Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cardiovascular mortality and morbidity were assessed, after a mean follow-up period of 5 years, in an unselected series of 159 adults presenting with the nephrotic syndrome between 1972 and 1975. 60% of the deaths were attributed to terminal renal failure, and the incidence of deaths from ischaemic heart-disease (IHD) was not significantly above normal. The proportion of patients experiencing angina and intermittent claudication and the prevalence of ischaemic electrocardiographic changes did not differ significantly from those of a London control population. At follow-up, hypertension was significantly more common (p less than 0.001) in male nephrotic patients than in controls. Earlier reports of a greatly increased incidence of IHD in unselected patients with the nephrotic syndrome were not confirmed. Routine treatment of hyperlipidaemia in the nephrotic syndrome is not, therefore, recommended.
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PMID:Does the nephrotic syndrome increase the risk of cardiovascular disease? 9 Jul 59

Over a period of 6 weeks, 90 patients of both sexes (principally male) aged from 38 to 81 years were treated with Nico-Padutin forte (BAY b 7979; 40 units kallikrein + 300 mg inositol nicotinate) for chronic arterial disorders of the lower extremities. Positive therapeutic results were obtained in 82 cases (91.2%) with a dosage of 1 tablet 3 times daily. The effect of the treatment was assessed by the cardinal symptom of intermittent claudication. The walking test was used as the clinical parameter. The significant lowering of the raised blood lipid levels (both in the cholesterol and triglyceride ranges) by treatment with BAY b 7979 is to be considered relevant in the importance of hyperlipidemia as a risk factor in arterial vascular diseases. As long as the controindications (acute myocardial infarction, acute hemorrhages) were given attention, tolerance was outstanding.
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PMID:[Effective therapy of chronic arterial circulatory disorders with Nico-Padutin forte (author's transl)]. 82 53

From January 1, 1974, to January 1, 1976, 15 premenopausal women aged 35-48 years were treated for complaints of intermittent claudication. The pain generally occurred in the calves, and none felt pain at rest. All the patients used an oral contraceptive composed of a progestative and an estrogenic component, with average duration of use of 7 years. All the women were of small stature with normal weight. A systolic souffle could be heard above the bifurcation of the aorta. In all patients an angiographic examination revealed local obstruction in the distal aorta, a gracile vascular system, and the absence of defects of the arteries outside the distal part of the aorta. No defects were found in other vessels, and there were no indications that hypertension, excessive smoking, hypercholesterolemia, or hyperlipidemia played a role in the cases. Local end-artereictomy of the distal aorta via a median laparotomy was the treatment. The part of the aorta wall that was removed showed signs of arterioschlerosis obliterans. There were no complaints of symptoms during the follow-up which ranged from 3 months to 2 years. A correlation is suggested between the defects of the distal aorta and prolonged use of oral contraceptives.
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PMID:Intermittent claudication in premenopausal women. A correlation with the long-term use of oral contraceptives? 86 65

Low density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis was carried out in 28 atherosclerotic patients with clinical signs of poor peripheral circulation and abnormally high LDL levels. The LDL apheresis using extracorporeal adsorption with a dextran sulfate cellulose column (Liposorber, Kaneka, Japan) was done 10 times over 3 months. Hyperlipidemia was rapidly corrected after the initial two aphereses, whereas clinical signs of arteriosclerosis obliterans (ASO), such as coldness of the legs in 17 of 19 patients (89.5%), intermittent claudication in 14 of 17 patients (82.4%), foot pain at rest in 15 of 18 patients (83.3%), poor arterial pulsation in 12 of 16 patients (75.0%), and diminution of ulcer/necrosis in 3 of 5 patients (60.0%), improved in parallel. Improvement in plethysmographic and thermographic findings were observed in 10 of 10 patients (100.0%) and 13 of 14 patients (92.9%), respectively. Our tentative conclusion is that LDL apheresis using the Liposorber system was very effective in removing LDL from blood, and clinical symptoms rapidly improved in all patients concomitant with a reduction in plasma LDL levels. Hyperlipidemia may be a risk factor for symptomatic ASO in the lower extremities, and its active correction may be worth trying.
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PMID:LDL apheresis in atherosclerotic disease with hyperlipidemia. 145 97

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may develop premature atherosclerosis, notably coronary artery disease. A group of 10 patients with peripheral vascular disease presenting with intermittent claudication or gangrene were studied from a group of 563 patients followed prospectively at the Wellesley Hospital Lupus Clinic. These 10 patients were compared with the next lupus clinic patient matched for age and sex, with respect to demographic characteristics and risk factors. The patients and controls did not differ significantly in lupus activity criteria count, partial thromboplastin time, the number with antibody to cardiolipin, number receiving steroids or mean steroid dose, family history of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, hypertension or use of oral contraceptives. The risk factors for developing peripheral vascular disease were a longer duration of systemic lupus erythematosus and a longer duration of use of steroids. Eight of the 10 patients had coexistent coronary artery disease or transient ischaemic attack.
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PMID:Peripheral vascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 154 39

The aim of this study is to describe the clinical characteristics and the pathological mechanisms of carotid transient ischemic attacks (TIA) in 117 patients which were hospitalised for such symptoms. Our results show a male predominance, except for age group under 40 and over 79 years. The principal cardiovascular index and risk factors are: arterial hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, vascular intermittent claudication and hematocrit greater than 46%. Amongst our patients, 17% with hemispherical and mixed TIAs had a cerebral infarction proved by CT-Scan, the recent aspect and localisation of which were compatible with symptoms. The atherosclerotic causes are more frequently associated with mixed and retinal TIAs than hemispheric TIAs. This fact may be attributed to a larger proportion of stenotic atherosclerotic lesions by mixed TIAs than hemispheric ones. The cardiac embolic pathogenic mechanism is responsible for 11% of TIAs if considered individually; of 5% if associated with carotid atherosclerosis.
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PMID:[Transitory carotid ischemic attacks: clinical and pathogenic aspects]. 172 4

A growing proportion of over 65-year-old persons in the population will increasingly confront physicians with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Intermittent claudication is the characteristic symptom of stage II disease at which most patients consult their physician. Known risk factors like cigarette smoking, diabetes, hypertension and hyperlipidemia have to be assessed. Manifestations of atherosclerosis in other vascular beds such as carotids and coronaries should be sought. Clinical angiologic evaluation with inspection, palpation of pulses, auscultation of vessels at rest and after exercise as well as measurement of the walking distance permits assessment of peripheral perfusion quite well. Oscillography and Doppler-sonography are increasingly used. Duplex-scanning can replace angiography in many cases. Conventional and digital subtraction-angiography have their specific uses. Diagnostic and therapeutic measures recommended for peripheral arterial occlusive disease are summarized.
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PMID:[Rational approach to peripheral arterial occlusive diseases]. 227 Mar 76

Femoral arteriography was performed in 62 patients with significant hyperlipidemia. Sixty were asymptomatic and two had intermittent claudication. The patients participated in a study aiming to demonstrate whether serum lipid lowering by drugs could influence the development of femoral artery atheromatous disease. Half of the patients were treated with fenofibrate and nicotinic acid and the other half served as a control group. At the first arteriography atherosclerotic lesions were found in 46 of the 62 patients (74%). Arteriography was repeated up to three times without complication. Visual analysis of angiograms revealed considerable inter-observer variation. An attempt was made to assess the angiograms by a computerized method which, however, still needs improvement and a computer designed for image analysis. Most patients had small or moderate atheromatous deposits in the femoral artery at the initial examination, in most cases showing no change during the study period of 18 months. Regression was found in five patients of the treated group, but in none of the control patients as judged by visual gradation (p less than 0.001).
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PMID:Repeat femoral arteriography in hyperlipidemic patients. A study of progression and regression of atherosclerosis. 296 99

Because patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) may be asymptomatic or may present with atypical symptoms or findings, the true population prevalence of PAD is essentially unknown. We used four highly reliable, sophisticated noninvasive tests (segmental blood pressure, flow velocity by Doppler ultrasound, postocclusive reactive hyperemia, and pulse reappearance half-time) to assess the prevalence of large-vessel PAD and small-vessel PAD in an older (average age 66 years) defined population of 613 men and women. A total of 11.7% of the population had large-vessel PAD on noninvasive testing, and nearly half of those with large-vessel PAD also had small-vessel PAD (5.2%). An additional 16.0% of the population had isolated small-vessel PAD. Large-vessel PAD increased dramatically with age and was slightly more common in men and in subjects with hyperlipidemia. Isolated small-vessel PAD, by contrast, was essentially unrelated to sex, hyperlipidemia, or age, although it was somewhat less common before age 60. Intermittent claudication rates in this population were 2.2% in men and 1.7% in women, and abnormalities in femoral or posterior tibial pulse were present in 20.3% of men and 22.1% of women compared with the noninvasively assessed large-vessel PAD rate of 11.7%. Thus assessment of large-vessel PAD prevalence by intermittent claudication dramatically underestimated the true large-vessel PAD prevalence and assessment by peripheral pulse examination dramatically overestimated the true prevalence.
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PMID:The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population. 315 6

The effect of plasma lipid reduction on the progression of femoral atherosclerosis was studied in hyperlipidaemic patients with stable intermittent claudication. 24 patients were randomly assigned to treatment and usual-care groups, the former receiving dietary advice and cholestyramine, nicotinic acid, or clofibrate depending on their lipoprotein phenotype. Biplanar arteriography was performed when the study began and after a mean period of 19 months. Angiograms were assessed visually, with blinding, and by computerised image analysis. Therapy reduced mean plasma total cholesterol by 25%, mean low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol by 28%, and mean plasma triglycerides by 45%. Significantly fewer arterial segments showed detectable progression of atherosclerosis in the treatment group. The mean increase in plaque area (mm2/segment/year) in the treatment group was only one third of that in the usual-care group. The mean increase in edge irregularity index (a measure of the severity of disease) in the treatment group was only 40% of that in the usual care group. Twice as many arterial segments showed improvement in the treatment group. In both groups changes in edge irregularity index were directly related to plasma LDL cholesterol concentration. This study, the first randomised controlled trial of its type, provides evidence that effective treatment of hyperlipidaemia favourably influences the natural history of symptomatic peripheral atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Treatment of hyperlipidaemia retards progression of symptomatic femoral atherosclerosis. A randomised controlled trial. 613 93


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