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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In an attempt to assess cardiac risk in non-cardiac surgery, 1001 patients over 40 years of age who underwent major operative procedures were examined preoperatively, observed through surgery, studied with at least one postoperative electrocardiogram, and followed until hospital discharge or death. Documented postoperative myocardial infarction occurred in only 18 patients; though most of these patients had some pre-existing heart disease, there were few preoperative factors which were statistically correlated with postoperative infarction. Postoperative pulmonary edema was strongly correlated with preoperative heart failure, but 21 of the 36 patients who developed pulmonary edema did not have any prior history of heart failure. Nearly all of these 21 patients were elderly, had abnormal preoperative electrocardiograms, and had intraabdominal or intrathoracic surgery. In the absence of an acute infarction, bifascicular conduction defects, with or without PR interval prolongation, never progressed to complete heart block. Spinal anesthesia protected against postoperative heart failure but not against other cardiac complication. By multivariate regression analysis, postoperative cardiac death was significantly correlated with (a) myocardial infarction in the previous 6 months; (b) third heart sound or jugular venous distention immediately preoperatively; (c) more than five premature ventricular contractions per minute documented at any time preoperatively; (d) rhythm other than sinus, or premature atrial contractions on preoperative electrocardiogram; (e) age over 70 years; (f) significant valvular aortic stenosis; (g) emergency operation; (h) a 33% or greater fall in systolic blood pressure for more than 10 minutes intraoperatively. Notably unimportant factors included smoking, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, peripheral atherosclerotic vascular disease, angina, and distant myocardial infarction.
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PMID:Cardiac risk factors and complications in non-cardiac surgery. 66 58

Repeatedly-bred, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats which develop hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis spontaneously were killed at sequential time intervals, i.e., when the females had completed 1, 2, 3 and 4 pregnancies. The control breeders received no treatment; the experimental animals were given 113 mg of clofibrate/100 g of b.w., subcutaneously, daily, 5 times per week. Clofibrate-treated breeders manifested reduction in blood pressure and in the incidence and severity of arterial disease characteristic of repeatedly-bred rats. The aortic lesions of the clofibrate-treated breeders showed attenuation of the usual severe ground substance alterations, the degenerative changes in connective tissue elements, e.g., fibrosis and elastosis, and absence of calcification and cartilaginous metaplasia. Clofibrate-treated breeders did not show any unusual elevation in serum enzymes, e.g., CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH, or significant reduction of their hyperlipidemia. They manifested a definite reduction in adrenocortical and medullary histopathology and their circulating corticosterone levels were subnormal compared to non-treated breeders. It is suggested that the protective effect of clofibrate was mediated through its ability to block normal adrenal steroidogenic pathways rather than through its antilipemic action.
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PMID:Clofibrate retardation of naturally-occurring arteriosclerosis in repeatedly-bred male and female rats. 66 83

Coronary arteriography was performed because of suspected coronary disease in 239 women less than 45 years of age. Normal coronary arteries were found in 112 women, and a further 23 had insignificant stenosis (less than 50 percent narrowing of luminal diameter). Of the remaining 104 women, 56 had one vessel, 22 two vessel and 26 three vessel disease. Hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, smoking and a family history of coronary disease were significantly more frequent in women with significant stenosis than in women with normal arteries. Significant coronary disease was found in 55 percent (100 of 182) of women with more than two risk factors but in only 7 percent (4 of 57) of those with less than two risk factors (P less than 0.0001). Evaluation of symptoms and the resting electrocardiogram also discriminated between women with and without coronary disease, but exercise testing was of little value. Only 4 of the 46 women with previous myocardial infarction had normal or near-normal coronary arteries. Among women with segmental wall motion abnormalities on ventriculography, the site was anterior in 90 percent (19 of 21) of women who used oral contraceptive drugs but in only 60 percent (21 of 35) of nonusers (P less than 0.05). However, in most respects, coronary artery disease in young women does not appear to differ from coronary disease in other patients.
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PMID:Coronary artery disease in young women: clinical and angiographic features and correlation with risk factors. 67 35

Identification of patients at risk for stroke and institution of medical management to reduce risk are the essentials of preventing stroke. Optometrists can play a role in the prevention by identifying patients at risk and directing them to appropriate medical care. The paper reviews the pathogenesis and clinical presentation of thrombotic, embolic and hemorrhagic stroke. The profile of potential victims is outlined with emphasis upon risk factors which may present in optometric patients; hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, unruptured aneurysm, retinal emboli, and transient ischemic attacks.
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PMID:Identification of the patient at risk: an optometric role in the prevention of stroke. 69 Mar 72

One of the major problems being researched and studied by the World Health Organization is the incidence of harmful side effects in users of steroid contraceptives. A literature search indicates that Anglo-Saxon countries report alarming hyperplastic changes, particularly in the liver, blood clots, hyperlipidemia leading to high blood pressure, porphyria, atypical leiomyomas and cervical hyperplasia. Currently attention is being focused on the relationship between steroid contraceptives and breast cancer. Fazala and Paffenbarger in their study of 1770 women found such benign changes as fibroadenoma, mastopathia fibrosa cystica and papilloma intraductale. In women who had used oral contraceptives for 2-4 yrs, malignancies were 1.9% to 2.5% more frequent than in non-users; in 6 yrs of use, 11 times greater than in non-users. Estrogens, particularly mestranol has been recognized as being harmful to the liver. Length of usage is a definite factor. Beginning with 1960, relatively frequent occurrences of hepotoma in young women on the pill were noted. Caught at an early stage, peliosis hepatis can be reversed if the patient discontinues the use of contraceptives. In some cases, even after a long interval of 6 months to 10 yrs, the disease continued to develop. Liver cell adenoma in the U. S. occurs 1/500,00 to 1/1,000,000. After 5 to 7 yrs of using oral contraceptives, the chance of developing liver cell adenoma is 5 times greater; after 10 yrs of use, 35 times greater. Hepatomas rupture in 43.4% of cases when the patient had been on a contraceptive, while in only 22.2% in cases of non-users. The literature which the author investigated did not establish a clear proof that the hyperplastic changes discussed were due exclusively to usage of oral contraceptives.
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PMID:[Hyperplastic changes and oral contraceptives in Anglo-Saxon countries]. 69 6

Coronary heart disease (CHD) remains an uncommon disorder in the South African Black population. It has been suggested that herein lies an enigma, since it is believed that these people are considerably exposed to the conventional risk factors for CHD. To test this belief I have assessed the exposure of Black people, in time and degree, to the following CHD risk factors: affluence, age, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, dietary excess, smoking, physical inactivity, diabetes, obesity, hyperuricaemia and hyperinsulinism. Among males only hypertension, and among females only hypertension and obesity, emerged as prominent factors. However, neither of these is significantly atherogenic in the social, nutritional and metabolic milieu in which Blacks generally live, and obesity is a doubtful atherogenic factor, even in westernized populations. It is therefore concluded that the rarity of CHD in Blacks is not enigmatic, but is appropriate to their environmental circumstances.
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PMID:The rarity of coronary heart disease in South African blacks. 69 6

In order to evaluate the importance of measuring serum lipids in the current care of diabetics, blood triglycerides were measured in 155 diabetics and 59 controls. Comparison with a chemical method confirmed the usefulness of the nephelometric method for the diagnosis and control of hyperlipemia in current practice. The importance of measuring serum lipids was confirmed by a close correlation between lipemia and cardiovascular complications such as coronary insufficiency, high blood pressure, and peripheral arterial insufficiency. It appeared also that glycemia and cholesterol are not sufficient to assess the biological pattern and prognosis of diabetes. Thus, lipemia is an essential parameter in the evaluation of any diabetic because of its value regarding prognosis and control therapy.
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PMID:Usefulness of serum lipid determination in diabetic practice. 71 68

The differences in cardiovascular health status between participants and non-participants were examined in a population-based cardiovascular study. Telephone interviews with non-respondents revealed generally more cardiovascular disease but less hyperlipidemia and family history of cardiovascular disease. Non-respondents did not differ regarding known hypertension, diet or drug therapy for hyperlipidemia, or egg use. Non-respondents were more likely to be cigarette smokers. Because the amount of non-respondent bias in the study was small while the response rate was high, respondents were generally representative of the target population. However, the observed differences could have produced spuriously high estimates of risk factor prevalence, low estimates of disease prevalence, and biased relative risks if the non-response rate and/or the baseline differences had been considerably larger.
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PMID:Differences between respondents and non-respondents in a population-based cardiovascular disease study. 72 5

Despite frequently good early successes the several therapeutic methods of obesity show in general unsatisfactory long-term results with large numbers of recidivations. Considering non-existing causal-therapeutic possibilities in the present paper in reported on a complex and differentiated therapeutic programme in 549 obese persons. After an initial subtotal fasting cure of ca. 100 kcal/a day with gradual increase of diet in more than half the obese persons an additional differentiated pharmacotherapy was performed. The indications resulted above all from the frequent syntropy with diabetes mellitus (28%), arterial hypertension (23%) and hyperlipidaemia (14%). In 122 test persons (adipose patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia and extremely obese patients without essential factors of risk, respectively) a treatment with 2 x 50 microgram tri-iodothyronine--partly in combination with diuretics--was performed in intermittent and gradually decreasing dosage. Apart from a vast normalisation of the lipid parameters a reduction of weight from 32.6 +/- 14.8 kg could be achieved after 31 +/- 14 months. Of 131 adipose hypertensive patients 74 received additionally diuretics on account of increased water retention with also good long-term results concerning the reduction of weight and normalisation of blood pressure. The biguanides were a therapeutic enrichment particularly in the treatment of adipose elderly diabetics with obligatory diet. Apart from an improvement of the carbohydrate tolerance regularly a more intensive reduction of weight was obtained.
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PMID:[Indications and results of an additional differentiated pharmacotherapy of obesity]. 73 44

Ten thousand self-referred Sydney inhabitants were screened for major coronary risk factors over one year. Individual "problems" were referred to general practitioners for further assessment and treatment. Seventy-four per cent of subjects have attended a general practitioner where relevant. For subjects under 65 years, 29% had unsuspected hyperlipidaemia, 11% had unsuspected hypertension, and 0.6% had unsuspected diabetes. Nineteen per cent of subjects reported a past history of hypertension, of whom 46% appeared to be well-controlled (diastolic blood pressure less than 95 mmHg). The numbers of cigarette smokers fell with increasing age. Considering hyperlipidaemia, hypertension and cigarette smoking in subjects under 40 years of age, 10.4% of males and 4.9% of females had two or more coronary risk factors. Three hundred and fifty-four subjects selected at random, who claimed to be receiving treatment as a result of initial screening were invited for retesting eight and 15 months later. Significant falls were noted in body weight, blood pressure, and plasma cholesterol readings.
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PMID:Coronary risk factor screening and long-term follow up: year 1 of the Sydney Coronary Heart Disease Prevention Programme. 73 32


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