Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of benign symmetric lipomatosis is reported in conjunction with a review of the literature. The association with metabolic disorders such as gout and hyperlipemia, as reported by others, is fortuitous and not statistically significant. The etiology of this rare type of lipomatosis is unknown; its treatment is surgical and should be confined to cases with symptoms of compression or extremely disturbing appearance.
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PMID:[The benign symmetrical lipomatosis (adenolipomatosis Launois-Bensaude; Madelung's fat neck)]. 98 12

A family with familial combined hyperlipidaemia in which affected members had nonsymmetric subcutaneous lipomatosis (NSSCL) is described. Affected members had high serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol. By contrast, family members without NSSCL had normal lipid levels. There was also a correlation between the degree of hyperlipidaemia and the amount of subcutaneous lipomas. The occurrence of hyperlipidaemia in family members with NSSCL suggests the existence of a genetic linkage between these two characteristics, but did not show any association with HLA haplotyping. To our knowledge this association between lipid abnormalities and NSSCL has not been previously reported.
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PMID:Non-symmetric subcutaneous lipomatosis associated with familial combined hyperlipidaemia. 275 31

A total number of 30 native breed cows were used in this investigation. Ten animals were clinically healthy and kept as control, while 20 diseased cows were selected according to rectal findings. At the beginning of the disease, the cows appeared obese with marked deposition of fat in the subcutaneous tissue at the lumbosacral area, later on they became emaciated. Additional signs were digestive disturbance in form of diarrhea or constipation and tympany. Rectal examination revealed hard irregular masses of various size which were palpated in the pelvis, the perirenal area around the colon and the rectum. More information about the nature and character of the lesions were taken from slaughtered cows. Biochemical analysis, including total lipids, cholesterol triglycerides and creatine kinase, were carried out in both healthy and diseased cows. In advanced cases of bovine lipomatosis hyperlipemia and hypercholesterolemia as well as increased creatine kinase values were constant findings. The aetiology of this disease is still unknown.
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PMID:[Accumulated occurrence of lipomatosis in a cattle herd in Assiut (Egypt)]. 322 88

Benign symmetrical lipomatosis of the neck is a rare disease that has to be differentiated from goiter, sialadenitis, obesity or a lymphatic tumor. Most patients are severe alcoholics, but they may have other endocrine disorders, such as diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, or hyperlipidemia. Aside from the cosmetic disfigurement and consequent psychological stress, respiratory distress may be the indication for surgical treatment. Excision of the lipomatosis requires technical skill because the extensive and sometimes infiltrative growth makes dissection of muscle and nerves difficult. The computer tomogram provides good information on the extent of the disease. Three of our 5 patients died 2 1/2 to 6 years after the first operation because of their primary disease.
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PMID:Lipomatosis of the neck (Madelung's neck). 327 65

A 42-year-old man was admitted to the Saiseikai Fukuoka General Hospital on March 22, 1985 with complaints of nausea, vomiting and headache which had continued for twelve days. On physical examinations, multiple subcutaneous nodules were noted in the chest, abdomen and extremities with dilated veins in the chest wall. Furthermore, the discoloration of the skin attributable to the venous occlusion was noted in the left foot. Neurological examinations failed to reveal any abnormalities except for moderate choked disc in bilateral ocular fundi. Spinal puncture revealed CSF pressure as high as 350 mmH2O with slight increase in cell numbers. CT demonstrated small intracerebral hematomas bilaterally in occipital lobes with evidence of "empty delta" sign in the superior sagittal sinus. On angiographical findings, the superior sagittal sinus was not demonstrated in venous phase and the blood was drained mainly through the paravertebral plexus and the pterygoid plexus without any abnormalities in arterial and capillary phases. Serological examination revealed a hypercoagulability and hyperlipidemia especially in LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) and VLDL (Very Low Density Lipoprotein). On etiological considerations, all of these abnormalities seemed to be derived from the hyperlipidemia. Furthermore, multiple symmetrical lipomatosis was defined as a "lipoprotein storage disease" in which laboratory examinations revealed hyperlipidemia especially in LDL and in some subfraction of HDL. Although not a typical case, there must be some possibilities that the lipomatosis of this case is secondary to disorder of lipid metabolisms. In conclusion, all of various pathological conditions observed in this case were considered to be due to the disorder of lipid metabolism.
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PMID:[A case of superior sagittal thrombosis secondary to hyperlipidemia]. 344 33

The finding of multiple lipomas, or lipomatosis, can be a marker for several clinical or familial syndromes. Familial multiple lipomatosis is a benign hereditary disorder of adipose regulation associated with hyperlipidemia. Multiple symmetric lipomatosis involves the local infiltration of adipose tissue of the neck, upper torso and mediastinum. This condition is often found in alcoholics and has been associated with diabetes mellitus. An afflicted patient's family history is important both to reveal occult pathology and to help determine the disease's prevalence in the population. In this article, we report the case of a patient with sporadic multiple lipomatosis and provide a brief review of the literature.
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PMID:Sporadic multiple lipomatosis: a case report and review of the literature. 800 72

Type I multiple symmetrical lipomatosis (MSL; Madelung's disease) is characterized by lipomas in the nape of the neck and the supraclavicular and deltoid regions, resulting in a bull-necked appearance (Madelung's collar). It is most common in alcoholic men between 35 and 50 years of age. Type I MSL has been reportedly associated with hyperinsulinemia, but its association with diabetes mellitus is rarely discussed. We describe a case of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) associated with type I MSL. A 47-year-old alcoholic man presented with a seven-year history of hyperglycemia and progressive neck swelling with dysphagia for one year. Physical examination showed diffuse and symmetrical swelling of the bilateral posterior aspects of the neck. Biochemistry profiles revealed elevated concentrations of fasting serum glucose (276 +/- 16 mg/dl), triglycerides (358 +/- 79 mg/dl) and total cholesterol (323 +/- 28 mg/dl). Endocrinologic studies showed normal thyroid function. Neck sonography revealed diffuse thickening and swelling of the fatty structures of both sides of the neck. Normal sonography showed no fatty deposition in the liver. Maxillary and neck computerized tomography revealed diffuse fat accumulation in the submental and posterior neck regions, with no extension to the superior mediastinum. Fine needle aspiration cytology of the neck masses showed only fat cells. The patient received an oral hypoglycemic agent (glibenclamide 5 mg bid) for blood glucose control and lovastatin (20 mg before bed-time) for hyperlipidemia, and ceased drinking alcohol. The neck swelling resolved markedly after 15 months of medical treatment. This suggests that, in addition to the cessation of alcohol consumption, the reduction of blood glucose and lipid concentrations by medication may also assist in resolving the accumulated fat of type I MSL in patients with NIDDM.
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PMID:Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with type I multiple symmetrical lipomatosis: a case report. 1022 5

The introduction of HAART has changed the nutritional status of HIV patients. In the pre-protease inhibitor (PI) era, more than 60% of HIV-positive persons presented with protein energy malnutrition (PEM) and vitamin and mineral deficit. This caused progressive physical-metabolic wasting (wasting syndrome/cachexia) and increased susceptibility to opportunistic infections and drug toxicity. PEM was a concurrent cause in 80% of deaths attributed to AIDS. Since 1996, the year in which PIs were introduced, the number of patients dying as a result of AIDS has decreased by two thirds, and cachexia is no longer the AIDS terminal phase in developed countries. But different patterns of nutritional status changes have appeared in association with the use of newer anti-HIV therapies and with longer survival of HIV-infected patients. A new clinical and laboratory syndrome--lipodystrophy syndrome--now affects patients receiving PI-based therapy. This syndrome consists of changes in body shape that are caused by an abnormal redistribution of fat. Fat accumulates in the abdominal area (truncal and visceral obesity), in the axillary pads (bilateral symmetric lipomatosis), and in the dorsocervical pads ("buffalo hump," "bull neck") but decreases in the legs, arms, and nasolabial and cheek pads (peripheral lipodystrophy). Hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance are also frequently present (metabolic syndrome X). Pathogenic mechanisms of lipid and fat tissue disturbances are discussed in this article, and the clinical approach to patient management and therapeutic options for lipodystrophy and lipid dysmetabolism is evaluated.
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PMID:Reversal of cachexia in patients treated with potent antiretroviral therapy. 1088 68

Since the introduction of HIV-1 protease inhibitors as components of antiretroviral drug combination regimens, the clinical course of HIV disease and opportunistic infections has changed dramatically. Besides the favourable virological, immunological and clinical impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), several adverse drug reactions have been observed in patients with HIV receiving therapy. Particularly, peripheral lipodystrophy, central adiposity, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance have been described with a prevalence of up to 80% in patients infected with HIV, and attributed to almost all components of HAART. Hyperlipidaemia is characterised by an increase of low and very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol as well as apolipoproteins B and E. Several studies strongly suggest that there are either multiple syndromes or a variety of factors inducing different changes that influence the ultimate phenotype. Similarities between HIV-associated fat redistribution and metabolic abnormalities with both inherited lipodystrophies and benign symmetric lipomatosis suggest the pathophysiological involvement of, for example, nuclear factors like lamin A/C and drug-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Moreover, there is some evidence that cytokines and hormones impair fat and glucose homeostasis in patients with HIV receiving HAART. Three years after the first description of HIV therapy-associated abnormal fat redistribution, there is still an ongoing discussion about the case definition, diagnostic procedure and treatment options for both body shape changes and metabolic disturbances. Regarding therapy, there is a major concern about possible complex pharmacological interactions and overlapping adverse effects between HAART and, for example, lipid-lowering therapy. In addition, the likely contribution of both nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors to the development of abnormal fat redistribution in patients with HIV limits options of changing to alternative effective antiretroviral drug combinations. Thus, the occurrence of hyperlipidaemia, maturity onset diabetes mellitus, and marked changes in body habitus resulted in important social and clinical consequences such as an increased risk of atherosclerosis. It also sheds new light on the use of protease inhibitors regarding risk factors for the initial treatment decision. In this article, we discuss the features, pathogenesis and treatment options for body fat redistribution and metabolic disturbances associated with HAART in HIV-1 infection.
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PMID:Lipodystrophy syndrome in HIV infection: what is it, what causes it and how can it be managed? 1091 32

Benign Symmetric Lipomatosis (Madelung's disease) is a rare disease, characterized by massive fatty deposits in the neck, the shoulders, and the upper extremities. The deformity is associated with chronic alcohol use, malignant tumors of the upper airways, neuropathy, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and other metabolic disorders. Although the deformity is prone to recurrence, surgical removal via lipectomy or liposuction provides the only way of palliation. This paper describes the treatment of a 51-year-old man with a history of alcoholism and liver cirrhosis. He reported masses in his cervical and facial regions that had gradually enlarged over a period of 6 years. He also developed respiratory symptoms due to the fatty compression of his upper airways. Our experience with ultrasound-assisted liposuction for the palliative treatment of this disease is reported.
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PMID:Ultrasound assisted liposuction for the palliative treatment of Madelung's disease: a case report. 1142 8


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