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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) was easily demonstrated by plain CT-scan. The aim of this study was to clarify the clinical significance of CAC in cardiovascular diseases. The subjects were 90 patients with ischemic heart disease (30 myocardial infarction, 50 exertional angina pectoris and 10 variant form of angina pectoris; 46 males and 44 females, 68 +/- 10 y/o) and 50 patients without ischemic heart diseases (30 hypertension, 10 arrhythmia, 3 valvular disease, 2 cardiomyopathy, 2 congenital heart disease and 3 others; 25 males and 25 females 65 +/- 9 y/o). CAC and calcification of thoracic aorta were evaluated by plain CT-scan (1 second scan time and 5 mm slice). The relationship between CAC and other clinical features (age, sex, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, smoking, resting ECG, exercise stress ECG, aortic calcification and optic fundi) were studied. CAC were seen more frequently in patients with ischemic heart disease (63%), old age (67%), aortic calcification (70%) and positive exercise testing (64%). On the other hand, CAC were rare in variant angina (30%). In younger patients (under 70 y/o), CAC were seen more frequently in diabetic patients. But, in older patients, CAC were frequently in those with hyperlipidemia. These results suggested that CAC was associated with not only systemic arteriosclerosis, but also ischemic heart disease, except vasospastic angina. The prognostic value of CAC would be studied later.
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PMID:Clinical significance of coronary artery calcification. 779 Jul 45

While cost-effectiveness analyses of anti-hyperlipidemia programs featuring drug treatment suggest that the best use of public dollars is to delay treatment until an individual develops coronary heart disease, a comprehensive hyperlipidemia treatment policy must take a broader perspective. The high case-fatality rates of patients exhibiting first manifestations of coronary heart disease, the limited population impact of interventions aimed solely at high risk groups, the cost of testing to identify the high risk segment of the population, the social origins of the behavioral risk factors for coronary heart disease, and the perspective of the individual must also be considered. Available data suggest that the best public policy to control the burden of heart disease is one with two components: On the one hand, all individuals without clinically manifest heart disease would be encouraged to adopt healthy behaviors without an attempt to sort the population into 'high' and 'not high' risk groups. On the other hand, the risk factors of individuals who already have coronary heart disease would be treated aggressively with a case-management system of follow-up. The data that support this conclusion are presented in this paper.
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PMID:Evaluating the effectiveness of dyslipidemia control strategies. 780 19

Significant risk factors for premature coronary heart disease include: (1) family history, (2) elevated low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level > or = 160 mg/dl, l, (3) decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level < 35 mg/dl, l, (4) cigarette smoking, (5) high blood pressure and (6) diabetes mellitus. All of these risk factors are common in patients with premature heart disease. Common familial lipid disorders associated with premature heart disease include familial lipoprotein(a) excess, familial dyslipidemia (elevated triglycerides and decreased HDL cholesterol), familial combined hyperlipidemia (elevations of LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and often decreased HDL cholesterol), familial hypoapobetalipoproteinemia (elevated apolipoprotein B levels), familial hypoalphalipoproteinemia (low HDL cholesterol levels), and familial hypercholesterolemia (elevated LDL cholesterol levels). All these disorders have been characterized using age and gender specific 90th and 10th percentile values from the normal population. The diagnosis and potential management of these disorders is reviewed.
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PMID:Familial lipoprotein disorders and premature coronary artery disease. 780 28

Dietary fiber has received considerable attention in both the popular press and the scientific literature. Fiber is a complex mixture of substances, and research on its effects is difficult to interpret. Dietary fiber has significant gastrointestinal effects, and it is a mainstay of treatment for constipation and hemorrhoids. Insoluble fiber, such as wheat bran, is most effective for treatment of these conditions. Increased intake of soluble dietary fiber appears to benefit patients with diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia. High-fiber, low-fat diets have been recommended by a variety of authorities to decrease the incidence of heart disease and certain types of cancer. Any increase in dietary fiber intake should be accompanied by an increase in water intake.
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PMID:The clinical uses of dietary fiber. 784 38

Hyperlipidemia is an important risk factor of arteriosclerotic diseases. In Japan, as heart disease and cerebrovascular disorders rank second and third as the causes of death, demand has intensified for measures to prevent these diseases. In the U.S., the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) was initiated as a means to prevent CHD by reducing th prevalence of hypercholesterolemia. Since 1988, this program has demonstrated effectiveness in this regard. In Japan, there are no consistent guidelines for the management of hyperlipidemia such as are espoused by the NCEP. In this study, in an endeavor to resolve this problem, a worksite population (1343 adult males) was classified according to the NCEP guidelines and the role and effectiveness of NCEP in this population were studied. A questionnaire concerning life-style and some biochemical findings were also used to classify the subjects according to the NCEP guidelines. Of the subjects, 22.8% were classified as hypercholesterolemic (> or = 240 mg/dl) and another 34.9% as being borderline high risk (> or = 200 < 240 mg/dl). Twenty-five percent of subjects required diet or drug therapy. The percentage of subjects requiring therapeutic intervention increased with age. The therapy group subjects tended to have a larger number of risk factors compared to the normal group. They also featured a significantly high age-adjusted odds ratios for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, and elevated serum triglyceride. This study suggests that in the health management of those in the therapy group, educational instruction on coronary risk factors is required.
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PMID:[Classification of hyperlipidemia in a worksite population in Japan using criteria of the U.S. National Cholesterol Education Program]. 804 15

Coronary heart disease is reaching epidemic proportions in women. With increased longevity, more women are living many years beyond menopause, the time when heart disease peaks in women. For midlife women, it is important to determine a personal profile of unmodifiable (family history, age, and race) and modifiable risk factors. The goal for every woman must be to control coronary risk factors such as smoking, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, sedentary life style/weight control and stress, which have been proven to be amenable to modification strategies. Many women also may consider hormonal replacement but must be counseled to make informed choices concerning the benefits and risks. Finally, as nurses and as leaders in the health care of women, we must model heart healthy behaviors to encourage each other and to increase our effectiveness with the clients we serve.
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PMID:Coronary artery disease in women: assessment, diagnosis, intervention, and strategies for life style change. 824 50

Use of the internal thoracic artery for myocardial revascularization has regained general acceptance because it offers better long-term results than do venous conduits. The aim of this study was to ascertain the prevalence of atherosclerosis in the internal thoracic artery and to correlate the prevalence with other known risk factors. A total of 117 patients (male/female ratio 84:33; mean age 56.8 years) were investigated. Sixty-eight patients had coronary artery disease, 25 had combined coronary artery and valvular heart disease, 14 had acquired valvular heart disease, and 10 had other types of heart disease. All but one patient underwent bilateral semiselective internal thoracic arteriography. Evidence of atherosclerotic change was present in 6.6% of the opacified vessels in 11.1% of the investigated individuals. Although all patients with atherosclerotic lesions in the internal thoracic artery had coronary artery disease, no correlation could be found between coronary artery disease and internal thoracic atherosclerosis. Peripheral vascular disease and hyperlipidemia could be identified as predictors of atherosclerotic changes in the internal thoracic artery. Atherosclerosis is somewhat more prevalent in the internal thoracic artery in this study than in the literature. Although the internal thoracic artery is a protected vessel, there is a certain extent of atherosclerosis, that correlates with known risk factors. Our observations should not preclude use of the internal thoracic artery, but they should be considered for patients who are at risk for atherosclerotic changes of the internal thoracic artery.
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PMID:Internal thoracic artery: prevalence of atherosclerotic changes. 824 59

Among the most common causes of morbidity and mortality in elderly individuals are the manifestations of the various peripheral vascular diseases. Many chronic degenerative diseases, which begin in middle age, are associated with peripheral vascular disease. Heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and diabetes are all risk factors for peripheral vascular diseases and also common degenerative conditions in our society. Other risk factors, such as diet, smoking, stress, lack of exercise, and obesity, are also closely associated with peripheral vascular disease. Aging itself is also a risk factor. Appropriate treatment for disease processes such as diabetes and hypertension and control of other preventable risk factors have been shown to reduce the morbidity and mortality seen in peripheral vascular disorders. Our rapidly aging population requires increasing amounts of medical resources, placing an enormous burden on society because the aged population are generally more dependent upon government-sponsored health care services. The podiatric practitioner is in a position as a primary care provider to influence the health practices of our aging population. The implementation of a health practice that stresses prevention and wellness as well as the appropriate management and a referral of patients with peripheral vascular disorders will limit the morbid results of peripheral vascular diseases.
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PMID:Common peripheral vascular diseases. 848 79

A prospective case-control study was carried out to clarify associations of cerebral transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) and other stroke risk factors with progression and exacerbation of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disorders; 243 neurologically normal controls and 123 TIA patients without prior history of stroke were followed up for a mean interval of 4.4 years of TIA patients, 26 (21%) developed other events (excluding recurrent TIAs); 10 died of vascular causes (8.1%). Of controls, 44 (18%) developed events; 13 died of vascular causes (5.4%) and 3 from cancer. TIA patients were at 2.3 times greater risk than normal controls for stroke or death from vascular causes. They were predominantly male with significantly higher associations of risk factors for stroke, including hypertension, heart disease, diabetes mellitus, smoking, hyperlipidemia, alcohol consumption, and limited education. Controls developing vascular events compared with controls who did not were older, more frequently male, and with greater incidences of heart disease. TIA patients had lower rates of cerebral perfusion compared with controls that persisted throughout the study, with similar rates of decline related to aging among both groups. Among TIA patients, stroke risk factors were more prevalent than among controls. The longer their duration, the greater the incidence and the more rapid the rate of severe, often fatal cardiovascular complications.
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PMID:Prospective study of vascular events and cerebral perfusional changes following transient ischemic attacks. 863 63

Transient global amnesia (AGT) is a well-defined syndrome of unknown aetiology. It is generally believed to be of vascular origin. Other theories suggest epilepsy or migraine as the cause. We studied the clinical features and associated risk factors in 24 patients with AGT, comparing them with two control groups with 24 people in each group, paired for age and sex. The first control group contained healthy individuals (CN) and the second patients with transient ischaemic attacks (AIT). Of the patients with AGT, 70% were women and 30% men. Their average age was 60 (range 14-76). The attacks were abrupt in onset in 100%. In 8% there was a recognisable trigger factor (driving, physical exercise, etc). The average duration was 7 hours. On study of the cardiovascular risk factors, it was found that 36% were hypertensive, 24% had cardiopathy, 12% had diabetes mellitus, 8% were smokers, 4% had polycythaemia, 16% had hyperlipidaemia, 4% were alcoholics. There was a history of migraine in 29%. No patient had a past history of epilepsy. Further investigation showed ECG changes in 12%. In 24% there were non-specific changes in the EEG. On cerebral CT scan there were lesions compatible with ischaemia in 12.5% of the patients. Levels of arterial hypertension were significantly higher in the AGT group as compared to the normal control group (Odds ratio 7.86; CI. 1.29-11.38). A past history of migraine was seen to be a risk factor associated with AGT as compared with both groups of controls (AGT/CN Odds ratio 9.47; CI 1.01-444.92; AGT/AIT Odds ratio > 1.72).
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PMID:[Transient global amnesia. Case-control study of 24 cases]. 868 Nov 72


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