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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several sources of information suggest that man evolved on a diet with a ratio of omega 6 to omega 3 fatty acids of approximately 1 whereas today this ratio is approximately 10:1 to 20-25:1, indicating that Western diets are deficient in omega 3 fatty acids compared with the diet on which humans evolved and their genetic patterns were established. Omega-3 fatty acids increase bleeding time; decrease platelet aggregation, blood viscosity, and fibrinogen; and increase erythrocyte deformability, thus decreasing the tendency to thrombus formation. In no clinical trial, including coronary artery graft surgery, has there been any evidence of increased blood loss due to ingestion of omega 3 fatty acids. Many studies show that the effects of omega 3 fatty acids on serum lipids depend on the type of patient and whether the amount of saturated fatty acids in the diet is held constant. In patients with hyperlipidemia, omega 3 fatty acids decrease low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol if the saturated fatty acid content is decreased, otherwise there is a slight increase, but at high doses (32 g) they lower LDL cholesterol; furthermore, they consistently lower serum triglycerides in normal subjects and in patients with hypertriglyceridemia whereas the effect on high-density lipoprotein (HDL) varies from no effect to slight increases. The discrepancies between animal and human studies most likely are due to differences between animal and human metabolism. In clinical trials eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the form of fish oils along with antirheumatic drugs improve joint pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis; have a beneficial effect in patients with ulcerative colitis; and in combination with drugs, improve the skin lesions, lower the hyperlipidemia from etretinates, and decrease the toxicity of cyclosporin in patients with psoriasis. In various animal models omega 3 fatty acids decrease the number and size of tumors and increase the time elapsed before appearance of tumors. Studies with nonhuman primates and human newborns indicate that DHA is essential for the normal functional development of the retina and brain, particularly in premature infants. Because omega 3 fatty acids are essential in growth and development throughout the life cycle, they should be included in the diets of all humans. Omega-3 and omega 6 fatty acids are not interconvertible in the human body and are important components of practically all cell membranes. Whereas cellular proteins are genetically determined, the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) composition of cell membranes is to a great extent dependent on the dietary intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Omega-3 fatty acids in health and disease and in growth and development. 155 54

Hydroxyurea's place in the scheme of psoriasis therapy has diminished in recent years. Some practitioners mistakenly believe that it is used only in desperate situations, is of little or no benefit in patients unresponsive to more conventional systemic therapies, and may predispose patients to the development of secondary malignancies. Moreover, a legitimate argument against the use of this drug may be made by physicians concerned about the proliferation of systemic therapies for what is a benign, albeit unsightly, eruption. However, hydroxyurea therapy is not without advantages. It is easily dosed, relatively inexpensive, and has few contraindications or subjective side effects. In addition, patients with common systemic disorders such as hyperlipidemia, mild renal insufficiency, and cardiopulmonary disease who may not be potential candidates for other medications may be managed with hydroxyurea.
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PMID:Hydroxyurea therapy. 191 91

Since the first report by Bang and Dyerberg regarding the apparent beneficial effects of a fish oil-enriched diet on the incidence of atherosclerotic heart disease in Greenland eskimos, a considerable number of studies have been performed regarding the effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on the prevention and treatment of a variety of disease states not necessarily related to atherosclerosis. Studies have been performed on healthy volunteers and in patients with hyperlipidaemia, atherosclerotic vascular disease, diabetes, asthma, psoriasis and chronic renal insufficiency, amongst others. Positive effects on platelet activity, lipid profile, blood rheology and blood pressure--all factors which are presumably of importance in the pathogenesis of atherosclerotic disease have been noted in these studies, albeit with a wide range of variability. Some negative effects also appear to exist. However, some general conclusions can be made regarding the effects of a fish oil-enriched diet.
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PMID:Fish oil: a panacea? 214 59

The retinoids, a group of compounds consisting of vitamin A and its derivatives, have been the subject of intense investigation over the past 30 years. These molecules have shown beneficial effects in the areas of acne, psoriasis, neoplastic processes and, most recently, reversal of extrinsically aged skin. Additional retinoids are currently under development. Adverse reactions to these drugs include mucocutaneous irritation, hyperlipidemia, and profound teratogenicity. Appropriate patient selection is imperative before beginning therapy with these medications. An overview of retinoid metabolism and the currently available compounds is presented. The newest class of retinoids, the arotinoids, is also discussed.
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PMID:An overview of the retinoids. 265 31

Although retinoid derivatives are an effective treatment for severe psoriasis, they result in systemic toxicity, including hyperlipidemia. In an attempt to reverse this retinoid-related hyperlipidemia in patients with psoriasis, a prospective 4-week pilot study of fish oil supplementation was carried out in 25 patients with psoriasis vulgaris receiving etretinate (Ro-10-9359) or acitretin (Ro 10-1670). Daily fish oil supplements containing 3 gm of omega-3 fatty acids (1.8 gm of eicosapentaenoic acid 20:5 omega 3, and 1.2 gm of docosahexaenoic acid 22:6 omega 3) were found to be effective in reducing hypertriglyceridemia, with a significant mean reduction from 215.6 +/- 92.5 to 156.9 +/- 58.5 mg/dl (-27%) when compared with controls (203.6 +/- 46.9 to 204.1 +/- 54.3 mg/dl). High-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased from 41.4 +/- 10.5 to 46.1 +/- 10.8 mg/dl (+11%), and the ratio of total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased from 6.6 +/- 1.9 to 5.9 +/- 1.7 (-11%). It is concluded that fish oil supplementation may prove a valuable adjunct to ameliorate the lipid changes secondary to retinoids.
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PMID:Fish oil supplementation results in decreased hypertriglyceridemia in patients with psoriasis undergoing etretinate or acitretin therapy. 296 24

Since lipemia is commonly induced by retinoid therapy, we investigated the effects of etretinate administration on glucose metabolism by obtaining five-hour oral glucose tolerance tests in 23 patients before and after 20 weeks of etretinate therapy for psoriasis. Compared with pretreatment values, peak and aggregate levels for serum glucose and aggregate levels for serum insulin were significantly lower during therapy. The changes were not associated with obesity, weight loss during treatment, or pretherapy glucose tolerance or insulin secretion level. Of 11 patients with impaired or diabetic glucose tolerance prior to therapy, eight patients had improved glucose tolerance after 20 weeks of etretinate treatment. Despite inducing hypertriglyceridemia in most patients, etretinate therapy is associated with a reduction in glucose levels in response to a glucose load.
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PMID:Glucose and insulin responses are improved in patients with psoriasis during therapy with etretinate. 354 99

In psoriatic patients with hyperlipidemia we studied the hepatic lipid synthesis from (1-(14)C)-acetate in human liver biopsy specimens in vitro by a thin-layer radio-chromatography. In psoriatics type IV (according to Fredrickson) a significant increase in (1-(14)C)-acetate hepatic incorporation especially into phospholipids (25%) and triglycerides (52%) was observed; in type IIb increased lipogenesis was phospholipids (24.5%), free cholesterol (44.4%) and triglycerides (29%). Abnormal lipid metabolism often coexists with glucose intolerance in psoriasis; no correlation between hyperinsulinemia and augmented (1-(14)C)-acetate incorporation into hepatic triglycerides was found.
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PMID:Lipid synthesis from the liver in patients with psoriasis. 701 Dec 16

Hyperlipidemia is a common side-effect of oral retinoid treatment, which sometimes interferes with long-term therapy. To evaluate the safety and efficacy of the lipid-lowering drug gemfibrozil on retinoid-associated hyperlipidemia, we studied the clinical response and the plasma lipoprotein levels in 22 acitretin-treated (0.25-0.75 mg/kg) patients mainly suffering from psoriasis. Gemfibrozil or placebo was given in a double-blind cross-over fashion to 14 patients, who after 8 weeks of acitretin therapy and dietary advice exhibited hyperlipidemia (triglyceride levels > or = 50% above baseline and/or > or = 2.0 mmol/l). Serum triglycerides remained high (3.7 +/- 2.4 mmol/l) during placebo treatment but were reduced after 8 weeks of gemfibrozil treatment (p < 0.01). The total cholesterol level decreased slightly (p < 0.05) during gemfibrozil treatment, but the LDL/HDL ratio did not change significantly. No untoward effects of gemfibrozil on acitretin dose-response and clinical side-effects were noted. Gemfibrozil thus appears useful in patients prone to retinoid-induced hyperlipidemia unresponsive to dietary treatment and acitretin dose reductions.
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PMID:Effects of gemfibrozil (Lopid) on hyperlipidemia in acitretin-treated patients. Results of a double-blind cross-over study. 861 57

The aim of this retrospective study was to characterise the clinical presentation and disease associations of Oriental patients with gout seen in our hospital over a six-month period. One hundred patients comprising of 77 males and 23 females [89% Chinese, 7% Malays, 2% Indians and 2% others; mean age was 50.9 years (range 18 to 82 years), mean age at onset of disease was 43.7 years (range 16 to 78 years)] were studied. The disease was familial in 18% and 44% of patients had a history of alcohol ingestion. Co-morbid conditions included hypertension (36%), hyperlipidaemia (25%), renal failure (17%), ischaemic heart disease (13%), diabetes mellitus (4%), systemic lupus erythematosus (3%), psoriasis (2%) and ankylosing spondylitis (1%). The majority of patients (68%) had at least one associated disease. At the onset of disease, the joints commonly involved were the ankles (39%) and knees (27%) whilst the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint was affected in only 26% of cases. Polyarticular onset was uncommon (n = 6). The precipitating factors reported by the patients included food (n = 23), alcohol (n = 12), drugs (n = 4), trauma (n = 3) and surgery (n = 2). Eleven patients had a history of renal calculi and 15% had tophaceous gout. Majority of patients (71%) had been treated with urate-lowering drugs (allopurinol). We concluded that gout in Singapore predominantly affects middle-aged men who often have an accompanying illness.
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PMID:Clinical presentation and disease associations of gout: a hospital-based study of 100 patients in Singapore. 958 67

Benign symmetric lipomatosis of the pseudoathletic type was identified in a woman with a positive family history for the disorder and a past history of alcohol abuse. She had an exceptionally high number of additional diseases such as arthropathy with degenerative osteoporosis, hyperuricemia, hyperlipidemia, psoriasis, neuropathy, muscular atrophy, arteriosclerosis and increased cardiovascular risk factors.
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PMID:[Benign symmetrical Launois-Bensaude type II lipomatosis with market systemic involvement and psoriasis]. 1090 59


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