence of triglyceride rich lipoproteins (TGRLP). 780 27

Patients with ischemic heart disease and with hyperlipidemia of the IIa, IIb and IV types as well as not exhibiting any pronounced alterations in cholesterol metabolism were treated with various amounts of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) introduced into the basic antiatherosclerotic diet: 1 group--content of the essential factor 0.2 g/day, 2 group--increased content of natural products with PUFA up to 1 g/day, 3 group--increased PUFA content due to the drug "euconol" 5 g/day. Administration of the PUFA omega-3 into the basic antiatherosclerotic diet contributed to development of adequate clinico-biochemical alterations; under these conditions content of alpha-cholesterol in blood correlated directly to concentration of polyunsaturated cholesterol esters and PUFA omega-3 (eicosapentaenate and docosahexaenate) as well as reverse correlation was found between content of total cholesterol and these molecular forms of cholesterol esters studied. Enrichment of the diet with PUFA omega-3 did not cause any alterations in content of primary bile acids in blood thus suggesting that PUFA omega-3 did not affect the cholesterol catabolism. These data enabled us to plot the graph for individual evaluation of cholesterol metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease involving alterations in the spectrum of esterified cholesterols in blood before and after the treatment course.
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PMID:[Cholesterol metabolism in patients with ischemic heart disease with varying supplies of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids]. 783 75

The burden of cardiac disease is high in chronic uremia. Cardiomyopathy results from a combination of cardiac disorders, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy with normal systolic function, and ischemic heart disease. The prognosis for these cardiac disorders is poor. Known potentially reversible risk factors include uremia, anemia, hypertension, smoking, coronary artery disease, hyperparathyroidism, hyperlipoproteinemia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Randomized controlled clinical trials of interventions that may prevent or ameliorate cardiac disease in dialysis patients are required. These interventions include normalization of hematocrit with erythropoietin compared with partial correction of anemia, increased amount of dialysis compared with that provided by a dialysis prescription of KT/V of 1., control of blood pressure using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors compared with other antihypertensive agents, control of hyperlipidemia, and treatment of diabetes with agents that prevent collagen cross-linking.
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PMID:The management of cardiac disease in chronic uremia. 784 64


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