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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

To evaluate the cardiac risk in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery, it has been identified by the multivariated analysis some major and independent correlates of fatal or life-threatening cardiac complications. The most important ones were the history of previous myocardial infarction in the preceding six months, clinical signs of congestive heart failure, third heart sound or jugular venous distention, and for some Authors instable angina class IV CCS. Other predictive factors of complications were premature ventricular and atrial contractions or ectopic rhythms within cardiac diseases, age over 70 years, intraperitoneal, intrathoracic, aortic or emergency operation, severe valvular aortic and mitral stenosis and poor general medical conditions. Stable angina, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking habit were less important. The global evaluation of cardiac risk can be performed by multifactorial index subdividing the patients into four very different risk classes. This is obtained by scores assigned to each statistically significant factor.
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PMID:[Surgical cardiac risk in patients with heart diseases. I. Evaluation of the risk]. 260 75

Cardiovascular manifestations develop in the majority of SLE patients at some time during the course of their illness, the most common being acute fibrinous pericarditis and pericardial effusion. Echocardiography has demonstrated an increased incidence of pericardial effusion, even in those who have minimal symptoms. Chronic adhesive pericarditis, pericardial tamponade, and constrictive pericarditis occur rarely. While myocarditis is commonly noted at autopsy, it is often silent clinically. Diagnosis during life can be confirmed only by endomyocardial biopsy. Electrocardiographic changes are often nonspecific. Endocarditis with superimposed nonbacterial verrucous vegetations (Libman-Sacks) is noted in more than 40% of hearts at autopsy, but is rarely diagnosed during life. Valve dysfunctions, such as aortic stenosis, aortic insufficiency, mitral stenosis, and mitral insufficiency, occasionally manifest during life and rarely may necessitate surgery. Atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, first degree AV block, and acquired CHB occur in association with pericarditis, myocarditis, vasculitis, and myocardial fibrosis, respectively. CCHB developing in newborns of mothers with SLE, particularly those who have an antibody to soluble tissue ribonuclear protein RO(SS-A), is increasingly being appreciated by both pediatric cardiologists and rheumatologists. Recently, severe coronary atherosclerosis resulting in angina pectoris and/or myocardial infarction in young adults has been noted, particularly in those who had developed risk factors such as hypertension and hyperlipidemia while receiving prolonged corticosteroid therapy. Rarely, coronary arteritis may produce similar symptoms. Congestive heart failure of either single or multiple etiologies carries an ominous prognosis. It remains a cause of high morbidity and mortality unless recognized early and treated properly. Extracardiac vascular manifestations of SLE include telangiectasia, vasculitis, livedo reticularis, Raynaud's phenomena, and thrombophlebitis, all of which may occur either alone or in different combinations. Evidence is now slowly accumulating that substantiates that immune complex deposition, complement activation and subsequent inflammatory reaction is responsible for the majority of the cardiovascular manifestations of SLE, for example, pericarditis, myocarditis, endocarditis, coronary arteritis, coronary atherosclerosis, and systemic and pulmonary vasculitis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Cardiovascular manifestations of systemic lupus erythematosus: current perspective. 286 Jun 99

Controversy exists regarding the influence of mitral regurgitation (MR) on thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. We aimed to investigate retrospectively a reduction of risk for stroke due to MR in atrial fibrillation and to evaluate the effectiveness of low-intensity anticoagulation therapy. In 313 patients with atrial fibrillation, transthoracic echocardiography was performed and MR was graded. Between the groups with no or mild MR (n = 209) and with moderate or severe MR (n = 104), age, sex, treatment, history of diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipemia and mitral stenosis, and previous stroke were compared. No significant differences in clinical characteristics, treatment, or history were observed between the two groups. The incidence of thromboembolism was significantly higher in the group with no MR (48 patients [23%]) than in the group with MR (14 patients [13%], p < 0.05). In the MR group, previous stroke was frequently observed in patients without warfarin treatment (11 of 51 patients) compared with patients with low-dose warfarin treatment (international normalized ratio of 1.6-1.8) (3 of 53 patients, p < 0.05). Consequently, the thromboembolic event was markedly prevented by low-dose warfarin treatment.
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PMID:Prevention of cerebral thromboembolism by low-dose anticoagulant therapy in atrial fibrillation with mitral regurgitation. 1130 Jun 55

A 68-year-old woman with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) was admitted to our hospital with acute myocardial infarction on 7 February 1999. She had been treated since 1991 for mitral stenosis and regurgitation, atrial fibrillation due to mitralism, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hyperlipidemia. Chest radiograph on admission showed cardiomegaly with congestion and cardiothoracic ratio was 63%. The platelet count on admission was 22,000/microliter, but she did not have petechia or purpura. Urgent coronary angiography revealed total occlusion in segment 7, and 13 and 75% stenosis in segment 4PD, 9 and 10. Subsequently, direct percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) was performed in segment 7. Dissection occurred during the intervention, and a coronary stent was implanted, we started heparin infusion and medication with ticlopidine hydrochloride as post-stenting therapy after the intervention, and there was no bleeding tendency.
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PMID:[A case of intracoronary stent implanted for acute myocardial infarction in an elderly patient with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura]. 1185 81

A 76-year-old woman with a history of percutaneous transvenous mitral commissurotomy and repeated hospital admissions due to heart failure was referred for an operation for severe mitral valve stenosis. She presented with hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cerebral infarction with stenosis of right internal carotid artery, retinopathy, neuropathy and nephropathy caused by long-term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hemoglobin A1c of 9.4%, and New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification of 3/4. Echocardiography revealed severe mitral valve stenosis with mitral valve area of 0.6 cm2, moderate tricuspid valve regurgitation, and dilatation of the left atrium. Taking into consideration the NYHA functional classification and severe mitral valve stenosis, an immediate surgical intervention designed to prevent mediastinitis was performed. The approach was via the right 4th thoracotomy, as conventional sternotomy would raise the risk of mediastinitis. Postoperative antibiotics were administered intravenously for 2 days, and signs of infection were not recognized.In patients with long-term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, mid-line sternotomy can easily cause mediastinitis. The choice of operative approach plays an important role in preventing this complication. In this report, the importance of the conventional right thoracotomy for prevention for mediastinitis is reviewed.
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PMID:Mitral valve replacement via right thoracotomy approach for prevention of mediastinitis in a female patient with long-term uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: a case report. 2047 46

Patients with valvular heart disease (VHD) should be treated for diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. They also should receive therapy for left ventricular dysfunction, undergo interval echocardiography, and participate in aerobic exercise. Valve replacement should be considered for patients with aortic stenosis (AS) and syncope, presyncope, heart failure, angina, or severe AS with left ventricular dysfunction. Valve replacement is performed with open or transcatheter procedures; the latter are preferred for patients with high surgical risk. Patients with chronic aortic regurgitation (AR) should undergo open surgical replacement if they are symptomatic or are asymptomatic but have severe regurgitation and left ventricular dysfunction. No transcatheter procedures currently are approved for AR. Patients with mitral stenosis (MS) should receive drugs for heart rate control and anticoagulation if they have atrial fibrillation. Invasive treatment involves valve replacement or percutaneous commissurotomy. Management of severe chronic mitral regurgitation consists of valve replacement or, for patients with high surgical risk, a percutaneous transcatheter procedure that clips the mitral leaflets together. When severe, tricuspid regurgitation can be managed with valve replacement. Pregnant patients with VHD require special management. Women with severe AS or MS should avoid becoming pregnant until VHD is managed definitively.
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PMID:Valvular Heart Disease in Adults: Management of Native Valve Disease. 2867 5