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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In most patients presenting with acute pancreatitis, the cause can be established on the basis of initial history, physical examination, laboratory studies, and abdominal sonography. Patients with unexplained pancreatitis at that point are often considered to have idiopathic disease. However, a cause and, often, effective treatment to prevent recurrent pancreatitis are possible in many of these patients if an aggressive diagnostic approach is taken to discover undiagnosed hyperlipidemia, occult gallstones, abnormalities of the bile and pancreatic ducts, sphincter of Oddi dysfunction, pancreatic cancer and other tumors, and cystic fibrosis (in children and young adults).
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PMID:Idiopathic acute pancreatitis. 226 20

No single pathophysiologic factor has been identified as the cause of recurrent acute pancreatitis. A systematic search should be undertaken in every patient to identify one of a myriad of factors that have been shown to play a part in causing this distressing illness. The abuse of alcohol remains the likeliest cause, and further research may reveal an inborn error of metabolism that jeopardizes some people. Biliary tract disease, gallstones, choledochal cyst, papillary stenosis, and duodenal diverticula show a clear relationship. Metabolic disorders such as hypercalcemia, hyperlipidemia, and hyperparathyroidism remain suspect. Systemic illnesses such as systemic lupus erythematosus and cystic fibrosis must be considered. Development anomalies such as pancreas divisum may precipitate acute pancreatitis through aberrant anatomic structures. Cancer must always be disproved. Not yet firmly established but worthy of thorough investigation are uncommon causes, such as the ingestion of certain drugs or combinations of drugs and trauma, either recent or past. Pancreatitis remains frightening for those with the disease and puzzling and frustrating for the medical people who treat it. A careful history and investigation in accordance with a systematic diagnostic plan that includes many disparate factors will lead to identification of the cause in the majority of patients.
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PMID:Pathophysiologic factors in recurrent acute pancreatitis. 393 40

Iatrogenic pathology of the optic nerve is examined according to a framework which distinguishes direct and indirect effects on the optic nerve. Direct effects due to toxic drugs should be suspected when unexplained, usually bilateral loss of visual acuity occurs. The 3 clinical stages of classical optic toxic neuropathy are 1) anomalies of color vision, 2) loss of visual acuity and narrowing field of vision, and 3) papillary palor corresponding to irreversible optic atrophy. Usually only the 1st stages are reversible, but the reversibility may be incomplete. The list of drugs which can cause such effects is lengthy and includes antiinfectious drugs such as sulfamides and derivatives of hydroxyquinoleins, chloramphenicol especially when used to treat cystic fibrosis of the pancreas in children, the antituberculins ethambutol in high doses and isoniazide, which occasion particular risks when combined; antiparasitics such as quinine and its derivatives chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which cause optic neuropathy through their effect on the retina; arsenic pentavalents such as tryparsamide, quinacrine, trecator and mystatin; drugs affecting the central nervous system such as monoamineoxydase inhibitors, laroxyl, phenothiazine and the barbituates; anticonvulsants such as phenytoin; antimitotics such as vincristine; digitalics, disulfiram; penicillamines, and pexid. The action of lasers on the optic nerve can have a similar effect. The optic nerve may be indirectly damaged during surgical procedures leading to hypotonia, acute ischemia of the head of the optic nerve or embolic accident after a local or regional injection. Damage may also be caused by radiotherapy of intracranial tumors and certain drugs which cause isolated papillary edema or edema associated with headaches, such as Tetracycline, large doses of vitamin A or D, corticoids, and oral contraceptive (OC) pills, which may cause papillary edema through cerebral pseudo-tumors that regress with discontinuation of treatment. This condition has been observed in women with uncontrolled hyperlipidemia. It is probable that an alteration ofaxonal transport is at the basis of the neuropathic mechanisms. The 1st step in therapy is the suppression of the toxin, or at least its discontinuation. Some success has been obtained with vitamin B therapy, corticotherapy, zinc, or isaxonine, depending on the specific condition.
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PMID:[Iatrogenic pathology of the optic nerve]. 676 92

Hyperlipidemia is prominent among the disturbances in intermediary metabolism that occur subsequent to infections by microorganisms. The response to such infections is known to involve several cell types and is mediated by cytokines. We hypothesized that metabolic lipid disturbances seen during infection in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients may partly be the result of excessive tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a proinflammatory cytokine known to cause a large spectrum of pathophysiologic alterations, including impaired lipid metabolism. Therefore, we determined the circulating concentration of TNF-alpha and analyzed its relationship to lipid and lipoprotein levels, as well as lipoprotein lipase activity, in 31 CF patients. Plasma TNF-alpha values were significantly (p < 0.01) elevated in patients with CF compared with controls. The CF subjects were found to have decreased plasma cholesterol (25%), LDL cholesterol (35%), and HDL cholesterol (19%) concentrations, whereas plasma triglycerides were significantly increased (p < 0.001). The apo A-I level was reduced (p < 0.005), whereas apo B levels were normal. Low levels of the major essential fatty acids were found in the plasma of the CF patients, and the triene/tetraene ratio confirmed their essential fatty acid deficiency. Postheparin lipolytic activity was lower in CF patients than in controls, and the decreased activity was accounted for primarily by a decline in hepatic lipase. A significant positive correlation (p < 0.001, r = 0.70) was found between TNF-alpha and plasma triglyceride levels. However, no association was noted between TNF-alpha and essential fatty acid, cholesterol, or lipoprotein cholesterol levels, or with lipoprotein lipase activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Circulating tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels and lipid abnormalities in patients with cystic fibrosis. 823 19

Chronic pancreatitis is a rare disease in children and is usually secondary to underlying diseases such as hereditary pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis, hyperlipidemia, prolonged malnutrition, gallstones or anomalies of the biliary-pancreatic duct system. Hereditary pancreatitis is a common cause of chronic pancreatitis in children but is often unrecognized until months or years later. We report here a family with hereditary pancreatitis in which four members are affected.
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PMID:Hereditary pancreatitis: report of a family from Turkey. 989 1

With the exception of cystic fibrosis and hereditary pancreatitis, case reports about pancreatitis in children have rarely been mentioned. We report here an 11-year-old boy with type V hyperlipidemia, who suffered from two episodes of acute pancreatitis. Sudden onset of severe upper abdominal pain, fever, and hypertriglyceridemia were the common presentations. Initial treatments including analgesics, fasting, parenteral nutrition support and following diet control with medium-chain triglycerides seem to be successful in our case.
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PMID:Recurrent pancreatitis secondary to type V hyperlipidemia: report of one case. 1110 May 29

Lung transplantation has become an accepted treatment modality for end stage lung disease including emphysema, fibrosing alveolitis, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension and bronchiectasis. Despite the use of potent immunosuppressive drugs, acute rejection occurs frequently, especially in the first few weeks and months after transplantation. Bacterial, viral and fungal infections frequently occur in lung transplant recipients. Rapid diagnosis and adequate treatment of infections is needed. The side effects with the use of long term immunosuppressive agents includes renal toxicity, hypertension, neurotoxicity, hyperlipidemia, leucopoenia, hyperglycaemia, weight gain, osteoporosis and malignancy. However, obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) which is regarded as a chronic rejection process remains the dominant cause of morbidity and mortality in the long-term survivors of lung transplantation. This article focuses on the postoperative and long term management of lung transplant recipients.
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PMID:Lung transplantation: management and complications. 1184 31

A workgroup meeting on the use of family history information in pediatric primary care and public health sponsored by the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was held February 24 to 25, 2006. The workgroup participants met to discuss how to improve the use of family history information in pediatric settings. Topics addressed at the meeting included current practices, needs, and barriers for use of family history information in pediatric primary care and public health. Other considerations included how available family history tools might be applicable to pediatric settings and which areas require additional research. Specific model conditions were presented that illustrated issues involved in the use of family history information in pediatric settings, including cystic fibrosis, fragile X syndrome, polycystic kidney disease, hyperlipidemia and coronary artery disease, and birth defects. Ethical, economic, and technologic concerns involved in integration of family history information into pediatric settings were discussed also.
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PMID:Summary of workgroup meeting on use of family history information in pediatric primary care and public health. 1776 10

During the last 30 years, life expectancy in patients with cystic fibrosis has significantly improved. In Germany, almost half of the 8500 patients are 18 years or older. Older patients have increased rates of cystic fibrosis typical complications, In addition the characteristic complications of adulthood, including arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and cardiovascular diseases, occur. Also crisis of marriage or loss of work place, as well as family planning measures including in-vitro-fertilization are problems merely of the adult cystic fibrosis patient. Therefore adult patients should be treated in a centre specialized on adults. At the moment, in Germany only one third of all adult patients are followed up in an adult center, many patients are treated in age-independent centers, and also a significant number is treated in small clinics. In this article models for transition currently established in Germany are described and occurring problems with their implementation are discussed.
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PMID:[Cystic fibrosis care in transition from adolescence to adult age]. 1971

The rat Pck gene is orthologous to the human PKHD1 gene responsible for autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (ARPKD). Both renal and hepatic fibrocystic pathology occur in ARPKD. Affected humans have a variable rate of progression, from morbidly affected infants to those surviving into adulthood. This study evaluated the PCK rat, a model of slowly progressive ARPKD. This model originated in Japan and was rederived to be offered commercially by Charles River Laboratories (Wilmington, MA). Previous studies have described the basic aspects of PCK pathology from privately held colonies. This study provides a comprehensive characterization of rats from those commercially available. Rats were bred, maintained on a 12:12 hr light/dark cycle, fed (7002 Teklad), and water provided ad libitum. Male and female rats were evaluated from 4 through 35 weeks of age with histology and serum chemistry. As the hepatorenal fibrocystic disease progressed beyond 18 weeks, the renal pathology (kidney weight, total cyst volume) and renal dysfunction (BUN and serum creatinine) tended to be more severe in males, whereas liver pathology (liver weight as % of body weight and hepatic fibrocystic volume) tended to be more severe in females. Hyperlipidemia was evident in both genders after 18 weeks. Bile secretion was increased in PCK rats compared with age-matched Sprague Dawley rats. The PCK is an increasingly used orthologous rodent model of human ARPKD. This characterization study of hepatorenal fibrocystic pathology in PCK rats should help researchers select stages of pathology to study and/or monitor disease progression during their longitudinal studies.
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PMID:Disease stage characterization of hepatorenal fibrocystic pathology in the PCK rat model of ARPKD. 2066 6


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