Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Groups of patients such as the elderly, the diabetic and women have been studied to evaluate the effectiveness of coronary revascularization. In this report 77 patients under age 40 years undergoing coronary revascularization were studied. There was a high prevalence rate of predisposing factors. Sixty-eight percent reported a family history of heart disease and 27 percent a history of diabetes; 57 percent were hypertensive, 43 percent were overweight, 91 percent smoked, 5 percent were diabetic and 16 percent had abnormal glucose tolerance curves. Sixty-four percent had hypercholesterolemia (cholesterol 250 mg/100 ml) and 56 percent hyperlipidemia. Forty-four percent had had a previous myocardial infarction; 95 percent had angina pectoris, 12 percent preinfarction angina and 9 percent congestive cardiac failure. There were no operative deaths. The incidence rate of perioperative myocardial infarction (new Q waves in the electrocardiogram) was 4 percent. The mean length of of follow-up was 26 months (range 6 months to 5 years). The late mortality rate was 4 percent. Eight percent had a late myocardial infarction. Overall graft patency was 85 percent. Sixty-seven percent of patients were free of angina, and 17 percent were in improved condition. Seventy-one percent returned to work, while 29 percent remained unemployed. This study shows that in young patients, coronary revascularization is associated with low mortality and morbidity rates and that, despite the wide prevalence of predisposing factors, the prognosis and graft patency rate of these patients are similar to those of other groups.
 ...
PMID:Coronary revascularization under age 40 years. Risk factors and results of surgery. 62 35

The clinical laboratory furnishes information valuable not only in the diagnosis of myocardial infarction (MI), but also in screening for possible causes of ischemic heart disease through definition of the lipid status of individuals. Accordingly, the panels used in the study of hyperlipidemia as a possible cause of ischemic heart disease are reviewed, including the determination of serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and electrophoretic development of the lipoprotein pattern. The results of an on-going study of more than 500 patients admitted to the emergency room of a general hospital with symptoms of "chest pain" are presented--including the electrocardiogram, enzyme tests, and isoenzyme patterns, in conjuction with the clinical picture. The relative diagnostic value of test procedures is considered, convering the pre-enzymatic period, current test panels, and possible future approaches. It is concluded that the laboratory's position in providing data for diagnosis of MI would be enhanced through development of procedures with as great or greater specificity than the isoenzyme patterns of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase, currently the most specific indicators of MI, but which have results available in two to five minutes.
 ...
PMID:The cardiac profile. 64 63

In an attempt to assess cardiac risk in non-cardiac surgery, 1001 patients over 40 years of age who underwent major operative procedures were examined preoperatively, observed through surgery, studied with at least one postoperative electrocardiogram, and followed until hospital discharge or death. Documented postoperative myocardial infarction occurred in only 18 patients; though most of these patients had some pre-existing heart disease, there were few preoperative factors which were statistically correlated with postoperative infarction. Postoperative pulmonary edema was strongly correlated with preoperative heart failure, but 21 of the 36 patients who developed pulmonary edema did not have any prior history of heart failure. Nearly all of these 21 patients were elderly, had abnormal preoperative electrocardiograms, and had intraabdominal or intrathoracic surgery. In the absence of an acute infarction, bifascicular conduction defects, with or without PR interval prolongation, never progressed to complete heart block. Spinal anesthesia protected against postoperative heart failure but not against other cardiac complication. By multivariate regression analysis, postoperative cardiac death was significantly correlated with (a) myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months; (b) third heart sound or jugular venous distention immediately preoperatively; (c) more than five premature ventricular contractions per minute documented at any time preoperatively; (d) rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions on preoperative electrocardiogram; (e) age over 70 years; (f) significant valvular aortic stenosis; (g) emergency operation; (h) a 33% or greater fall in systolic blood pressure for more than 10 minutes intraoperatively. Notably unimportant factors included smoking, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease, angina, and distant myocardial infarction.
 ...
PMID:Cardiac risk factors and complications in non-cardiac surgery. 66 58

Coronary arteriography was performed because of suspected coronary disease in 239 women less than 45 years of age. Normal coronary arteries were found in 112 women, and a further 23 had insignificant stenosis (less than 50 percent narrowing of luminal diameter). Of the remaining 104 women, 56 had one vessel, 22 two vessel and 26 three vessel disease. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and a family history of coronary disease were significantly more frequent in women with significant stenosis than in women with normal arteries. Significant coronary disease was found in 55 percent (100 of 182) of women with more than two risk factors but in only 7 percent (4 of 57) of those with less than two risk factors (P less than 0.0001). Evaluation of symptoms and the resting electrocardiogram also discriminated between women with and without coronary disease, but exercise testing was of little value. Only 4 of the 46 women with previous myocardial infarction had normal or near-normal coronary arteries. Among women with segmental wall motion abnormalities on ventriculography, the site was anterior in 90 percent (19 of 21) of women who used oral contraceptive drugs but in only 60 percent (21 of 35) of nonusers (P less than 0.05). However, in most respects, coronary artery disease in young women does not appear to differ from coronary disease in other patients.
 ...
PMID:Coronary artery disease in young women: clinical and angiographic features and correlation with risk factors. 67 35

519 patients with angina pectoris studied by selective coronary arteriography and left ventriculogram, were followed for a period ranging from 18 months to 7 years. The mean follow-up was 42.2 months. The patients showed a survival probability of 81% at the 7th year. After 5 years the survival probability was 83.2% for patients with typical stable angina, 70.3% for patients with unstable angina, 96.7% for patients with atypical angina. The survival probability was 78.8% for the male sex and 94.6% for the female (at the 5th year). Age, a long-lasting angina, the presence of: previous infarction, myocardial failure, cigarette smoking, hyperlipidemia, cardiomegaly and an ischemic resting EKG were factors with poor prognostic value. The prognostic value of significant coronary stenosis was confirmed. The survival probability at the 5th year of the patients without critical stenosis was 96.6%, of patients with stenosis of 1, 2 and 3 main coronary arteries was respectively: 87.6%, 79% 54.7%. Significative prognostic differences were observed in patients with normal left ventricle kinesia (survival probability at the 5th year: 90%), compared with patients with severe VS ipokinesia (62.7%) and with VS diskinesia (69%). In the follow-up period an incidence of 9% of myocardial infarctions was observed. The degree of each stenosis and the number of vessels involved, the type of angina, the presence of risk factors or previous myocardial infarction did not affect the clinical evolution of angina.
 ...
PMID:[Natural history of angina pectoris: follow-up on 519 unoperated patients (author's transl)]. 71 Jul 62

Hyperlipemia was found in 46 of 118 polycythemia vera patients and in 20 of a control group of 115 healthy subjects. Myocardial infarction in the polycythemia vera group occurred in 14 of the 46 hyperlipemic and in 17 of the remaining 72 nonhyperlipemic patients. Repeated phlebotomies may induce hyperlipemia; therefore, this form of treatment may be potentially dangerous in polycythemia vera patients who are already hyperlipemic.
 ...
PMID:Hyperlipemia and myocardial infarction in polycythemia vera. 75 May 43

Factors involved in the development of coronary atherosclerosis and the possible role of estrogens in its development are discussed. Risk factors in the development of atherosclerosis include hyperlipemia, hypertension, cigarette smoking, and diabetes. However, the incidence of heart disease and presence of risk factors are also related to heredity, geography, and socioeconomic conditions, and to diet, exercise, and emotional stress. Contrary to previous belief, high doses of estrogens aggravate the condition of men and menopausal women at risk of heart attack. Although estrogens do not markedly alter cholesterol levels, they do tend to elevate triglyceride levels and contribute to hyperlipemia. They are also associated with diabotegenic sequelae and hypertension. Pregnancy and estrogens increase blood clotting Factors VII and X, accelerate prothrombin time, shorten clotting time, and incre ase platelef aggregation. Further research into the role of estrogens in the development of atherosclerosis is recommended.
 ...
PMID:Estrogens and atherosclerosis. 99 76

In this review, the clinical reality, the statistical risk, and the frequency of thromboembolism in pill users are evaluated, 6 cases described, and premonitory signs, treatment, and etiology are discussed. Clinically these thromboembolisms appear in unlikely subjects and unusual bodily locations such as the mesenteric veins, without warning. The risks are 8-11 times higher for pulmonary thrombosis, 3-6 times higher for myocardial infarction, based on previously used higher dosed pills. The frequency is about .5-1/1000, or 500-1000/year in France. Some of the cases described used pills with less than .05 mg estrogen, some were heavy smokers, 1 woman died, 1 had a lower extremity amputation, and 1 woman had demonstrated IgG lamda antibodies against ethinyl estradiol. Premonitory signs are rare, and unsually ignored. The immediate action is to stop the pill and start anticoagulants. The cause of these disorders is not known in detail, but is presumed to be estrogens, therefore, low-dose pills, i.e., those with .05 or .03 mg ethinyl estradiol, should be used if possible. Other risk factors are surgery, age, immobilization, history of vein disorders, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, especially since the pill potentiates hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and hypercoagulation. Some mechanisms proposed are hyperlipidemia, disturbed blood coagulation factors, decreased fibrinolysis, alterations in the blood vessel endothelium and immunity against the estrogen in the pill.
 ...
PMID:[The thromboembolic risk of the pill]. 99 99

Male and female nonarteriosclerotic (virgin) and arteriosclerotic (breeder) Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to acute myocardial infarction with isoprenaline. When myocardial necrosis was most intense, animals were given cortisone (high and low doses), Dianabol, or Enovid. Animals receiving large doses of cortisone manifested the best survival rate during the early stages of myocardial infarction. Although their serum enzyme levels were least elevated and their hearts showed tha least amount of damage, these animals had undergone the most intense body weight loss and began to die suddenly during the later stages of the experiment. These animals also manifested hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, septicaemia, severe disuse atrophy of their adrenal glands, and reduced Cmpd. B production. Animals treated with low doses of cortisone or with the anabolic and androgenic steroid, Dianabol, manifested none of the myocardial pretective effects of the larger dose of cortisone. These animals displayed a high incidence of left ventricular aneurysm formation concomitant with extensive cartilaginous metaplasia within the aneurysmal sites. Treatment with the contraceptive drug, Enovid, caused body weight loss, hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, gonadal atrophy and reduction of Cmpd. B production. Although the high dose of cortisone exercised definite salutary effects during early myocardial infarction, chronic treatment led to adrenal disuse atrophy and hypoadrenocorticism associated with sudden death during the later stages of myocardial repair. These findings indicate that proper adjustment of the dose and chronicity of corticosteroids used for treating the crisis of acute myocardial infarction must be made in order to provide effective protection against untoward pathophysiological conditions, acceleration of myocardial repair, but without suppression of adrenal function.
 ...
PMID:Comparative effects of cortisone, dianabol and enovid on isoprenaline-induced myocardial infarction in arteriosclerotic vs nonarteriosclerotic rats. 100 97

Myocardial infarction has been noted as a frequent complication of coronary artery surgery in many review series, although its causes are uncertain. Follow-up of 100 patients at 19.7 months (mean) after coronary bypass surgery identified 15 patients with perioperative myocardial infarction as judged by new, significant Q waves after surgery. There were no significnat differences in age, preoperative anginal class, previous infarction, presence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, or frank glucose intolerance compared with the 85 patients without infarction. Nor was there a significnat difference in coronary artery score, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, cardiac index, or presence of collaterals. Cardiopulmonary bypass time, duration of anoxic arrest, and number of vessels grafted did not differ. Perioperative infarction always occurred in the territory of a grafted vessel and not in comparably compromised, nongrafted areas. In 13 cases new Q waves appeared in the first 24 hours, and myocardial infarction was not clinically suspected. Eight of the 15 grafts at risk were patent at late follow-up. Mean ejection fraction was not significantly changed postoperatively, but affected segmental wall motion declined in most cases. Five patients with perioperative infarction but no patent grafts improved by only 1 NYHA class (mean), but ten patients with infarction and one or more grafts patent improved by 2.9 NYHA classes (mean). Perioperative infarction could not be correlated with currently recognized patient and operative risk factors. The consistent anatomical relationship suggested that the grafting procedure itself was critical to the occurrence of distal segmental infarction.
 ...
PMID:Myocardial infarction in coronary artery surgery. 108 Apr 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>