Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. In order to study lipoprotein (LP) abnormalities in asymptomatic subjects with hyperlipidaemia, serum cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) were determined in about 20 000 active professional men and women attending a health control linked to their employment. 2. Quantitative LP analysis with preparative ultracentrifugation, separating very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density LP was subsequently performed on the sera of 314 asymptomatic subjects, who at the screening had serum cholesterol larger than or equal to 350 mg/100 ml and/or TG larger than or equal to 3.5 mmol/l. Cholesterol and TG concentrations were serum and on the top and bottom fractions after separation in the ultracentrifuge at d=1.006. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) was based on the concentration of VLDL TG and LDL cholesterol and in addition, in the case of type III and V HLP, the presence of a "floating beta" LP and fasting chylomicronaemia, respectively. 3. To illustrate the lipid values in the screened total population distributions of serum cholesterol and TG are given in the age range 41-45 years. In this age range mean serum cholesterol in fasting/non-fasting state was 239+/-2/238+/-1 mg/100 ml in males and 232+/-2/239+/-2 mg/100 ml in females.
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PMID:Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. I. Types of hyperlipoproteinaemias and serum lipoprotein concentrations, compositions and interrelations. 17 Jul 99

1. To determine lipoprotein (LP) abnormalities, clinical characteristics and preclinical signs of atherosclerosis in asymptomatic subjects with hyperlipidaemia serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) concentrations were determined in 20,000 subjects attending a health control centre linked to their employment. 2. Three hundred and fourteen asymptomatic subjects with serum cholesterol larger than or equal to 350 mg/100 ml and/or TG larger than or equal to 3.50 mmol/l in the screening test but without signs or symptoms of secondary hyperlipideaemia or history of cardiovascular disease were examined further. 3. LP analysis with preparative ultracentrifugation separating very lof cholestrol and TG concentrations in each fraction was performed. LP paper electrophoresis was run on while serum and on top and bottom fractions after separation in the ultracentrifuge at d=1.006. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) was performed according to WO based upon the values of for VLDL and LDL. Exercise ECG was performed on a heart rate controlled bicycle ergometer. The subjects worked at constant predetermined heart rates. ECG at rest and furing exercise was interpreted without knowledge of whether or not the subject has HLP and coded according to the Minnesota criteria. Digital pulse plethysmography was performed on the lower limbs....
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PMID:Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. Clinical, biochemical and physiological investigations. 17 Aug

Among approximately 20,000 apparently healthy subjects whose serum cholesterol and triglyceride (TG) values were screened at a health examination, those with the most pronounced hyperlipidaemia have been selected for further studies. Thus, 188 males and 126 females, aged 30-65 years, with asymptomatic primary hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) and 59 male and 69 female controls with non-elevated serum lipids were studied with regard to frequency of ST segment depressions during exercise to near maximal heart rate. Furthermore, the concentrations of cholesterol and TG were determined in the lipoprotein (LP) classes very low (VLDL), low (LDL) and high (HDL) density LP, separated by preparative ultracentrifugation. From the LP analysis each subject's HLP was classified according to the typing system of HLP recommended by the WHO. The frequency of ST depressions (Minnesota code 4.1-4.3 as well as 4.1-4.4) increased with age, was higher in females than in males and was increased in all types of HLP in males. The percentage frequencies of ST depressions 4.1-4.4 in the various types of HLP were (male/female, p against controls): controls 16/36, type IIA 50 (p less than 0.01)/56, type IIB 64 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.01)/75 (p less than 0.05), type III 67 (p less than 0.01)/33 and type IV HLP 40 (p less than 0.01/53. There was no significant difference in the frequencies of ST depressions in subjects with "high" and "low" BP (hypertensives were excluded from the study) or in subjects with "high" and "low" k-value for the i.v. glucose tolerance. Non-smokers had a tendency to higher frequencies of ST depressions than smokers. The association between different LPs and other "risk factors" and the occurrence of ST depressions in HLP were studied further with multiple regression analysis. Invariably age was the best predictor of ST depressions. The LP fraction giving the highest correlation coefficient was LDL cholesterol in both sexes. VLDL TG and LDL TG were also positively and significantly associated with ST depressions. HDL cholesterol was negatively but insignificantly correlated to ST depressions. When age and LDL cholesterol had been entered into the multiple regression, the only factor giving further significance was VLDL TG in males. Probability tables for the occurrence of ST depressions considering age and different levels of LDL cholesterol and VLDL TG were given. The importance of simultaneous consideration of both VLDL TG and LDL cholesterol in ST segment depression was evident from the tables. Of other "risk factors" (BP, glucose tollerance, smoking, ESR) entered into the regression together with only age and the LPs, only ESR contributed with borderline significance to ST depressions.
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PMID:Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia. IV. ECG at rest and during exercise and its relation to various lipoprotein classes. 17 Jul 96

We investigated the possibility of a drug interaction between the antilipemic agent halofenate and sulfonylureas. Twelve young, healthy men were given 1 g of tolbutamide by mouth before and after 12 days of double-blind treatment with 1 g per day of halofenate, or placebo. There was a significant increase in serum tolbutamide at eight, 10 and 12 hours (P less than 0.01) and a significant (P less than 0.01) decrease in serum glucose at one, four and six hours after halofenate treatment, but not after placebo. In a long-term, double-blind study of halofenate or clofibrate treatment of patients with Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia, diabetic patients receiving a sulfonylurea and halofenate either required a reduction in the dose of the sulfonylurea or demonstrated significantly improved control of hyperglycemia (P less than 0.05) or both. No appreciable decrease in serum glucose levels was noted in diabetic patients receiving sulfonylurea and clofibrate. This interaction between halofenate and sulfonylureas is clinically important, especially in view of the association of hyperlipemia and diabetes.
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PMID:Potentiation of hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylureas by halofenate. 17 74

Beagle dogs, 24 +/- 6 months old, fed a thiouracil-free semi-synthetic diet containing hydrogenated coconut oil and cholesterol (SS diet) for 12 months, developed marked hyperlipidemia and severe atherosclerosis. SS diet produced a marked elevation of serum cholesterol, triglyceride, phospholipid, and beta-lipoprotein and severe atherosclerosis in large and small arteries. Intimal fatty lesions were always present in the abdominal aorta and many of its branches. Large and small coronary arteries showed similar lesions. The degree of atherosclerosis was directly related to circulating lipid levels. Dextrothyroxine, at dose levels of 0.1 (equivalent to normal human dose) and 0.5 mg/kg body weight, produced a significant dose related lowering of serum lipids and was associated with a markedly decreased severity of aortic and coronary artery lesions. Untreated control dogs that were maintained on purina dog meal developed neither hyperlipidemia nor atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Effects of dextrothyroxine on hyperlipidemia and experimental atherosclerosis in beagle dogs. 17 95

A case of plane xanthomatosis associated with multiple myeloma and hyperlipoproteinaemia in a 62-year-old woman is reported. The patient had IgG type lambda paraproteinaemia and type II A hyperlipoproteinaemia. The IgG paraprotein showed binding activity against high-density lipoprotein. It could not be demonstrated that these paraprotein-lipoprotein complexes were responsible for the hyperlipidaemia. Microchemical analysis of pathological skin demonstrated a high content of triglycerides, similar to that in eruptive xanthomata. No correlation was found between the lipid composition of the xanthomatous skin and the serum lipid composition. The results obtained with an in vitro culture method showed that the paraprotein present in the patient's serum was synthesized in the bone marrow but not in the normal or pathological skin.
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PMID:Plane xanthomata associated with multiple myeloma and hyperlipoproteinaemia. 17 8

The faecal output of bile acids and endogenous neutral steroids was increased in three hypertriglyceridaemic patients. One patient had familail type IIb, one had type IV and the third had type V hyperlipoproteinaemia. The hyperlipidaemia in the type IV and type V patients was associated with diabetes and a high alcohol intake. The plasma cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and the faecal output of bile acids decreased significantly when the type IIb patient was given D-thyroxine plus propranolol, and when the type IV and type V patients were treated by withdrawal of alcohol, a low=carbohydrate diet and insulin or glibenclamide. The findings are discussed in relation to the possibility that hypertriglyceridaemia and increased bile acid synthesis in these patients have a common metabolic origin.
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PMID:Cholesterol metabolism in hypertriglyceridaemia and the effects of treatment. 17 61

Methods for quantitation of the major apoproteins of human serum very low density lipoprotein have been developed employing tetramethylurea, which delipidates the lipoprotein and selectively precipitates apolipoprotein B. Six soluble apoproteins are separated by electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gel. One of these is a previously unrecognized species of R-alanine (R4-alanine), more anionic than the R3-alanine polypeptide. Conditions of staining have been found which yield reproducibly linear chromogenic response with native lipoprotein and with each purified apoprotein. Recovery of protein in the seven species measured accounts for over 97% of the total in the very low density lipoprotein of normolipidemic individuals and in most samples from individuals with endogenous hyperlipemia. The mean content of apolipoprotein B in 43 samples from normolipidemic subjects was 36.9(+/-1.2 SEM)% of total protein, The distribution of the major soluble apoproteins as mean (+/-SEM) percentage of the soluble fraction was : R-serine, 5.3+/-o.5; arginine-rich, 20.6+/-1.0; R-glutamic, 10.6+/-0.4; R2-alanine, 28.3+/-0.7; R3-alanine, 26.9+/-0.5; and R4-alanine, 8.0+/-0.5. Distribution of the apoproteins was a function of particle diameter of very low density lipoprotein in fractions separated by gel permeation chromatography and by density gradient ultracentrifugation. In fractions below 700-800 A, apolipoprotein B comprised an increasing percentage of the total protein with decreasing particle diameter. Among the soluble proteins the percentage of the arginine-rich and R-serine polypeptides increased and that of the R-glutamic polypeptide declined progressively with decreasing particle size. Apoprotein distribution was similar in fractions of similar particle size from normolipidemic and hyperlipemic subjects with the exception that all fractions from the hyperlipemic subjects contained more R-serine and some, more arginine rich polypeptide. Even in the absence of chylomicrons, the distribution of soluble apoproteins in particles of diameters greater than 700-800 A was usually similar to that of the smallest particles. This suggests that the largest particles may include products of the partial catabolism of chylomicrons.
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PMID:Apoprotein composition of very low density lipoproteins of human serum. 17 34

We have studied the effects of diet-induced hypercholesterolemia on the rates of secretion of triglycerides into the plasma of fasted squirrel monkeys. Two groups of monkeys were studied: control animals which were fed a semipurified diet not associated with hyperlipemia (plasma cholesterol 127 +/- 8 mg/100 ml), and animals made hypercholesterolemic (plasma cholesterol 307 +/- 31 mg/100 ml) by being fed a diet containing 25% butter and 0.5% cholesterol. After intravenous infusion of Triton WR 1339 (300 mg/kg body wt), plasma triglycerides increased almost linearly for 9-12 hours. Analysis of individual lipoproteins separated by ultracentrifugation showed that newly secreted triglycerides were present almost exclusively in the very low density lipoprotein fraction. The rates of triglyceride secretion in the hypercholesterolemic group of monkeys (5.15 +/- 0.86 mg/kg/hr) were less than half those of the control animals (10.96 +/- 2.15 mg/kg/hr). We suggest that in monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia high concentrations of plasma low density lipoproteins may inhibit the synthesis and/or secretion of their parent very low density lipoprotein molecules into the circulation.
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PMID:Metabolism of lipoproteins in nonhuman primates. Reduced secretion of very low density lipoproteins in squirrel monkeys with diet-induced hypercholesterolemia. 17 53

A woman, aged 46 years, with a hyperlipoproteinemia phenotype V, an unusual type of xanthomatosis, as well as lipemia retinalis, diabetes mellitus, and nephropathia, is discussed. The withdrawal of 64 IU insulin and the institution of a hypocaloric diabetes diet resulted in the disappearance of the skin lesions and a regression of the eye lesion. During this treatment the total lipid-level became almost normal (6,965 mg% before treatment and 947 mg% after 10 weeks). The chylomicrons disappeared but the VLDL content remained relatively and absolutely elevated, as in type IV hyperlipoproteinemia.
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PMID:A case of xanthomatosis and hyperlipoproteinemia type V propably induced by overdosage of insulin. 17 87


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