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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Of two patients with type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia, one exhibited lipemia retinalis with multiple retinal hemorrhages and intraretinal lipid extravasations. Postmortem examination showed hemorrhages in the inner retinal layers and lipid deposits largely in the outer plexiform layer. Lipid within the walls of the retinal vessels was demonstrated by light and electron microscopy. The second patient exhibited visual loss due to progressive obstruction of retinal vessels with white material presumed to be lipid. Findings were confined to one eye.
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PMID:The retina in type 5 hyperlipoproteinemia. 18 Aug 10

The demonstration in certain sera by electrophoresis an Agar gel, according to Noble's technique, of a further band of intermediate pre-betalipoprotein, between the betalipoproteins and the usual rapid pre-betalipoproteins, led to the designation of this fraction under the name of slow pre-betalipoprotein or pre-beta-lipoprotein. To the rare studies so far published on this subject, we bring here our contribution in the form of a routine analysis of the variations, and not only the presence, but also the relative concentration of the slow pre-beta-lipoproteins with regard to the rapid prebetalipoproteins. On the fasting serum, after 12 hours fasting, comparative studies of normal control subjects (104 cases) of essential hypercholesterolemia, with or without tendinous xanthomas, corresponding to type IIa (110 cases), mixed hyperlipidemia of type II + IV or III, on paper electrophoresis, corresponds usually to type IIb (204 cases) and, finally, massive endogenous hypertriglyceridemia, corresponding to type IV (95 cases). These indicate clearly the elective concentration of the band of slow pre-betalipoproteins persisting after 12 hours fasting in cases of mixed hyperlipidemia (73% of cases), whilst it is rare in the other groups (no more than 5% of cases). A more complete study of 204 cases of mixed hyperlipidemia showed that the high frequency of slow pre-betalipoproteins is situated in a fairly narrow range of relatively moderate hypertriglyceridemia, between the lower limit of 1.50 and the upper limit of 6 to 7 g/l: the maximum frequency and intensity is situated within the area of 2.50 to 4 g/l. The cases who have already had cardiovascular accidents are more often found to have this band than the cases without complications in a fairly similar age group. However, longitudinal studies, both midterm in relation to therapeutic correction, and short term throughout the day or between the 8th and 12th hour of fasting, have clearly revealed the potential labile nature of this fraction, and show the pathological nature of its sometimes massive persistence beyond the 8th hour and even beyond the 12th hour of fasting. This is a sign of pathological blocking of its transformation rather than of a constitutional lipoprotein abnormality.
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PMID:[Detection and distriburion of slow pre-betalipoprotein in agar gel electrophoresis of total serum in 204 cases of mixed hyperlipidemia]. 18 Aug 62

A subnormal activity of postheparin plasma hepatic lipase was demonstrated in nine of 16 patients with familial type II hypercholesterolemia. On the other hand, in patients with combined hyperlipidemia (type II b) the hepatic lipase activity was mostly in upper normal range. The postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase activity was normal in both patient groups. It is suggested that the low hepatic lipase activity may have a role in the patholgenesis of one form of familial hypercholesterolemia.
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PMID:Low postheparin plasma hepatic lipase activity in familial type IIa hyperlipoproteinemia. 18 Aug 67

Blood lipid values, clinical data and effects of therapy are reported on 74 patients with hyperlipidemia and xanthomatosis. A natural subdivision into two groups was observed on the basis of low density lipoprotein lipid values: one corresponding to Frederickson's type II, characterized by elevated low density lipoproteins, tendinous xanthomata, absence of eruptive xanthomata and a high incidence of cardiovascular diseases and the other resembling Frederickson's type III, with elevated very low density lipoproteins, eruptive xanthomata, xanthomata striata palmaria, elevated cholesterol/triglyceride ratios in the very low density lipoproteins and irregular appearance of floating beta lipoproteins. The latter group consisted of 32 patients in whom cardiovascular symptoms were relatively rare, despite mean cholesterol levels of 500 mg/dl.
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PMID:Primary hyperlipoproteinemia in xanthomatosis. 18 Nov 83

Polyunsaturated meat and dairy products were compared with their saturated counterparts to determine their usefulness in a fat-modified diet for hyperlipidemic persons and their spouses. These polyunsaturated animal products were produced by feeding cattle a supplement of oil droplets coated with denatured protein. As a result, the polyunsaturated fatty acid content was 27 to 28 per cent of the meat fat and butterfat; saturated fatty acids (C12:0 to tc16:0) were 18 to 19 per cent. Of the eleven free-living subjects three were normocholesteremic, three had type IIa hyperlipidemia and five had type VI (IIb). In the fourteen-week study, an adjustment period of three weeks was followed by two consecutive experimental periods of four weeks each, then by a three-week follow-up period. During the adjustment period, participants continued to follow their usual eating patterns. During both experimental periods all followed the same prescribed fat modified food pattern using polyunsaturated margarine and oil. Five participants ate polyunsaturated beef and dairy products during the first experimental period and their saturated counterparts in the second; six participants ate saturated products first, then polyunsaturated. During the follow-up period, all participants selected all their own food. Serum cholesterol levels in five participants who had not previously followed a fat-modified diet were reduced by 18 per cent with polyunsaturated animal products and 11 per cent with saturated products. Serum cholesterol in six participants, previously on a fat-modified diet, was not significantly changed with polyunsaturated products. In ten of eleven participants, serum cholesterol levels were an average of 6 per cent lower with polyunsaturated products than with saturated products. It is concluded that polyunsaturated animal products are suitable for use in fat-modified food patterns for reducing hyperlipidemia, with some restrictions in the amount of polyunsaturated animal fat and with the inclusion of polyunsaturated oil and margarine.
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PMID:Polyunsaturated meat and dairy products in fat-modified food patterns for hyperlipidemia. 18 13

The metabolism of lipoprotein-apoprotein was examined in four subjects with normal lipid metabolism and in one subject with type II hyperlipemia by means of isotopic tracer methodology. Studies were performed after intravenous injection of a radioactive amino acid precursor for apoprotein synthesis (75Se-selenomethionine), in both the basal state and following the acute injection of intravenous heparin. Computer technics were used to evaluate a series of multicompartmental models, and a general model is proposed that yields optimum fitting of experimental data for serum free amino acid precursor, very-low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein (VLD-apoprotein), and low-density lipoprotein-apoprotein (LDL-apoprotein) in man. The analysis demonstrates that approximately half of the transport of 75Se-apoVLDL from the plasma VLDL pool is converted to 75Se-apoLDL. The acute injection of heparin in two normal subjects results in a two-and-a-half-fold increase in this rate of conversion of 75Se-apoVLDL to 75Se-apoLDL. 75Se-apoLDL is metabolized by rapid transport into a recycling extravascular pool and by irreversible catabolism. The fractional rate of recycling is large relative to the fractional rate of catabolism of apoLDL (3.7:1.0), suggesting extravascular recycling as a potential site of regulation of the plasma concentration of apoLDL. In a patient with type II hyperlipemia, the extravascular recycling pathway is reduced and is not corrected with D-thyroxine therapy. However, this therapy did reduce conversion of apoVLDL to apoLDL in this type II patient. The kinetic data support the validity of the compartmental model in simulating both normal and pathologic apoprotein metabolism and that perturbation of physiology seen with heparin injection and D-thyroxine therapy. These data support a quantitative role of apoVLDL as a precursor of apoLDL and identify an important recycling pathway of apoLDL metabolism in addition to that of catabolism.
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PMID:Incorporation of 75Se-selenomethionine into human apoproteins. III. Kinetic behavior of isotopically labeled plasma apoprotein in man. 18 7

In order to compare in vitro and in vivo aspects of lipid metabolism and lipoprotein secretion associated with the hyperlipemia of saturated fat feeding, gerbils were fed a diet containing 15% coconut oil or safflower oil for 6 weeks. In vitro incorporation of fatty acid was determined by measuring 14C-oleic acid incorporation into hepatic lipis in liver fasting gerbils following Triton WR1339 injection. The plasma lipoprotein profile was assessed by agarose electrophoresis. Coconut oil produced a hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia associated with the appearance of very low density migrating lipoprotein, not seen with the safflower oil. Coconut oil also increased the hepatic triglyceride content, enhanced 14C-oleic acid incorporation into total lipid, and favored fatty acid incorporation into triglyceride; safflower oil facilitated esterification of oleic acid into phospholipid. Triton blockade of gerbils fed safflower oil resulted in twice the triglyceride secretion rate of those fed coconut oil. Our interpretation of the data is that dietary polyunsaturated fat favors incorporation of fatty acids into phospholipid, enhances both triglyceride secretion and the plasma transport and clearance of triglyceride and cholesterol and that the hyperlipemia of coconut oil feeding reflects a reduced metabolic clearnace of circulating lipid associated with that dietary fat.
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PMID:Effect of dietary fat on hepatic metabolism of 14C-oleic acid and very low density lipoprotein triglyceride in the gerbil. 18 36

Nine patients underwent partial ileal bypass as management for heterozygous type II hyperlipidemia. The average age of this group was 12.5 yr. Follow-up has ranged from 1 to 6 yr. The growth and development of these children proceeded normally. The overall average serum cholesterol reduction was 33% when compared to the preoperative but postdietary control value. Side effects of the procedure include transient diarrhea and inability to absorb vitamin B12, requiring periodic parenteral administration. Partial ileal bypass has been shown to be an effective and obligatory method of treatment of hypercholesterolemia in children.
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PMID:Treatment of heterozygous type II hyperlipidemia by partial ileal bypass in a pediatric population. 18 51

The major plasma lipoproteins of the adult sheep were high density lipoprotein (76%) having alpha-mobility on electrophoresis and low density lipoprotein (20%) having beta-mobility. Chylomicrons and very low density lipoproteins were minor constituents (less than 5%). The postabsorptive hyperlipidaemia in suckling lambs is mainly a result of increased concentration of low density and high density lipoproteins although the relative contribution of very low density lipoproteins was increased to 7-15% of the total lipoproteins. The hyperlipiaemia was markedly greater in an intact male lamb than in female or castrated male lambs. In suckling lambs a new lipoprotein (density 1-090 g/ml) appeared in the high density lipoprotein fraction but disappeared before weaning.
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PMID:Plasma lipoproteins of lambs and sheep. 18 30

The effects of ethanol on plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations and on the fecal excretion of neutral sterols and bile acids were studied in three patients with ethanol-induced hyperlipidemia and in four normolipidemic men. In the three patients, plasma triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations were much higher with ethanol than during periods when ethanol was isocalorically substituted with either carbohydrate or both fat and carbohydrate. In the normolipidemic subjects, plasma lipids especially in very low density lipoproteins, were higher with ethanol consumption only in comparison with a balanced diet but not when compared with carbohydrate-rich diets. Triglyceride enrichment of low density lipoproteins occurred uniformly with ethanol. Total sterol excretion, measured by isotope dilution and chemical assay, was similar during ethanol and control periods in two out of the three hyperlipidemic subjects. However, the proportion of bile acids was increased in all three hyperlipidemic subjects but in only one normolipidemic subject while on ethanol. Since cholesterol turnover did not appear to be necessarily influenced by ethanol, as judged either by total endogenous sterol excretion or from the slope of the plasma cholesterol specific radioactivity-time curve, the ethanol-induced increase in bile acid excretion amy not be analogous to other clinical disorders in which increased bile acid excretion and hypertriglyceridemia are associated with raised sterol production.
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PMID:Effects of ethanol on bile acid and cholesterol metabolism. 18 92


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