Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The pathogenesis of avascular necrosis of bone (ANB) was investigated in 111 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (24 with ANB, 87 without ANB); patients' ages, corticosteroid treatment, clinical and laboratory features associated with SLE, and haemostatic profiles were all taken into account. The mean ages of patients with and without ANB at the time of diagnosis of SLE was 24.1 and 31.2 years respectively. The mean maximal daily dose of prednisolone in the group with ANB was 50.8 mg, which was significantly higher than the dose (41.8 mg) in the group without ANB. Disease features of SLE, such as Raynaud's phenomenon, hyperlipidaemia, nephrotic syndrome, hypertension, and disease activity, were not found to be related to ANB. The percentage of patients who had lupus anticoagulant as well as a shorter activated partial thromboplastin time was greater in those with ANB than in those without. Multiple factors may be involved in the pathogenesis of ANB in SLE, and it is suggested that haemostatic abnormalities, which could be influenced by corticosteroids and young ages, play some part in the development of ANB.
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PMID:Avascular necrosis of bone in systemic lupus erythematosus: possible role of haemostatic abnormalities. 250 41

In the past 20 years, testicular cancer, which occurs in the young, has become a curable malignancy; 90% of the patients treated will achieve long-term survival. However, there is a significant morbidity associated with the management of the disease process. The literature was reviewed concerning the current treatment strategies and prognosis, as well as the long-term sequelae of the various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Surveillance has become a key element in the management of patients with a primary (stage I) testicular non-seminoma. Although approximately 25% of these patients will relapse, 100% survival can be achieved with cisplatin in combination with etoposide and bleomycin (BEP). Patients with a disseminated non-seminoma are usually treated with 4 courses of BEP; an 80% survival rate can be achieved. The long-term effects of chemotherapy include Raynaud's phenomenon, acral paraesthesia, hyperlipidaemia, nephrotoxicity, infertility and hormonal disturbances. Retroperitoneal lymph node dissection or resection of residual disease following chemotherapy are associated with a low mortality and morbidity rate, ejaculatory dysfunction excepted. However, with specific modifications in technique (e.g. nerve-sparing) antegrade ejaculation can be preserved in the majority of patients. Radiotherapy is used in stage I and II seminoma. With the conventional dose of 25-30 Gy to the retroperitoneal and ipsilateral iliac lymph nodes, temporary dysfunction of the germ and Leydig cells of the remaining testis may occur by scatter radiation. Patients with advanced seminoma are treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy. To date, testicular cancer patients can receive appropriate curative treatment with acceptable acute toxicity, depending on the therapy given. The detrimental effects of late toxicities require careful study and follow-up. However, little attention is paid currently to quality of life aspects, in particular the impact of the disease and its treatment on general well-being, including sexual function.
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PMID:Current concepts about testicular cancer. 931 68

This study investigated cardiac disorders in 25 patients with diagnoses of progressive systemic sclerosis based on the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology. All were women, and the mean age was 59 +/- 11 (range 41-80) years old. The duration of the disease was 11 +/- 9 (range 3-40) years. The following complications were seen; Raynaud's phenomenon in all, esophageal disorders in 11, pulmonary fibrosis in 9, diabetes mellitus in 3, high blood pressure in 6, hyperlipidemia in 7, and positive anticardiolipin antibody in 8. Electrocardiography (ECG) and echocardiography were performed to assess the cardiac disorders. Abnormal ECG was seen in 11 patients (44%) and abnormal echocardiograms in 16 patients (64%). ECG abnormalities included incomplete right bundle branch block in 8 (32%), low voltage in 3 (12%), supraventricular arrhythmia in 3 (12%), ventricular arrhythmia in 1 (4%) and septal myocardial infarction pattern in 1 (4%). Echocardiographic abnormalities included valvular diseases in 13 (52%) and pericardial thickening in 7 (28%). No relationship was found between ECG and echocardiographic abnormalities. Echocardiographic abnormalities were more frequently observed in patients with positive anticardiolipin antibody (7/8, 88%) than in those with negative anticardiolipin antibody (9/17, 53%). Especially, pericardial thickening was seen in 63% (5/8) of positive patients, in comparison to 12% (2/17) of the negative patients (p < 0.05). Patients with progressive systemic sclerosis may have several cardiac disorders including conduction disturbances, low voltage ECG, valvular diseases and pericardial thickening. Pericardial thickening has a close relationship with positive anticardiolipin antibody.
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PMID:[Cardiac disorders associated with progressive systemic sclerosis]. 991 57

Thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) has been reported to become less common in general population but more common in women, and in elderly patients. The authors looked at the clinical characteristics of TAO in Poland where there was no significant decrease of smoking and the extent of aging of the general population is less profound. They retrospectively reviewed the records of 377 patients with the diagnosis of TAO hospitalized in their institution from 1970 to 1995. If young smoking males demonstrated distal-extremity ischemia with no bruits audible over major arteries, upper limbs involvement, or superficial thrombophlebitis, the diagnosis of TAO was considered certain. When at least one of those criteria was missed, and in men older than 35 years, but in all females, typical arteriographic findings were required for the diagnosis of TAO. Connective-tissue disease, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, and hypercoagulable state were excluded. Three hundred forty-two men (91%), and 35 (9%) women had a mean age of 29.5 years at the onset of the disease (the oldest patient was 50 years old). The prevalence of TAO in southwest Poland is 8.1/100,000 and the incidence of the disease steadily declines; there was no increase of TAO in women. Three hundred thirty-seven (89%) experienced rest pain, 321 (85%) had ischemic necrosis, and 233 (62%) thrombophlebitis at some (continued on next page) time in the course of the disease. Raynaud's phenomenon occurred in only 39 patients (10%). Those patients who had quit smoking had a 50% decrease of the disease recurrences compared to their smoking period. Because the cause of declining incidence of TAO is obscure, the authors critically evaluated previously used explanations of this phenomenon. They did not confirm the observation of a change in the TAO clinical spectrum: occurrence in women did not increase, the aging of the TAO population was not observed. In Poland TAO is still a disease affecting the peripheral circulation of young smoking males with recurrent episodes of superficial thrombophlebitis and common involvement of the upper extremities; Raynaud's phenomenon is rather infrequent. Smoking cessation ameliorates the course of the disease but does not invariably stop further exacerbations.
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PMID:Sustained classic clinical spectrum of thromboangiitis obliterans (Buerger's disease). 1070 22

Cardiovascular diseases like hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and obesity are the important predictors of erectile dysfunction (ED). Endothelial dysfunction is proposed to be the underlying cause of ED, just like coronary artery disease. Sildenafil was originally developed to treat angina pectoris but later on was recognized as novel treatment option for impotence. To date, sildenafil has been the most extensively studied PDE (phosphodiesterase)-5 inhibitor. Currently two more PDE-5 inhibitors, tadalafil and vardenafil, are under study. Newer compounds have certain advantages over sildenafil, including greater selectivity for PDE-5 compared with other isoenzymes, absence of effect of food on absorption, faster onset and longer duration of action. PDE-5 inhibitors are emerging as novel therapeutic tools with a potential to protect or enhance endothelial function in humans and to selectively improve regional blood flow. The FDA has recently approved a reformulation of sildenafil for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Raynaud's phenomenon, respiratory disorders with ventilation/ perfusion mismatch, congestive cardiac failure, hypertension and stroke are the other conditions in which PDE-5 inhibitors are being tried. It is hoped that this group of drugs will soon emerge as a novel weapon in the armamentarium against various cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.
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PMID:Novel phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors: current indications and future directions. 1817 38

Buerger's disease or thromboangiitis obliterans (TAO) seems to be common in IR Iran, The present study aimed to evaluate an Iranian population with Buerger's disease in order to suggest a diagnostic criterion for Buerger's disease based on the most frequent findings and to compare it with Papa diagnostic criteria. In a cross-sectional study, all patients with resting limb pain, limb ischemic ulcers, intermittent claudication and limb ischemia who referred to the Vascular Clinic of Sina Hospital during 2009-2011 were evaluated. The patients were allocated to Buerger's and non-Buerger's groups; Evaluating 122 patients (61 in each group), according to the model each clinical manifestations and risk factors in the patients with Buerger's disease obtained a score. Absent pulsation, abnormal distal Doppler sonography and ischemic ulcer were respectively present in 58 (95.1%), 58 (95.1%) and 49 (80.3%) individuals with Buerger's disease. Multivariate linear regression analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis were used for modeling. Considering the model finding findings, diagnostic criteria including age, sex, smoking, Raynaud's phenomenon, abnormal proximal Doppler, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia were suggested (R2=0.582); the sensitivity and specificity of the criteria was respectively 95.1% and 78.7%. Compared with Papa criteria, Kappa coefficient was measured at 0.66 with a P-value<0.001. It seems that the recommended criteria have an acceptable accuracy in diagnosing Buerger's disease, especially in the Iranian population; however, it is necessary to conduct more studies with larger sample sizes to evaluate the criteria, especially in other populations.
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PMID:An Iranian scoring system for diagnosing Buerger's disease. 2465 90