Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Obesity is associated with the development of some of the most prevalent diseases of modern society. The greatest risk is for diabetes mellitus where a body mass index above 35 kg/m2 increases the risk by 93-fold in women and by 42-fold in men. The risk of coronary heart disease is increased 86% by a 20% rise in weight in males, whereas in obese women the risk is increased 3.6-fold. Elevation of blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia and altered haemostatic factors are implicated in this high risk from coronary heart disease. Gallbladder disease is increased 2.7-fold with an enhanced cancer risk especially for colorectal cancer in males and cancer of the endometrium and biliary passages in females. Endocrine changes are associated with metabolic diseases and infertility, and respiratory problems result in sleep apnoea, hypoventilation, arrhythmias and eventual cardiac failure. Obesity is not a social stigma but an actual disease with a major genetic component to its aetiology and a financial cost estimated at $69 billion for the USA alone.
 ...
PMID:Obesity as a disease. 924 38

We investigated the prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) and the presence of coronary risk factors involved in the onset of IHD in 386 subjects with suspected SAS due to heavy snoring. The prevalence of IHD among patients with untreated SAS was found to be 23.8%, and the percentage of patients having SAS complicated with IHD was high among those with moderate or severe SAS. Sleep apnea syndrome patients with IHD also showed high prevalences of hypertension and hyperlipidemia. It appears that sleep apnea aggravates the factors that cause coronary vascular disorders, and is involved in the onset of IHD.
 ...
PMID:Prevalence of ischemic heart disease among patients with sleep apnea syndrome. 962 61

Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), and snoring are associated with coronary heart disease. To assess whether OSA or snoring may contribute to this by raising fasting lipid or insulin levels, venous fasting total cholesterol, triglyceride, very-low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, and insulin were measured in 15 untreated OSA patients and 18 snorers. Each of these subjects was individually matched to a control of the same sex, age +/- 10%, body index +/- 15%, smoking and drinking habits. This produced study groups which did not differ significantly by any of these criteria. Fasting venous blood samples were collected at 06.30 hours following polysomnography, and analysed blind of the subjects respiratory status. The OSA patients were then treated with nasal continuous positive airway pressure. In 10 of these subjects lipid and insulin levels were repeated after more than three months treatment. Lipid and insulin levels were also remeasured in the controls matched to these 10 subjects. The end points were compared with paired t-tests. There was no difference in any of the end points when the untreated OSA patients and the snorers were compared to their matched controls (P > 0.25 for all comparisons), and none of the indices changed when OSA was corrected with nasal continuous positive airway pressure (P > 0.25 for all comparisons). Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea or snoring do not have significant fasting hyperlipidaemia or hyperinsulinaemia when compared to carefully matched controls. These factors are therefore unlikely to be the cause of the excess cardiovascular mortality experienced by this patient group.
 ...
PMID:Plasma insulin and lipid levels in untreated obstructive sleep apnoea and snoring; their comparison with matched controls and response to treatment. 1060 24

Orlistat (Xenical, Hoffmann-La Roche) is a powerful inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase and as such, reduces fat absorption. Unlike other weight-reducing drugs it is minimally absorbed and has no effects in the CNS. Orlistat is indicated for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2 or 28 kg/m2 in the presence of obesity-associated complications, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia and obstructive sleep apnoea. In clinical trials, orlistat (120 mg t.i.d.) in combination with life-style modification and a hypocaloric diet (30% of energy from fat) induced significantly more weight loss and improved health complications of obesity (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia) compared to patients treated with diet alone. Side effects related to fat malabsorption, occurred in more than 20% of subjects during the first year of treatment and included oily faecal spotting, abdominal pain, flatus with discharge and fatty/oily stool. Side effects from orlistat diminished in the second year of treatment. Plasma concentrations of fat soluble vitamins decreased in orlistat-treated patients but did not usually fall below the normal range. No studies have evaluated the efficacy of orlistat or side effect profile beyond two years.
 ...
PMID:Orlistat in the treatment of obesity. 2694 9

Obesity causes many undesirable health disorders such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension and so on. Recently, those life style-affecting diseases is increasing, especially the increment of diabetes mellitus is prominent. In 2000, Japan obesity society issued the new standard of the evaluation of obesity and new diagnostic criteria of obesity as a disease for Japanese. According to this issue, obesity was evaluated by body mass index(BMI). And, 18.5 < BMI < 25 is normal, 25 < BMI < 30 is obese 1, 30 < BMI < 35 is obese 2, 35 < BMI < 40 is obese 3, and 40 < is obese 4. Obesity as a disease is defined by two cases. The first category is composed of two items; one is BMI > 25, and the other is having one disease worsen by obesity, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, hyperuricemia, coronary heart disease, cerebral infarction, sleep apnea syndrome, fatty liver, deformative arthritis. The second category is the visceral type of obesity with BMI > 25, which was diagnosed by west size, over 85 cm for men, and over 90 cm for women, and by visceral fat area over 100 cm2 in abdominal CT.
 ...
PMID:[Evaluation of obesity and diagnostic criteria of obesity as a disease for Japanese]. 1126 12

Snoring and excessive daytime somnolence (EDS) are very common in middle-age adults. The goal of the investigation was to assess links between those symptoms and risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). The population studied included 1186 inhabitants of Warsaw (mean age 52 years), participants of the international multicentre study of cardiovascular disease MONICA II, who completed the sleep disordered breathing (SDB) questionnaire. Snoring was reported by 78% of males (48% habitual and 30% occasional) and 59% of females (27% habitual and 32% occasional). Every fourth (26.8%) subject declared observed apnoeas, in 9.2% apnoeas were observed every night. EDS was declared by 28.7% of studied sample. The results of the questionnaire were compared to the results of MONICA study. Snorers had significantly higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure (133.2 +/- 23/84.6 +/- 13 mm Hg) compared to non-snorers (126.4 +/- 22/80.4 +/- +/- 12 mm Hg) (p < 0.0001). The high total serum cholesterol (> or = 200 mg%) and triglycerides (> or = 200 mg%) concentration, and also obesity (BMI > or = 30 kg/m2) were more prevalent in snorers. Subjects reporting apnoeas more often had coronary artery disease (p < 0.001) or history of stroke (p = 0.002) compared to non-apnoeics. There was no relationship between EDS and risk of cardiovascular disorders, and also between diabetes and SDB. In conclusion, snoring was strongly associated with hyperlipidaemia, obesity or hypertension, well known risk factors for development of cardiovascular disorders. Reported apnoeas were related to risk of coronary artery disease.
 ...
PMID:[Snoring and excessive daytime somnolence and risk of cardiovascular diseases]. 1150 94

Obesity now affects one in five children in the United States. Discrimination against overweight children begins early in childhood and becomes progressively institutionalized. Because obese children tend to be taller than their nonoverweight peers, they are apt to be viewed as more mature. The inappropriate expectations that result may have an adverse effect on their socialization. Many of the cardiovascular consequences that characterize adult-onset obesity are preceded by abnormalities that begin in childhood. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and abnormal glucose tolerance occur with increased frequency in obese children and adolescents. The relationship of cardiovascular risk factors to visceral fat independent of total body fat remains unclear. Sleep apnea, pseudotumor cerebri, and Blount's disease represent major sources of morbidity for which rapid and sustained weight reduction is essential. Although several periods of increased risk appear in childhood, it is not clear whether obesity with onset early in childhood carries a greater risk of adult morbidity and mortality. Obesity is now the most prevalent nutritional disease of children and adolescents in the United States. Although obesity-associated morbidities occur more frequently in adults, significant consequences of obesity as well as the antecedents of adult disease occur in obese children and adolescents. In this review, I consider the adverse effects of obesity in children and adolescents and attempt to outline areas for future research. I refer to obesity as a body mass index greater than the 95th percentile for children of the same age and gender.
 ...
PMID:Health consequences of obesity in youth: childhood predictors of adult disease. 1222 58

Obesity is a multi-factorial, chronic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions in most industrialized countries and is threatening to become a global epidemic. Obese patients are at a higher risk from coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, certain cancers, cerebrovascular accidents, osteoarthritis, restrictive pulmonary disease, and sleep apnea. Obesity is a particularly challenging clinical condition to treat, because of its complex pathophysiological basis. Indeed, body weight represents the integration of many biological and environmental components. Efforts to develop innovative anti-obesity drugs have been recently intensified. In broad terms, researchers use different distinct strategies: first, to reduce energy intake; second, to increase energy expenditure; third, to alter the partitioning of nutrients between fat and lean tissue. In the present review we concentrate on the first of these strategies, by underlining the new pharmacological tools which are presently studied.
 ...
PMID:New pharmacological tools for obesity. 1250 54

Breathing-related sleep disorders, particularly obstructive sleep apnea, have been largely undiagnosed in people with cardiovascular disease, probably due to limited health care provider awareness of the association between the two conditions. Solid evidence is emerging that the apneic events that occur during sleep lead to acute and chronic hemodynamic changes during wake time, including elevated sympathetic tone, decreased stroke volume and cardiac output, increased heart rate, and changes in circulating hormones that regulate blood pressure, fluid volume, vasoconstriction, and vasodilation. Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with known cardiovascular risk factors such as obesity and hyperlipidemia, and is considered by many sleep clinicians to be an independent risk factor for hypertension. Additionally, sleep apnea has been implicated in the pathogenesis of heart failure and stroke. Treatment with positive airway pressure during sleep eliminates the apneic events and the ensuing acute hemodynamic changes. Improvements in daytime blood pressure and left ventricular function also have been noted in persons with hypertension and heart failure. Because effective treatment is available for sleep apnea, this condition needs to be diagnosed and treated in persons with cardiovascular disease.
 ...
PMID:Sleep-disordered breathing and the association with cardiovascular risk. 1501 52

Obesity is a multifactorial, chronic disorder that has reached epidemic proportions in most industrialized countries and is threatening to become a global epidemic. Obese patients are at higher risk from coronary artery disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, cancers, cerebrovascular accidents, osteoarthritis, restrictive pulmonary disease, and sleep apnoea. In particular, visceral fat accumulation is usually accompanied by insulin resistance or type 2 diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia, high uremic acid levels, low high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol to define a variously named syndrome or metabolic syndrome. Metabolic syndrome is now considered a major cardiovascular risk factor in a large percentage of population in worldwide. Both obesity and metabolic syndrome are particularly challenging clinical conditions to treat because of their complex pathophysiological basis. Indeed, body weight represents the integration of many biological and environmental components and relationships among fat and glucose tolerance or blood pressure are not completely understood. Efforts to develop innovative anti-obesity drugs, with benefits for metabolic syndrome, have been recently intensified. In general two distinct strategies can be adopted: first, to reduce energy intake; second, to increase energy expenditure. Here we review some among the most promising avenues in these two fields of drug therapy of obesity and, consequently, of metabolic syndrome.
 ...
PMID:Emerging aspects of pharmacotherapy for obesity and metabolic syndrome. 1545 65


1 2 3 4 5 6 Next >>