Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We describe a patient with gastric cancer and membranous glomerulonephritis (MGN). The patient, a 61-year-old male, was admitted to our Hospital in May, 1996, because of proteinuria and hyperlipidemia persisting for a year. Laboratory examination filled the criteria of nephrotic syndrome and renal biopsy revealed MGN of stage II. Prednisolone therapy (40 mg/day p.o.) was started, followed by a gradual decrease in proteinuria from 4.5 g/day to 0.1 g/day. Endoscopic examination was performed because of stomach-ache revealed advanced gastric cancer of Borrmann 4. Desiring for a conservative therapy, he was discharged and moved to a hospice. In literature review, MGN is the most frequent lesion among various glomerular diseases associated with malignancy, such as the lung, stomach, and colon, particularly at an elderly ages, and sometimes antedates the detection of malignancy, as in the present case. In several cases with MGN, immune-complexes composed of tumor antigens, such as carcino-embryonic antigen, and antibodies have been reported to deposit in basement membrane of glomeruli, causing MGN. In the renal and gastric cancer tissues of the present case, the presence of three novel tumor-associated antigens, Span-1, Thomsen-Friedenreich antigen (T antigen) and F1 alpha antigen, was examined, using a immuno-peroxidase method. Although none of these three antigens were immuno-stained in the renal tissue, clinical course and literature review suggest that MGN in this patient seems to be associated with gastric cancer, which may have produced MGN-causing tumor antigens other than the three antigens. It should be emphasized that malignancy should be carefully and routinely examined in patients with MGN, particularly at elderly ages.
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PMID:A case of membranous glomerulonephritis associated with gastric cancer. 934 99

We experienced 23 cases of venous thrombosis after gynecological surgery for the past 12 years at Tokyo Women's Medical University Hospital, representing 0.345 % of all patients. Eighteen of the 23 cases had deep venous thrombosis (DVT) including five cases followed by pulmonary embolism (PE), and five cases had PE without any symptoms of DVT. The main risk factors for thrombosis in these 23 patients were (1) obesity, DM, hyperlipidemia; (2) huge abdominal tumor, severe adhesion; and (3) hemoconcentration, post-treatment of severe anemia. The onset of PE varied from 1 to 3 postoperative days, when the patients started to walk. Five cases had dyspnea, chest pain, and decreased PaO2 levels without leg pain, while five cases showed only calf pain and tenderness with decreased PaO2 levels. PE was confirmed by immediate diagnostic images such as RI venography with ventilation and perfusion lung scan, pulmonary arterial CT, or pulmonary arteriography. Two patients died and eight patients recovered. The best way of managing venous thrombosis might be as follows: (1) identify the risk factors of thrombosis before surgery; (2) perform prophylactic leg exercises in bed and/or active anticoagulant therapy depending on the degree of risk factors; (3) rapid diagnosis with the images; and (4) proper treatment.
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PMID:Management of venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism after gynecological surgery. 983 10

Male Fischer 344 rats implanted with a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma (MCS), along with normal (or control) animals, were fed diets containing either 10% com oil (CO) or 2% CO + 8% fish oil (FO), designated as diets CO and FO, respectively, in a study designed to determine the effect of dietary FO on serum lipids (in the presence or absence of a tumor) and the growth and fatty acid composition of the MCS. For both diets, MCS-bearing rats had significantly (p < 0.05) higher serum levels of triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, and total lipids than controls. For both controls and tumor-bearers, serum levels of all these lipids were, with the exception of cholesterol for the tumorbearers, significantly lower in rats receiving the FO diet than for the corresponding groups receiving the CO diet. Relative to rats fed the CO diet, those fed the FO diet had significantly higher serum levels of some fatty acids (e.g., 20:5n-3) but significantly lower levels of others (e.g., 18:2n-6), regardless of tumor status. For the tumor-bearers, differences in the levels of fatty acids in MCS tissue reflected differences in the fatty acid composition of total serum lipids. Sarcoma growth was unaffected by diet. Thus, feeding dietary FO resulted in changes in the lipid status of both control and tumor-bearing rats. Since sarcoma growth was unaffected by diet, the reduction in the severity of MCS-induced hyperlipidemia by FO appears to be due to an effect of the oil per se.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fish oil on tumor-induced hyperlipidemia and tumor growth in rats implanted with a methylcholanthrene-induced sarcoma. 1020 75

We described a case of Werner's syndrome associated with osteosarcoma. A 37-year-old Japanese man was diagnosed as having Werner's syndrome by the presence of juvenile cataracts, skin sclerosis and hyperpigmentation of the feet, high-pitched voice, characteristic bird-like appearance of the face with beak-shaped nose, thinning of the entire skin and hyperkeratoses on soles, hyperlipemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes melitus, and the mutated responsible gene (WRN). He had a 3-month history of a tumor on his left forearm. Histologically, the tumor included four histological patterns; a malignant fibrous histiocytoma-like, a desmoid-like, a dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans-like, and a chondrosarcoma-like pattern. Tumoral osteoid formation was also found in the tumor. Therefore, the tumor was diagnosed as osteosarcoma.
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PMID:A case of Werner's syndrome associated with osteosarcoma. 1055 36

Rapamycin (sirolimus) is a macrolide, related to cyclosporine with immunosuppressive properties and antiproliferative activity in various human tumor cells lines and tumor xenograft models. The cytosolic kinase mTOR which controls the initiation of the translation of messenger RNA is the main known target of rapamycin. During clinical studies, rapamycin given by oral route as immunosuppressant did not show dose-limited toxicity and only asymptomatic thrombopenia and hyperlipemia were observed. In murine models, best antitumoral activity was observed using parental routes. CCI-779, an analog formulated for intravenous use has antitumor activity without significant immunosuppressive property in mice and is currently in phase I trials in man.
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PMID:[Rapamycin and CCI-779]. 1057 30

IP6, a major dietary source of inositol phosphates, is a physiological antioxidant with potential to form complexes with cations linked to cell proliferation and hypercholesterolemia. Accordingly, we have examined the action of IP6 on dietary modulation of neoplasia and hyperlipidemia in a Fischer rat model (1, 2). Two studies were conducted on the effects of naturally-derived IP6, administered as purified phytate, a salt form of phytic acid (inositol hexaphosphoric acid). One study examined the effect on the growth of tumors promoted in syngeneic rats transplanted with a viral oncogene-transformed cell line. Increases in tumor incidence and growth rate of fibrosarcomas seen following administration of a special diet (containing 5% saturated fatty acids and 1.2% magnesium oxide) were completely mitigated by supplementation of the same diet with purified potassium-magnesium phytate (8.9% phytic acid by weight). The other study examined the IP6 effect on serum lipid and mineral levels in animals fed a cholesterol-enriched or standard diet. Elevated levels of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides and zinc/copper ratio associated with administration of the cholesterol-enriched diet were significantly lowered by supplementation of this diet with monopotassium phytate. Addition of monopotassium phytate to the standard diet also reduced serum lipid levels but did not significantly affect the zinc/copper ratio. These studies support a role for IP6 as a potential therapeutic agent in the treatment of cancer and hyperlipidemia.
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PMID:Inositol hexaphosphate (IP6) as an anti-neoplastic and lipid-lowering agent. 1062 43

We report the clinicopathologic analysis of 23 tumors from 22 patients with lipidized fibrous histiocytoma (FH), which has been an underrecognized variant of cutaneous FH. The 16 men and 6 women patients (male/female ratio, 2.7:1) ranged in age from 21 to 82 years (median, 50 years). The location of the tumor was concentrated strikingly in the lower limb, especially around the ankle, hence the alternative informal designation of "ankle-type" FH. The tumors showed relatively large size compared with those of conventional FH, ranging up to 8 cm in greatest dimension (median, 2.5 cm), and tended to be polypoid and yellowish in color. Hyperlipidemia was only a rare and perhaps incidental association in two cases. Histologically, lipidized FH was characterized by accumulation of numerous foam cells, smaller numbers of siderophages, and stromal hyalinization typically appearing "wiry," keloidlike, or osteoidlike, although focal features of ordinary FH almost always coexisted and were identified as a focal storiform or curlicue pattern of spindle tumor cells, epidermal hyperplasia, and peripheral "entrapped" dermal collagen. Although follow-up data are limited, the prognosis appears to be good with no recurrence, even after incomplete excision. These clinicopathologic features highlight lipidized FH as a distinctive variant, which can be distinguished from ordinary or other variants of FH, as well as from other foam cell-rich cutaneous lesions, especially xanthoma.
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PMID:Lipidized fibrous histiocytoma: clinicopathologic analysis of 22 cases. 1077 Apr 32

HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (lovastatin, simvastatin, fluvastatin, pravastatin) constitute a potent class of cholesterol-lowering agents, which are increasingly being used these days for primary and secondary prevention of atherosclerotic heart disease. Despite having good overall safety and efficacy profiles, these medications can still cause significant adverse effects including transient elevation of hepatic transaminases, myopathy, and rhabdomyolysis. Preclinical studies have demonstrated a potential of neoplasia in rats. However in clinical trials HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors have not been found to be neoplastic in humans. The dosage used in humans is also significantly lower and therefore it is expected to have a good safety margin. But this may not be entirely true considering the mechanism of neoplastic transformation, which is thought to be different in humans as compared to other species. We report a patient, who developed follicular adenoma with prominent Hurthle cell changes after being on simvastatin for three months but not during one year of pravastatin therapy. In elderly female patients with hyperlipidemia requiring pharmacologic treatment, especially those with a prior history of multinodular goiter, one should consider using an agent which has not been shown to cause thyroid tumors even in animal models. Patients should continue to be followed with frequent periodic thyroid palpation in addition to the usual biochemical monitoring required while on these agents.
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PMID:Development of thyroid follicular adenoma on simvastatin therapy. 1084 48

Using the UBC test, the specificity, sensitivity and prognostic information were evaluated in patients with recently diagnosed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and in a control group consisting of apparently healthy individuals and individuals with benign disorders. Frozen urine samples from the 485 individuals in the control group and 100 newly diagnosed TCC patients were analyzed with the UBC test, specific for epitopes on cytokeratin fragments released from the urothelial cells. All the samples were analyzed and corrected for creatinine. No significant concentration difference was found between males and females (p=0.65) and there was no age dependent relation. The median concentration for the entire control group was estimated at 3.7 microg/g and the 95th percentile was calculated at 53.0 microg/g. The apparently healthy individuals in the control group had a median value of 3.4 microg/g with a 95th percentile of 24.3 microg/g. An increased frequency of elevated UBC concentrations was found in some benign disorders e.g., anemia, thyroid disorders, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipemia, urosepsis and cystitis. Patients with superficial tumors exhibited a 66% sensitivity (at 95% specificity), and the UBC concentrations did not differ statistically (p=0.16) from those patients with muscle invasive lesions with a 52% sensitivity. When the UBC concentrations were related to histopathological grade, a significant concentration difference (p<0.004) was found between low grade tumors (sensitivity 41%) and high grade tumors (sensitivity 72%). Survival analysis showed that patient with muscle invasive tumors, high-grade tumors and high UBC concentrations have a significantly reduced survival (five-year survival was estimated to 30%, 35% and 30% respectively) compared to patients with superficial tumors, low-grade tumors or low UBC concentrations (five-year survival, 60%, 85% and 75% respectively). The UBC test showed good accuracy and repeatability. Clinically the test could assist in tumor grading and the detection of recurrent disease, which in turn could assist in treatment selection for the individual patient and possibly improve prognosis.
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PMID:Evaluation of the UBC test in the urine of healthy individuals, patients with benign disorders and urinary bladder cancer. 1103 28

Involvement of the central nervous system is uncommon in progressive systemic sclerosis, with only 2 reported cases associated with intracerebral hemorrhage detected by neuroimaging. A 55-year-old woman with a 10-year history of scleroderma presented with left occipital lobe hemorrhage manifesting as headache and vomiting. She had no signs of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. CT and MRI, on admission, showed left occipital lobe hemorrhage with ventricular rupture and acute left subdural hematoma. Serial cerebral angiography was performed on day 0, day 7 and day 14, and found no evidence of aneurysm, arteriovenous multiformation or tumor stain in the left occipital lobe. However, the bilateral anterior cerebral arteries showed increasing segmental narrowing suggestive of vasculitis. Histological examination of a section from the brain cortex adjacent to the hemorrhage revealed no evidence of vasculitis, fibrinoid degeneration or amyloid deposition. Focal vasculitis may have occurred secondary to the homorrhagic lesion.
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PMID:[A case of left occipital lobe hemorrhage in a patient with progressive systemic sclerosis: evaluation of cerebral angiography and histology]. 1112 85


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