Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The induction of nephrotoxic nephritis in rats with rabbit antibodies preparation results in proteinuria, hypoproteinemia and hyperlipidemia with little glomerular lesions. A study of some hydrolases in cortex and medulla on one hand and glomerular and tubules on the other, showed changes in the activities of following enzymes. 1) A 20-30 % decrease in Na+, K+ dependent ATP-ase in whole kidney. 2) A 20 % decrease in beta-galactosidase activity in glomerular and medulla. 3) A 20 % increase of arylsulphatase A activity in tubules. These results are discussed in the light of the present knowledge of sulphatide metabolism in kidney.
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PMID:[Experimental nephrotic syndrome in the rat. Biologic parameters and study of several hydrolases in different purified kidney fractions]. 20 50

We sought to determine whether systemic administration of proteases ameliorates membranous nephritis induced in rats by immunization and challenge with cationic bovine gamma globulin, and whether targeting of protease to glomerular capillaries increases efficacy. Proteases substituted with biotin were targeted via the cationic protein avidin A, which by virtue of its charge has affinity for the glomerular basement membrane. Despite identical pretreatment proteinuria, rats given untargeted protease (biotin-conjugated without avidin, or unconjugated plus avidin) had significantly less proteinuria than saline-treated controls and nephrotic rats given avidin plus biotin-conjugated (targeted) protease had even less proteinuria and reduced glomerular rat IgG and C3. Among more severely nephrotic rats, targeted protease was again more effective than untargeted protease at reducing proteinuria, and also decreased the size of electron-dense glomerular deposits, hypercholesterolemia, and creatininemia. Inactivated targeted proteases had no effect on proteinuria, hypercholesterolemia, or azotemia. Finally, active targeted protease did not affect proteinuria in the nonimmune mediated nephrosis induced by puromycin aminonucleoside. We conclude that systemic protease can specifically diminish glomerular immune deposits, proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and creatininemia associated with experimental immune complex glomerulonephritis but not toxic nephrosis, and that targeted protease is more effective than untargeted protease.
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PMID:Targeted enzyme therapy of experimental glomerulonephritis in rats. 170 86

Various renal abnormalities have been reported in Alagille's syndrome (arteriohepatic dysplasia), usually as single case reports. The renal findings at autopsy of four patients with Alagille's syndrome, ranging in age from 4 1/2 months to 7 years, 2 of whom had evidence of renal dysfunction, are described and are compared with kidneys from patients with other cholestatic liver diseases of childhood. Two of the Alagille's patients had histologic findings suggestive of membranous nephropathy and special stains revealed accumulation of lipid in the glomerular and tubular basement membranes. Immunofluorescence of 1 revealed extensive accumulation of IgG and IgM. One patient had medullary cysts and mild interstitial fibrosis, and the fourth had a large subcapsular cyst and mild tubulointerstitial nephritis. All 4 cases, when examined with the electron microscope, revealed varying degrees of basement membrane thickening, splitting, and vacuolation with dense osmiophilic particles, most prominent in the patients with membranous nephropathy. These ultrastructural findings did not correlate with the degree of hyperlipidemia, but rather with the patient's age, and were also observed in other cholestatic diseases. The findings suggest that Alagille's syndrome is frequently associated with renal abnormalities, including lipid deposition, which may in some instances, lead to clinically significant renal impairment.
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PMID:Renal histopathology in Alagille's syndrome. 332 21

NZB and B/W hybrid mice develop compensated hemolytic anemia during the first year of their life. By the age of 3-5 months, their erythrocytes show evidence of spherocytosis, increased osmotic fragility and decreased whole cell deformability, as measured by ektacytometry, a laser diffraction technique. The presence of spherocytes with decreased surface area/volume ratio was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and osmotic gradient ektacytometry. Whereas these abnormalities persisted and worsened in the NZB mice with further growth, they gradually improved and reverted to normal by the age of 12 months in B/W mice. This spontaneous improvement seems to be due to the accumulation of red cell membrane lipids reflecting the lipemia of immune complex nephritis in B/W mice. The implications of these findings in the modulation of autoimmune hemolytic anemia are discussed.
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PMID:Erythrocyte deformability changes in autoimmune hemolytic anemia during development of NZB mice and their (NZB/NZW)F1 hybrid. 402 Aug 52

Fractionated high-dose (3400 rad) total lymphoid irradiation (TLI) induces a unique and prolonged state of immunologic unresponsiveness. The therapeutic efficacy of TLI in immune glomerular disease was explored in two animal models: the accelerated autologous form of nephrotoxic serum nephritis (AA-NTSN) and autologous immune complex nephritis (AICN). LEW rats with established AA-NTSN, subjected to TLI, manifest decreased levels of circulating antibody to the heterologous (sheep) immunoglobulin G (0.4 +/- 0.2 vs 1.2 +/- 0.3 mg/ml, mean +/- SE respectively, p less than 0.01) early post TLI in association with a reduction in histopathology and albuminuria (6.7 +/- 2.2 vs control 19.6 +/- 5.4 mg/24 hr, mean +/- SE, p less than 0.02). Administration of TLI to rats with established AICN effected significant (p less than 0.001) reduction in albuminuria (162 +/- 30 vs 315 +/- 27), serum creatinine (p less than 0.005), and the incidence of lipemia (p less than 0.01) vs controls. Adoptive transfer studies provided no evidence that the sustained beneficial effect of TLI in AICN was suppressor cell mediated. Thus, the observed therapeutic efficacy of TLI in the treatment of experimental nephritis, shown to be related to a reduction in the level of circulating antibody in AA-NTSN, provides a new model system for study of immunity and immunosuppression in primary glomerular disease.
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PMID:Immune reactivity and immunosuppressive intervention in experimental nephritis. II. Effect of TLI on the course of two models of nephritis in the inbred rat. 622 85

In order to investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus on immune complex-mediated nephritis , we produced Heymann nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats (DM-HN group) in which the clinical course for 24 weeks and histological changes were examined. Nondiabetic rats with Heymann nephritis (HN group) and diabetic rats (DM group) were also examined as controls. The degree of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipidemia and anemia were more pronounced and the mortality rate was higher in the DM-HN group than in the HN group or in the DM group. Histologically, larger and more subepithelial or intramembranous electron-dense deposits as well as a more markedly thickened glomerular basement membrane (GBM) were observed in the DM-HN group than in the HN group. In conclusion, the nephrotic manifestations and histological changes in the GBM in Heymann nephritis were augmented by the association with diabetes mellitus.
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PMID:Autologous immune complex nephritis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. 623 73

Heymann nephritis was induced in rats with spontaneous hypertension (group HN), and renal lesions were investigated at the twentieth and thirty-sixth week. An identical group given antihypertensive drugs (group HN-AH), an identical group given anticoagulant drugs (group HN-AC), and a nonimmunized control group of spontaneously hypertensive rats (controls) were also examined. Massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia were present in groups with induced Heymann nephritis (HN, HN-AH, and HN-AC). Coagulation studies demonstrated a shortening of prothrombin time, an increase in serum fibrinogen and thrombocytes, and a reduction of antithrombin III in the groups HN and HN-AH. Necrotizing lesions were observed only in group HN and without further elevation in blood pressure. Intravascular thrombosis was prominent at the twentieth week, and marked fibrinoid necrosis appeared at the thirty-sixth week. These vascular lesions were not observed in the HN-AH, HN-AC, and control groups. Thus, a state of hypercoagulability in addition to high blood pressure probably contributes to the genesis of necrotizing vascular lesions in spontaneously hypertensive rats with nephritis.
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PMID:Necrotizing vascular lesions in spontaneously hypertensive rats with nephrotic syndrome: hypercoagulability as a contributory factor. 638 12

The purpose of the studies was to show the relationships between secondary hyperlipaemia and post-vaccination nephritis induced by lapinized vaccine with additional infection with the living virus of pig plague and the virus itself. CT, CF, LT, FFA and LP fractions were studied in the serum of blood taken from the vena cava cranialis from piglets weighing 30 - 40 kg, of the large white breed. In the animals of group 1, in the initial series a, series b - immunized with lapinized vaccine, series c - immunized and infected with virulent viruses, and also in group 2d - infected with the virus itself, the concentration of the lipids mentioned above was studied by the methods used elsewhere. The kidneys of the animals in series c and group 2d were examined histopathologically, staining them with h.e. and oil red solution neutral to fats. Multifocal inflammation reaction with the presence of fine-grained lipids were found. Particularly in group 2d the pathomorphological image, by its intensiveness and extensiveness pointed to severe inefficiency of kidneys. In series b and c of group 1a linear increase in the concentration of the lipids studies was found, as compared with series a. Hyperlipaemia was most distinctly marked in group 2d. This leads to the conclusion that hyperlipaemia may occur in severe viral nephritis. The extention of hyperlipaemia depends on the degree of the organ damage, which was more advanced in group 2d than in series c of group 1. Vaccination with lapinized vaccine caused a moderate increase of lipids in blood serum, which oscillated on the line of significance.
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PMID:[Hyperlipidemia in swine immunized with lapinized vaccine and live swine plague virus]. 653 93

The effects of amino acid-fortified low casein and fish oil (FO) diets on hyperlipidemia and proteinuria were studied in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis. After an antiserum injection, rats were maintained for 14 d on four different experimental diets: a 20% casein diet containing corn oil (CO) or FO, or an 8% casein diet supplemented with cystine plus threonine containing CO or FO. The 8% casein diets reduced urinary protein excretion in nephritic rats without inducing severe growth retardation or fatty liver compared with the basal 20% casein diets. Both the 8% casein diet and the FO diet decreased serum cholesterol, triglyceride and phospholipid levels in nephritic rats, and nonesterified fatty acid levels were decreased by FO feeding. In nephritic animals, hepatic cholesterol synthesis was decreased by the 8% casein diets compared with the 20% casein diets, and tended to be reduced by FO feeding between groups at the same casein levels. No effect of diet was observed on fatty acid synthesis among the nephritic rats. FO administration to the nephritic animals suppressed fecal steroid excretion. While lipoprotein lipase activity was unchanged among the nephritic rats, hepatic triglyceride lipase activity was reduced by either the 8% casein or FO diet. The results suggest that the hypolipidemic action of low casein diets may, at least in part, be due to reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis and suppressed triglyceride secretion from the liver. They also suggest that the hypolipidemic action of FO may, at least in part, be due to reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis and decreased fatty acid mobilization from peripheral adipose tissue.
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PMID:Effects of low casein and fish oil on hyperlipidemia and proteinuria in nephritic rats. 786 59

Effect of a low-soy-protein-isolate (SPI) diet supplemented with methionine on hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia was studied in rats with nephrotoxic serum nephritis (NSN). Rats were fed experimental diets for 14 d after an injection of nephrotoxic serum. An 8.5%-SPI diet (8.5S), as compared with a basal 20%-SPI diet (20S), improved the hyperlipidemia, proteinura, and hypoalbuminemia secondary to NSN but retarded the growth of rats. The addition of 0.3% methionine to 8.5S (8.5SM) alleviated the growth retardation without loss of the above-mentioned beneficial effects. 8.5SM was found to suppress hepatic cholesterol synthesis compared with 20S. These results suggest that the methionine-supplemented low-SPI diet has a beneficial effect on hyperlipidemia, proteinuria, and hypoalbuminemia without inducing either growth retardation or severe fatty liver in nephritis. They also suggest that the hypocholesterolemic effect of 8.5SM in nephritic rats may be partly attributable to reduced hepatic cholesterol synthesis.
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PMID:Reduction of hyperlipidemia and proteinuria without growth retardation in nephritic rats by a methionine-supplemented, low-soy-protein diet. 787 27


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