Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Using the RELP analysis we studied the frequency of X2 allele of apoB gene in three groups of patients: 1) men at the age of 20-59 with lipid metabolism disorders revealed in population inspection of Oktyabrsky district in Moscow; 2) men with ischaemic heart disease and 3) healthy men. It was established that in individuals suffering from type IIa hyperlipidemia the frequency of X2 allele was significantly higher than in healthy donors from Moscow population. Homozygotes for X2 allele of XbaI RELP had 7-9% higher serum cholesterol levels, than homozygotes for X1 allele. The study suggests the X2 allele of the apoB gene to be associated with the development of high plasma cholesterol level. No significant difference in X2 allele frequencies was found between patients with ischaemic heart disease and healthy donors. There was also no association found between cholesterol and triglyceride levels and the presence of X2 allele in this group of patients.
 ...
PMID:[Restriction polymorphism in patients with lipid metabolism disorders and ischemic heart disease]. 197 35

The records of 36 patients (37 eyes) with central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO, 19 patients, 19 eyes), branch retinal artery occlusion (BRAO, 15 patients, 16 eyes), and cilioretinal artery occlusion (CIAO, 2 patients, 2 eyes) were reviewed with respect to underlying systemic disorders. Hypertension was the most common disorder (58%). Half of the patients had cardiovascular disorders including ischemic heart disease, valvular disease, atrial fibrillation, internal carotid artery obstruction, and atrial myxoma. Seventeen percent of the patients had diabetes mellitus, and 8% had hyperlipemia. Cerebral infarction was detected in a quarter of the patients. The incidence of the disease was one CRAO patient per 1,000 outpatients. Age distribution showed a peak in the seventh decade. Men were twice more frequently affected than women. Right eyes were more commonly involved.
 ...
PMID:[Retinal arterial obstruction and systemic disorders]. 204 31

The authors report the case of a 18 year old man with a chronic corticosteroid-refractory nephrotic syndrome complicated by carotid artery thrombosis and myocardial infarction. Thromboembolism is one of the most serious complications of the nephrotic syndrome. Serious clotting factor disturbances are observed: changes in platelet function (hyperaggregability) increased plasma zymogens and cofactors, increased plasma fibrinogen, abnormalities of the fibrinolytic system and acquired deficiencies of coagulation inhibitors. The respective role of each of these abnormalities have not been clearly established, but it is likely that increased platelet aggregation and antithrombin III deficiency are important factors in producing a hypercoagulable state in the nephrotic syndrome. Hyperlipidemia is also a characteristic feature of the nephrotic syndrome: these is a wide spectrum of lipoprotein patterns with increased low density lipoproteins (LDL) or very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) or both; contradictory results have been reported with respect to the high density lipoproteins (HDL): decreased, normal or even increased plasma levels have been observed. In addition, changes in the distribution and composition of LDL and VLDL subclasses have been detected. Most of these changes have an atherogenic potential but controversy still surrounds the question of the prevalence of ischaemic heart disease in the nephrotic syndrome; it is unlikely that nephrotic syndromes of short duration have any influence on the incidence of coronary events, but patients with chronic heavy protein urea and long-term exposure to abnormalities of haemostasis and lipid profiles appear to have a significant risk of developing cardiovascular disease and may require long-term anticoagulant therapy.
 ...
PMID:[Carotid artery thrombosis and myocardial infarction in nephrotic syndrome]. 210 97

The overall cardiovascular mortality in patients with chronic renal failure is about 30 per cent of which 10 per cent is attributed to myocardial infarction. This prevalence led some workers to propose a hypothesis of "accelerated atherosclerosis" due to the hyperlipidaemia observed in 30 to 70 per cent of patients. However, the concept of accelerated atherosclerosis, which was based essentially on clinical studies, has been questioned. Pericardial effusion is a common complication of chronic renal failure and has been reported in over 62 per cent of patients in echocardiographic studies. There are many causes and symptoms are often mild; systematic echocardiographic examination of patients with renal failure undergoing haemodialysis has shown 32 per cent of pericardial effusions to be asymptomatic. There are two potential complications: cardiac tamponade and, lesser frequently, constrictive pericarditis. Cardiac failure is a common cause of death in patients undergoing long-term dialysis. The myocardial histological appearances are those of fibrosis, the etiology of which is not fully understood although the dialysis membranes and hypotensive episodes occurring during haemodialysis have been thought to play a role. Left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis may give rise to ventricular arrhythmias which could explain some of the cases of sudden death observed in patients with renal failure and often wrongly attributed to ischemic heart disease. Another form of myocardial disease which is observed later is characterised by an alteration of systolic function with left ventricular dilatation and hypokinesia and increased end diastolic pressures without an increase in left ventricular wall thickness. Valvular heart disease may also result from renal failure.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:[So-called uremic heart diseases]. 210 35

The occurrence of atherosclerosis risk-factors has been studied in comparison with the rate of abnormal coronarogram in 63 female subjects. As an abnormal coronarographic finding the obstruction of more than 50% lumen of at least one of coronaries was estimated. Female subjects with hyperlipoproteinemia (p less than 0.001) and hypertension (p less than 0.05) showed significantly more frequent abnormal coronarographic findings. Coronarographically positive women revealed significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (p less than 0.05). No relationship was detected between the pathological coronarogram and glycide metabolic disorders. Of particular interest is a fact that the disorders of glycide metabolism are conditioning the occurrence of hyperlipoproteinemia in women of our group as far as 15-16% (p less than 0.001), whereas in men only as 1-2 % (p less than 0.05). These results are supporting the opinion of those authors who point on the interaction between the disorders of glycide metabolism and hyperlipidemia estimating disorders of glycide metabolism in women to be more significant risk-factor of coronary atherosclerosis than in men. Our findings are confirming specificity of profile of atherosclerotic risk-factors in women. In accord with them, the importance of hyperlipidemia and hypertension is estimated to be the most significant risk of atherogenesis. The implementation of principles of primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease is carried through the common approaches in both men and women.
 ...
PMID:[Atherosclerosis risk factors in patients examined by coronarography. III. Results and evaluation of the group of women]. 213 Apr 92

Lipoprotein [a] (Lp[a]) is known to show high values in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD). In the present study attempts were made to determine Lp[a] levels and to investigate the association of Lp[a] and other atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis. Lp[a] concentrations were measured in 30 hemodialysis patients in the age range 34 to 77 years. Mean (+/- SD) levels of serum Lp[a] were not elevated in the hemodialysis patients compared to controls (19.3 +/- 18.0 mg/dl vs. 18.3 +/- 10.4 mg/dl, respectively). We found no statistically significant correlation of Lp[a] with either cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C or apoproteins. However, compared with controls, more than fivefold as many of those hemodialysis patients had high risk (greater than 30 mg/dl) concentrations of Lp[a]. Lp[a] tended to increase in hemodialysis patients with diabetes mellitus and/or ischemic heart disease. In patients with high levels of Lp[a] (greater than 30 mg/dl), Lp[a] tended to correlate positively with cholesterol, LDL-, HDL-C, apo B or apo B/AI. Incidence of IHD was also elevated in these patients. Along with other known risk factors such as hyperlipidemia and hypertension, an increased concentration of Lp[a] may play an important role in accelerating development of atherosclerosis in this condition.
 ...
PMID:[A study of clinical significance of Lp[a] lipoprotein in patients with chronic renal failure treated by hemodialysis]. 214 55

The role of specific risk factors in the development of diabetic nephropathy was examined among noninsulin-dependent diabetic subjects attending the Diabetes Clinic of Christian Medical College Hospital, Vellore during 1986-87. Seventy-three subjects with normal protein excretion (less than 150 mg/24 hr) were compared with 66 microproteinuric (150-500 mg/24 hr) and 61 macroproteinuric subjects (greater than 500 mg/24 hr). The risk factors included family history of diabetes, tobacco use, dietary habits and metabolic control; the latter was assessed from an average of 5 clinic blood sugar determinations done annually per patient. Patients who had developed proteinuria were characterized as mostly men, with increased tobacco consumption and early onset of proteinuria in relation to duration of diabetes. The mean blood sugar value was significantly high in both the proteinuric groups compared to the group with no proteinuria (p less than 0.01). There was a striking increase in the prevalence of ischemic heart disease, hypertension and retinopathy in the macroproteinuric group compared to the other two groups (p less than 0.01). It is concluded that the risk of developing nephropathy was significantly higher in men, in smokers and in those with poor metabolic control (mean postprandial blood sugar more than 200 mg/dL). Furthermore, it was clearly evident from our study that the diabetic subjects with nephropathy had a higher incidence of hypertension, retinopathy, hyperlipidemia and ischemic heart diseases.
 ...
PMID:Nephropathy in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: comparative study with normoproteinuric and microproteinuric subjects. 214 34

From 1975 to 1985 mortality from cardiovascular causes has decreased from 170.6 to 164.5 per 100,000 while its relative participation among all causes has increased from 23.0 to 27.6%. Total cardiovascular and ischemic deaths in the 35 to 74 year age range has also decreased. A lower mortality from ischemic heart disease but a higher one from cerebro vascular disease in all age groups compared to those reported in USA is shown by these data. Differences in the prevalence of risk factors such as diet, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and smoking may underlie this different mortality pattern from cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:[Has cardiovascular mortality increased in Chile?]. 215 26

Reasons for the current emphasis on cholesterol as coronary risk factor are multiple. On one hand current studies have shown that primary as well as secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease is a realistic possibility with lipid lowering measures. On the other hand new drugs are actually available which permit a potent and adapted therapy of hyperlipidemias. According to new guidelines of the Swiss "lipid task force" screening for hypercholesterolemia is recommended. A cholesterol value greater than 6.5 mmol/l should be investigated and treated. Because a great proportion of adult Swiss fall into this category (approximately 1/3) it is essential that all those are efficiently treated that have markedly abnormal cholesterol values or present with other risk factors such as smoking and hypertension or have a personal or familiar history of ischemic heart disease. Because progression is likely in patients with or after manifest ischemic heart disease even when hypercholesterolemia is mild (over 5.2 mmol/l) all patients presenting with an infarct should be investigated for dyslipidemia. Cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL should be determined. Dietary measures are the basis of every attempt to reduce hyperlipidemia. Most importantly intake of saturated fats prevailing in animal products should be restricted. The next important step is reduction of dietary cholesterol and in obese patients also caloric restriction. Lipid lowering agents are recommended in patients at risk who do not respond to or comply with dietary regimens. According to type of dyslipidemia bile-acid-binding resins, fibrates, nicotinic acid or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors are available.
 ...
PMID:[Lipid-lowering therapy in the prevention of coronary heart disease]. 221 47

In 102 patients with ischemic heart disease the severity of stenosis was classified into 7 grades (0, 25, 50, 75, 90, 99, 100%) in accordance with the AHA reporting system. The coronary angiograms were compared at first and second catheterization (intervals 2-84 months) and progression was considered present if the stenosis in the second study showed more than one grade increase in comparison with the first study. Fifty six patients met criteria for progression. Risk factors were obtained within the first second catheterization. Drug and diet therapy were evaluated by interview. No significant difference could be found between the progression (P) group and the nonprogression (N) group in relation to family history and obesity. A history of hypertension was more common in the P group. In respect to blood sampling, the values of total cholesterol, Apo B, CII, E and Apo B/AI were significantly higher in the P group than those in the N group at first and second catheterization. The percentage of patients showing abnormal levels of blood sugar and lipid were higher in the P group than the N group although the percentage of patients with drug and diet therapy were higher in the P group than in the N group. The percentage of patients with diet therapy for hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia were higher in the P group, however weight increase was more common in the P group. These data suggest that sufficient diet and drug therapy is necessary for patients with risk factors.
 ...
PMID:[Prevention of progression of coronary atherosclerosis by drug and diet therapy]. 223 14


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>