Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An esterifying activity of blood plasma (lecithin-cholesterol-acyl transferase, LCAT) was decreased in men with ischemic heart disease (IHD) and coronary atherosclerosis as compared with patients without any symptoms of IHD; the decrease of the activity was most distinct in patients with low level of cholesterol in high density lipoproteins (HDL) and with hyperlipidemia. In these patients phospholipid composition of HDL subfractions was altered: a decrease in the lecithin ratio, increase in the content of sphingomyelin and corresponding decrease in the ratio lecithin/sphingomyelin. Decrease in content of HDL cholesterol and in concentration of apo A-I in blood, plasma, alterations in phospholipid composition of HDL subfractions and in the rate of fatty acids unsaturation of HDL phospholipids in the patients with IHD were considered as factors responsible for the decrease of LCAT activity, which may aggravate the atherosclerotic impairment of arteries.
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PMID:[Esterifying activity of the plasma in patients with ischemic heart disease]. 652 15

Heterogeneity of apolipoprotein E (apo E) was analyzed by isoelectric focusing of apo VLDL in patients with hyperlipidemia and/or atherosclerosis. Six major apo E phenotypes were shown, in agreement with the current genetic model which is composed of 3 major apo E isoproteins, apo E-4, apo E-3 and apo E-2, resulting from three apo E alleles, epsilon 4, epsilon 3 and epsilon 2, at a single genetic locus. We recognized an additional apolipoprotein band, which is located basic to apo E-4 on an isoelectric focusing gel, in 3 patients with hyperlipidemia. The new apolipoprotein component, named apo E-5, was identical with ordinary apo E in apparent molecular weight by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and in its interactions with heparin-Sepharose gel and with anti-apo E antibody. This mutant apo E isoprotein had an isoelectric point more basic by one unit of charge than apo E-4. Two of 3 patients had the phenotype E5/3, and the other the phenotype E5/4. Genetic analysis of the apo E phenotypes in family members of the patients indicated the presence of a new apo E allele (epsilon 5) at the same genetic locus as hitherto known alleles. Since most of the subjects above 50 years old with apo E-5 had ischemic heart disease or cerebral infarction, it was suggested that the mutant apo E-5 may possibly be related to the development of atherosclerosis.
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PMID:A new isoform of apolipoprotein E--apo E-5--associated with hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis. 671 69

The effect of probucol was studied on serum lipoprotein levels in normal and cholesterol-fed, hypercholesterolemic mice. In normal mice, probucol caused a significant reduction in LDL + VLDL cholesterol at daily doses above 25-50 mg/kg and also in HDL cholesterol at higher doses. In cholesterol-fed mice, probucol treatment decreased LDL + VLDL cholesterol at daily doses exceeding 200 mg/kg and also HDL cholesterol at a daily dose of 800 mg/kg. The ratio of LDL + VLDL cholesterol to HDL cholesterol was significantly reduced by treatment at 25-100 mg/kg in normal mice and at 200 mg/kg in hypercholesterolemic mice. The ratio was not reduced at doses above these ranges. These dose-effect relationships were not modified by duration of probucol treatment. These findings suggest that there is an optimum dosage of probucol to lower LDL + VLDL cholesterol and the atherogenic index, and that the actual optimum dosage for the beneficial effect depends on blood lipid levels or types of hyperlipidemia. This may be important in the clinical application of this drug, because a negative correlation has been demonstrated between HDL cholesterol levels and ischemic heart disease. Clofibrate treatment did not affect serum lipid levels significantly in either normal or cholesterol-fed mice. Probucol was again effective in lowering LDL cholesterol values in cholesterol-fed mice which had previously been treated with clofibrate for 2 weeks without any beneficial effect. In an additional experiment, it was found that the probucol-induced reduction in cholesterol returned to the pre-treatment levels gradually over several days, depending on the dose and without rebound elevation after withdrawal of the drug.
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PMID:Effect of probucol on serum lipoprotein levels in normal and dyslipoproteinemic mice. 694 76

The presence of Pattern A behavior was assessed by means of the Structured Interview in three groups of Swedish men, 50 with manifest ischemic heart disease (IHD), 50 with risk indicators for IHD and fifty healthy men. They were also examined for presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, obesity, impaired pulmonary function, smoking and alcohol consumption. The relative risk of having developed clinical IHD, associated with the presence of Pattern A behavior was found to be four times greater with than without such behavior. When conventional risk indicators were controlled for, by means of a multivariate confounder score, this relative risk was reduced to 2.7.
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PMID:Impact of Pattern A behavior on ischemic heart disease when controlling for conventional risk indicators. 705 24

Effects of 5-methyl-7-diethylamino-s-triazolo-1, 5-a) pyrimidine (trapidil, Rocornal), a therapeutic agent for ischemic heart disease, on various types of experimental hyperlipemias were studied. With administration of trapidil, elevation of serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and the ratio of HDL-C to LDL-C (LDL-C/HDL-c) were observed in most disease models. Changes in HDL-C levels and LDL-C/HDL-C in the hyperlipemia induced by lipid-enriched diet in mice and in the hyperlipemia induced by high cholesterol diet in Japanese quails were of statistical significance. Also, amelioration of reduction in HDL-C induced by high fat emulsion plus 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil in rats was observed to be significant. Moreover, trapidil significantly reduced TC, LDL-C levels and LDL-C/HDL-C in the hyperlipemia in hamsters. To investigate possible mechanisms of therapeutic effects of trapidil, blood enzyme activities in Japanese quails with hyperlipemia were assayed. Trapidil showed increases in plasma lipoprotein lipase and serum lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase activities. These results suggest that trapidil may be an effective chemotherapeutic agent for treating ischemic heart disease.
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PMID:[Effects of 5-methyl-7-diethylamino-s-triazolo-(1, 5-a) pyrimidine (trapidil) on various experimental hyperlipemias (author's transl)]. 720 81

The effect of clofibrate on the same subjects in similar test conditions were used as a control to verify the alleged beneficial effects from garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia in normals and in cases with ischemic heart disease. The results showed that clofibrate checked the fat-induced (a) rises of serum triglyceride and plasma fibrinogen, and (b) falls of coagulation time (CT) and blood fibrinolytic activity (BFA). Only garlic had a clofibrate-like effect on CT but both garlic and onion checked the postprandial fall of BFA. Clofibrate, however, increased BFA even above the fasting level. Serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein were not appreciably affected by fat with or without any drug. Thus, surprisingly, the so-called beneficial effects of garlic and onion were not seen in subjects who had shown significant changes after clofibrate.
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PMID:Comparative effect of clofibrate, garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia. 725 24

1407 children whose fathers had died from ischemic heart disease before age 45 were investigated. 15% had hypercholesterolemia and 8% hypertriglyceridemia at visit 1. At visit 2 and 3 this number of children with hyperlipemia fell to a minimum of 3% and 1.4%, resp. which is around 10 times higher than in a reference population. 1.8% of the children had familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) which is 10-15 times higher than in a reference population. These findings indicate that serum lipids should always be measured in children from such coronary heart risk families, and a decision made whether or not their permanent hyperlipemia should be treated.
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PMID:Hyperlipemia among 1407 Danish children whose fathers have died from ischemic heart disease before age 45. 732 35

Fifty men with clinically manifest ischemic heart disease (IHD), fifty men with risk indicators of IHD and fifty healthy men were interviewed about experiences of psychological stress in work, family life and education. They were also examined for the presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, obesity, impaired pulmonary function, smoking and alcohol consumption. The relative risk of developing clinical IHD associated with the experience of psychological stress during the five years prior to onset of symptoms was calculated. It was found to be six times greater with than without such experience. This relative risk was not reduced when controlling for conventional risk indicators by means of a multivariate confounder score. When the IHD group was compared to the group with merely risk indicators, the relative risk related to stress was statistically significant, but not when the latter group was compared to the control group. The results indicate that the experience of stress as it is defined in this study may contribute to the development of clinical manifestations of IHD, irrespective of the presence of conventional risk indicators.
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PMID:Impact of psychological stress on ischemic heart disease when controlling for conventional risk indicators. 737 31

The results of ergometric examination of 316 patients with chronic coronary insufficiency and various types of hyperlipoproteinemia have shown a clear diminution of physical working capacity in patients with hyperlipidemia as compared to patients with hyperlipidemia as compared to patients in whom the lipid content is within normal values. Working capacity was most diminished in IIa and particularly IIb types of hyperlipoproteinemia; in type IV physical working capacity was not reduced. The effect of hyperlipoproteinemia is most significant in the mildest degree of coronary insufficiency, but reduces or vanishes completely with increasing severity of the disease. An inverse relationship has been established between the value of physical working capacity and the level of cholesterol and beta-lipoproteins and a direct relationship in regard to NEFA concentration. Ergometry in patients with type II hyperlipoproteinemia showed that as compared to patients with normolipemia and type IV hyperlipoproteinemia an equal degree in the severity of the disease, the frequency and marked character of changes on the ECG increase; this evidences a more marked transitory myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:[Physical work capacity of ischemic heart disease patients with various types of hyperlipoproteinemias]. 741 2

The haemostatic function of 11 men with hyperlipidaemia was measured before and after they were treated with a carbohydrate-reduced, fat-modified diet. After treatment, which significantly reduced serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations, they showed a significant fall in mean levels of clotting factors VII, VIII, and X and a rise in fibrinolytic activity. These findings suggest that haemostatic function may be important in the pathogenesis of ischaemic heart disease.
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PMID:Effect of treatment of hyperlipidaemia on haemostatic variables. 742 47


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