Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The authors investigated the incidence of different disorders of the lipid metabolism and their age dependence in a group of 67 patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized at the First Medical Clinic in Kosice. Some disorder of the lipid metabolism was recorded in 67% of the patients. The most frequently encountered disorder was hypertriglyceridaemia (21%). Hypercholesterolaemia was recorded in 16%, combined hyperlipidaemia in 18% and hypoalphalipoproteinaemia in 12% of the patients. Patients with diabetic nephropathy had significantly elevated mean triglyceride levels and reduced HDL-cholesterol levels, as compared with patients without nephropathy. In diabetic women a significantly higher incidence of combined hyperlipidaemias was recorded, as compared with men and the mean total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were also significantly higher in women with type 2 diabetes.
 ...
PMID:[Disorders of lipid metabolism in type 2 diabetics]. 145 58

Both increased synthesis and decreased catabolism of lipoproteins may account for the severe hyperlipidemia which frequently occurs in patients with the nephrotic syndrome (NS). Nevertheless the complex relation between hyperlipidemia and proteinuria remains unclear and still debated. Increased levels of serum total cholesterol, of low-density lipoprotein and of apolipoprotein B are the most characteristic reported abnormalities placing these patients at high risks for atherosclerotic vascular disease. Moreover recent experiments have suggested that hyperlipidemia may also play a role in the progression of renal disease. Thus the reasons for using hypolipemic treatment are now growing in number and recent trials with lipid lowering medication have been successful without major side effects.
 ...
PMID:[Disturbances of lipid metabolism during nephrotic syndrome: physiopathology and treatment]. 147 Feb 93

Post-prandial lipaemia was investigated in a group of nine subjects with nephrotic syndrome by following the concentrations of triglyceride and retinyl palmitate in the d < 1.006 g ml-1 fraction of plasma after a standard oral fat load containing vitamin A. Lipoprotein lipase and hepatic triglyceride lipase activities were measured in post-heparin plasma. Subjects with other renal disease but insignificant proteinuria acted as controls. The time course of the lipaemic response was similar in both groups although individual patients demonstrated a prolonged lipaemia. Overall, there were no significant differences in the rise in triglyceride at 6 h (nephrotic--median 2.53 mmol l-1; range 0.87-4.76 vs. control 1.88; 0.38-4.12, P = 0.34), the peak concentration of retinyl palmitate (nephrotic 0.87 mg dl-1; 0.27-2.16 vs. control 0.65; 0.24-1.89, P = 0.97) or the areas under the curve from 0-24 h for triglyceride (nephrotic 10.5 mmol. h l-1; 2.9-43.6 vs. control 9.7; 4.3-27.0, P = 1.0) or retinyl palmitate (5.5 mg.h dl-1; 1.0-23.4 vs. 4.3; 1.5-12.4, P = 0.7). At baseline, the particles in the d < 1.006 g ml-1 fraction of plasma from nephrotic subjects had a higher free cholesterol:phospholipid ratio but this difference was no longer apparent 6 h after the test meal. There were no differences in total heparin-releasable lipase, lipoprotein lipase or hepatic triglyceride lipase activities between the two groups. These data suggest that impaired clearance of chylomicrons is not a major contributor to nephrotic hyperlipidaemia in man.
 ...
PMID:Post-prandial lipoprotein metabolism in nephrotic syndrome. 147 53

The relationship between the secundaer hyperlipidaemia and pathological platelet activation was examined in 40 insulin-treated diabetic patients without nephropathy and 21 with nephropathy. Diabetic nephropathy was recorded with the measurements of serum creatinine, serum beta 2-microglobulin, and urine albumin excretion. Haemostasis and lipoprotein metabolism were characterized with determination of platelet aggregation, plasma beta thromboglobulin, thromboxane-B2, serum triglyceride, HDL and LDL cholesterol concentration, respectively. In the normalbuminuric group serum triglyceride and thromboxane-B2 positively correlated. In the nephropathic group serum cholesterol and beta thromboglobulin, as well as LDL and beta thromboglobulin, finally, LDL and thromboxane-B2 showed significant positive correlation. In diabetic patients without nephropathy platelet aggregate ratio was in positive correlation with the serum triglyceride, while the ED50-S elevated with the increase of serum cholesterol and LDL. The nephropathic group exhibited no such parallelisms. However, there were significant correlations of LDL with serum creatinine in both groups of diabetic patients. Our results seem to indicate that the increase of LDL could be associated with the change of LDL structure. Interactions of modified LDL and the platelet membrane might contribute to the platelet hyperactivation both in the nephropathy-free and nephropathic cases.
 ...
PMID:[Relationship between platelet hyperactivation and dyslipoproteinemia in diabetic nephropathy]. 157 41

Despite a marked reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, treated hypertensive patients remain at increased risk of coronary artery disease and its complications compared with untreated normotensive subjects. Mild hypertension is often associated with other, usually chronic, diseases. The failure of first-line antihypertensive therapy to deal adequately with concomitant disease and associated therapy might account for the poor improvement in the cardiovascular prognosis. This possibility has been addressed in an ongoing trial of novel design, the Perindopril Therapeutic Safety Study, a multicenter, double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled trial to determine the safety, efficacy, and interaction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition with eight of the most common concomitant diseases and their therapies. A total of 480 male and female patients (60 per disease group) aged 30-70 years, with a diastolic pressure of 90-104 mm Hg, were included after a 3-week placebo run-in if they satisfied standard criteria for any of the following: hyperlipidemia, type II diabetes, ischemic heart disease, cardiac arrhythmia, peripheral arterial disease, nephropathy with proteinuria, chronic obstructive lung disease, or rheumatoid arthritis. Of these, 460 patients have completed the 6-week double-blind phase (comprising two assessments, at 3 and 6 weeks), and are currently undergoing assessments every 3 months over a 1-year follow-up period. The end points include the incidence of progression or improvement in concomitant disease, the incidence of positive or negative interaction between ACE inhibition and concomitant therapy, change in blood pressure, adverse biochemical and hemodynamic reactions, self-reported side effects, and quality of life indices. Interim results for the 6-week double blind phase will shortly be available. However, the desirability and feasibility of conducting a study according to this novel design have already been proved.
 ...
PMID:Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition in mild hypertension with concomitant diseases and therapies: an efficacy, safety, and compatibility study of novel design, the Perindopril Therapeutic Safety Study. 158 Feb 90

The purpose of this study was to characterize the lipoprotein profile and cholesterol metabolism in Yoshida rats, a strain of inbred genetically hyperlipemic animals. For comparison, Brown Norway rats were used as control animals. Plasma cholesterol and triglycerides were higher in Yoshida as compared to Brown Norway, the elevation of cholesterol being due to a rise in HDL fraction. Triglyceride distribution among lipoproteins showed an increase in VLDL fraction. Hyperlipemia was not related to diabetes, hypothyroidism or nephropathy. Plasma triglycerides production was increased in Yoshida rats, while lipoprotein and hepatic lipases were similar in the two groups. Hypercholesterolemia was associated with a defect of lipoprotein receptor activity and with elevated HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol 7 alpha - hydroxylase; conversely ACAT activity was lower in Yoshida as compared to Brown Norway rats. Sterol fecal excretion was comparable in the two groups and hypercholesterolemia in Yoshida rats was not associated to an increase of cholesterol saturation of the bile. We suggest that lipoprotein overproduction is the main cause for hyperlipidemia in this strain of rats.
 ...
PMID:Plasma lipoproteins and cholesterol metabolism in Yoshida rats: an animal model of spontaneous hyperlipemia. 159 76

Early screening for hypertension in diabetic patients and for glycoregulation abnormalities in hypertensives is justified by the additive cardiovascular risks when hypertension and diabetes co-exist and by the accelerated development of diabetic nephropathy and retinopathy if hypertension co-exists. In insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension is generally preceded by microalbuminuria, known to be reduced by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors. The requirement for nephropathy prevention and the hemodynamic and/or tissular effects of this therapeutic class could justify their use at a blood pressure level less than that conventionally considered hypertensive. This strategy must be confirmed by prospective trials, already underway, evaluating the nephroprotective efficacy of this therapy. In non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension is often present before the diabetes is diagnosed and antihypertensive therapy, especially thiazide diuretics, could play a demasking or favorizing role. The optimal blood pressure level to which these patients at high renal and coronary risk should be lowered still has to be determined. A prospective study, comparing the effects of strict (treated diastolic blood pressure less than 80 mmHg) and less strict (treated diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 100 mmHg) hypertensive control on coronary event prevention in essential hypertension, is in progress and will have important implications for hypertension treatment in diabetics. Appropriate treatment of other risk factors, such as hyperlipidaemia and smoking, contributes to coronary and renal prevention in all diabetic hypertensives.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of hypertension in diabetes: threshold of intervention and therapeutic options]. 163 6

Diabetic patients who develop proteinuria show a marked increase in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The precise pathogenesis of human diabetic kidney disease and the factors responsible for the susceptibility to it remain, in part, obscure. However, there is now evidence that renal disease clusters in families and that genetic factors may be of central importance in determining susceptibility. Predisposition to arterial hypertension has been suggested as playing a contributory role in the development of kidney disease. Hypertrophic processes may be implicated in the susceptibility to arterial wall damage and glomerular injury in diabetes. Interestingly, fibroblasts of patients with diabetic nephropathy show a higher Na+/H+ antiport activity and a greater 3H-thymidine incorporation into DNA than fibroblasts of diabetic patients without nephropathy. The first clinical signs of renal involvement are the appearance of microalbuminuria and a small elevation in arterial pressure. Mesangial expansion accompanies these changes. Microalbuminuria is associated with abnormalities of lipoprotein profiles and higher Na+/Li+ countertransport rates. The environmental changes brought about by diabetes could lead in susceptible individuals to increased systemic and intraglomerular pressures on the one hand and to mesangial expansion on the other. These two processes would cause proteinuria and glomerulosclerosis. Lipid abnormalities may further aggravate the renal histological damage and, in combination with hypertension, contribute to the accelerated atherosclerosis typical of patients with diabetic kidney disease. A vicious circle would thus be triggered, involving reduction in renal function, further hypertension, proteinuria, glomerular obsolence and hyperlipidaemia, and eventually end-stage renal failure or premature cardiovascular death.
 ...
PMID:Risk factors for renal and cardiovascular disease in diabetic patients. 165 64

Nephrotic syndrome is defined as proteinuria sufficiently severe to result in hypoalbuminaemia, oedema and hyperlipidaemia. The early modern history of this illness was characterised by the serendipitous development of renal biopsy technique at approximately the same time as the use of corticosteroids for nephrotic syndrome. The coincidence of these events set the stage for evaluating therapeutic response to corticosteroids and cytotoxic agents in relation to renal histology and ultimate clinical outcome. The International Study of Kidney Disease in Children (ISKDC) was initiated in the 1960s as a multicentre study examining these relationships in children. Over the next decade this study, as well as contributions from other investigators, helped define optimum therapy for these children. It was determined that a child with nephrotic syndrome under the age of 6 years, who did not present with hypertension, azotaemia, hypocomplementaemia or signs of systemic illness, had an approximately 85% chance of responding to corticosteroid therapy. If only those children who had minimal change histology on biopsy were considered, 94% responded. The original regimen which is still used today, was 60 mg/m2 bsa/day prednisone administered on a 3 times per day dosage schedule for 4 weeks, followed by an additional 4 weeks of therapy at a dose of 40 mg/m2 bsa given as a single oral dose every other day. Of those who respond roughly one-third will have no relapses, while almost half will have frequent relapses (greater than or equal to 2 in 6 months) and the rest will have infrequent relapses. Patients in relapse are treated as at presentation but are usually converted to the 40 mg/m2 bsa dose when the urine has been free of protein for 3 days, and are then tapered off or maintained on this dose for several weeks, depending on the individual's history of relapses and incidence of side effects from corticosteroids. For those children who are suffering frequent relapses and severe corticosteroid side effects (e.g. growth failure, morbid obesity, aseptic necrosis of bone), cytotoxic agents were identified as providing long term remission. After inducing remission with conventional corticosteroid dosages, cyclophosphamide is administered at a dose of 2 mg/kg/day given as a single dose for 8 weeks. This regimen was shown to lead to approximately 70% of patients being in remission 2 years after completion of this course of therapy. Chlorambucil given at a dose of 0.2 mg/kg/day as a single oral dose has been equally efficacious.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Management of nephrotic syndrome in childhood. 171 84

The article presents an evaluation of an anti-influenza vaccination programme in a population at risk, with a special study of the general characteristics of the group of non-complying patients, and the possible relation of these characteristics with their conduct. Moreover, a study was made of the possible motives for not complying with the vaccination programme by means of a survey carried out by post and telephone in a representative sample of 108 individuals. A 34.77% of the registered population did not receive the anti-influenza vaccine, corresponding largely with the youngest age group (15 to 44 years) and there were no significant differences determined by sex or risk factor or doctor. A positive response was received from 75% of those surveyed, and the basic conclusions drawn were a low proportion of information error attributable to the programme (2.94%), and patient refusal as the principal cause of non-compliance (54.41%), followed by "other reasons" (hospitalisation, absence from home, etc.) (32.35%). The strategies that may be followed in the face of this problem require definition of the group of non-compliers, further understanding of the motives for their conduct, and educational measures to change their attitude. 95.9%). Incidence of hypertension and hyperlipemia was 56.2% and 47.3%. Late vascular events varied between 2.6% (nephropathy) and 19.5% (retinopathy). A total of 101 patients (44.6%) were unaware of the existence of diabetic health education programmes. Moreover, 68 (30.3%) declared that they had never received any previous information about their diabetes. Practical skills were evaluated on an individual basis.
 ...
PMID:[The evaluation of noncompliance in an anti-influenza vaccination program]. 175 43


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>