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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
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Rabbits kept on a routine diet and subjected, under conditions of free behavior, to long-term chronic (for a period of 4 months) stimulation of hypothalamic zones which give rise to negative emotions had marked stable endogenic hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia), a decrease in the blood heparin content, shortening of blood coagulation time, and mild (by 11%) but significant increase of arterial pressure. The extent of these changes differed with the animals. The dynamics of the increase in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels differed both in the degree of the increase as compared to the initial levels (by 44 and 74%, respectively) and in the latent period of attaining maximum deviations. There was a definite connection between the changes in the levels of triglycerides and heparin in blood. When rabbits were given small doses of methylthiouracil and stimulation was continued on that background, the blood cholesterol level grew still more (up to 110% of the initial level). The data obtained attest to the role of prolonged emotional stress in the genesis of stable metabolic and vasomotor disorders which may promote the development of preconditions for the origin of such cardiovascular diseases as atherosclerosis, hypertensive disease, and coronary thrombosis.
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PMID:[Effect of the chronic stimulation hypothalamic negative emotiogenic zones on a change in blood lipid and heparin content and on arterial pressure]. 67 10

Factors involved in the development of coronary atherosclerosis and the possible role of estrogens in its development are discussed. Risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis include hyperlipemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. However, the incidence of heart disease and presence of risk factors are also related to heredity, geography, and socioeconomic conditions, and to diet, exercise, and emotional stress. Contrary to previous belief, high doses of estrogens aggravate the condition of men and menopausal women at risk of heart attack. Although estrogens do not markedly alter cholesterol levels, they do tend to elevate triglyceride levels and contribute to hyperlipemia. They are also associated with diabotegenic sequelae and hypertension. Pregnancy and estrogens increase blood clotting Factors VII and X, accelerate prothrombin time, shorten clotting time, and incre ase platelef aggregation. Further research into the role of estrogens in the development of atherosclerosis is recommended.
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PMID:Estrogens and atherosclerosis. 99 76

The value of the vascular examination cannot be over-estimated. Symptoms of vascular disease present in the foot and lower extremity may actually be manifestations of severe life-threatening disease. Symptoms, their location, and the frequency and quality of the patient's pain often provide valuable clues for the clinician's diagnosis. Central nervous system symptoms, ocular disturbances, cardiac symptoms, impotence, or constitutional disturbances may all indicate systemic arterial disease. Risk factors for this disease include smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, genetic predisposition, diabetes, emotional stress, and physical inactivity. Those factors attributable to hypercoagulability and venous disease are birth control pill use, estrogen chemotherapy, obesity, prolonged immobilization, paralysis, previous thrombotic episodes, venous stasis disease, and varicose veins. An accurate bilateral assessment of blood pressure, pulses, and capillary perfusion is of critical importance. Careful inspection of the extremity for trophic changes, skin color, texture, temperature, edema, ulceration, atrophy, or paresis, will provide clues of vasculopathy. A relatively accurate assessment of circulatory status may be obtained without the use of exotic instruments. Simple tests such as the elevation and dependency tests, capillary bed return test, venous filling time test, along with blood pressure, pulse, and possibly oscillometry data are valuable in arterial evaluation. Such venous tests as inspection, percussion, Homan's sign, Trendelenburg, and Perthes' tourniquet are useful in the determination of the presence of venous disease. Fortunately, over the past few years tremendous advances have been made in the technology of the vascular laboratory. If symptoms are discovered during the vascular history and physical examination, the complete noninvasive study will provide impressive data to quantitate and specifically establish the diagnosis.
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PMID:The vascular history and physical examination. 173 54

There is an abundance of information suggesting that prostaglandins are involved in the development and clinical expression of atherosclerosis. Many studies demonstrate a relationship between prostaglandins and the risk factors for peripheral and coronary artery disease. Thus, part of the mechanism by which hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hypertension, sex hormones, age, heredity, emotional stress and diet contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis may be through an imbalance between thromboxane A2 and prostaglandin I2. Recent studies show a temporal relationship between acute ischemic events (specifically, unstable angina) and a transcardiac increase in thromboxane B2, while others demonstrate a salutary effect of disaggregatory and vasodilatory prostaglandins in such patients. If prostaglandins and thromboxane prove important in ischemic vascular disease, attention will be directed at the correction of their pathologic imbalance. This may be accomplished by dietary manipulation as well as by the development of prostaglandin receptor antagonists or inhibitors of specific prostaglandin pathways.
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PMID:Prostaglandins and ischemic heart disease. 703 86

The experiments on physically trained and untrained dogs have shown that violent physical exertion (racing up to complete exhaustion) in the presence of emotional stress enhances stress-induced hyperlipemia. The untrained animals developed especially abrupt changes in lipid metabolism. In the trained animals the repeated cycles (stress without complete exhaustion) made the adrenal function and lipid metabolism return to normal and stabilize irrespective of exposures. A decrease in the adrenal function in the untrained animals with hyperlipemia is considered to be the atherogenic factor. The role of physical activity in atherosclerosis control is discussed.
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PMID:[Effect of physical activity on blood lipids and adrenal function during emotional stress]. 719 42

Specific risk factors of cardiovascular disorders resulting from intense occupational activity were studied in 195 assembly-line shift workers with arterial hypertension. 65 of them suffered boundary AH, 69 and 61 presented with grade I and II AH respectively. The control group included 30 healthy subjects engaged at the same production facility. It was shown that the main risk factors, besides emotional stress, were smoking, alcohol abuse, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. The high level of sociocultural risk factors suggests poor awareness of the patients about their health conditions and measures for its improvement. Analysis of the results of examination demonstrated a significant deviation of some echocardiographic characteristics from normal values and severity of somatogenic disorders with age and job tenure. The observed relationships between structural characteristics of cardiac function in patients with different AP are of importance for prophylactic and treatment of AH.
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PMID:[Medico-social factors influencing the course of arterial hypertension and the quality of life]. 2289 76