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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

PAI-1 antigen, tPA antigen and thrombin - antithrombin III complexes (TAT) levels were measured in 10 males with stable angina and type-II diabetes mellitus and in 16 males with stable angina without diabetes or other risk factors (hyperfibrinogenaemia, hyperlipidaemia, diabetes, hypertension, smoking and obesity) known to increase PAI levels. Ten healthy men of equivalent age served as controls. Because only diabetics with coronary artery disease (CAD) showed a decreased fibrinolytic capacity, a second study was performed on the 16 non-diabetic CAD patients to determine whether submaximal workload induces significant changes of tPA and PAI levels. TAT levels were increased in CAD, and significantly so in the diabetic group. tPA levels were increased only in the CAD patients without diabetes. PAI levels were significantly increased in diabetic CAD patients (5.26 +/- 1.96 ng/ml) but not in the stable angina patients without diabetes (2.97 +/- 1.44 ng/ml). Immunologically-reactive tPA released after exercise was higher in the 16 CAD patients without diabetes than in controls. Our data could indicate that in stable angina without diabetes there is no chronic latent activation of the clotting system, with no impairment of fibrinolytic activity. On the other hand, the presence of diabetes mellitus seems to influence the fibrinolytic capacity in CAD, particularly increasing PAI levels.
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PMID:Increased plasminogen activator inhibitor antigen levels in diabetic patients with stable angina. 177 97

None of more widely accepted theories of atherogenesis can explain all the more pertinent features of atherosclerosis: a) foam dell formation; b) endothelial cell stress/injury; c) protective effect of HDL; d) atherogenicity of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; e) the vesicular nature of early lipid deposits in atherosclerosis, f) dissociation of diet risk from the risk due to elevation in plasma cholesterol; or g) correlation of postprandial lipemia with CAD risk. The data obtained from our studies provide a new theory of atherogenesis. This theory is that: a) lipolytic surface remnants of TG-rich lipoproteins may represent a major class of atherogenic lipoproteins which are exacerbated during postprandial hyperlipidemia; b) clearance of these surfaces remnants by HDL in vivo may be one important way that HDL prevents atherosclerosis; c) excess surface remnants may be linked to delayed clearance of potentially atherogenic core remnants, directly linked to atherogenicity via surface remnant-mediated cytotoxicity to cells of the artery wall and/or linked to the deposit of unesterified cholesterol-rich vesicles in early atherosclerosis. An appealing aspect of this hypothesis is that it can account for several unexplained features of atherosclerosis, such as anatomic differences in susceptibility to atherosclerosis in the vascular tree, the preference of early atherosclerosis in humans to the region of the coronary artery subjected to low hemodynamic shear stresses, and the vesicular nature of lipid deposits in early atherosclerosis.
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PMID:Cytotoxicity of remnants of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins: an atherogenic insult? 185 66

Based on substantial evidence, the 1984 NIH Consensus Development Conference concluded that the treatment of total and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol elevations with diet and, when necessary, with drugs, can reduce the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD). Accordingly, in 1988 the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) published guidelines for defining moderate-, borderline-high-, and high-risk categories for CAD. Many clinical trials have supported the benefits of antihyperlipidemic therapy. Evidence from the Coronary Primary Prevention Trial gave rise to the "2:1 ratio," i.e., that a 1% reduction in total cholesterol level is associated with a 2% decrease in CAD events. The Helsinki Heart Study results indicated that additional benefit may be obtained by raising high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels. Dramatic reductions in LDL and total cholesterol were achieved by the Program on the Surgical Control of the Hyperlipidemias, which also achieved a 35% reduction in CAD events and a two-thirds reduction in both coronary bypass operations and angioplasties. Long-term benefits of cholesterol lowering in terms of cardiovascular and all-cause mortality have been shown in the Coronary Drug Project and the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial. Two major studies that have documented angiographic changes as a result of cholesterol lowering are the Cholesterol-Lowering Atherosclerosis Study (CLAS) and the Familial Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (FATS). In both CLAS and FATS, there was a decrease in the development of new lesions and a lowering of the rate of progression of existing lesions. In FATS, there was also evidence that aggressive antihyperlipidemic therapy will decrease existing lesions in some CAD patients.
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PMID:Rationale for treatment. 186 34

During the last years several risk factors for cerebrovascular disease (CVI) could be identified by epidemiologic studies; the incidence of CVI, like that of coronary artery disease, seems to be closely related to high blood pressure, hyperlipidaemia, smoking and diabetes mellitus. The diagnostic difficulties in CVI, especially concerning the localization and size of vascular lesions, explain controversal results in the evaluation of different clinical studies. A comparison of these results is often hard to perform also out of the different statistical methods applied in the various trials. The development of improved diagnostic methods, especially ultrasonography, which allow a better definition of disease processes, offers an advantage for controlled screening and intervention trials. After all further improvements in disease prevention as well as in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures require an intensive co-operation between internal medicine and neurology.
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PMID:[Cerebrovascular disorders as a manifestation of a generalized disease]. 188 35

The Indian (Asian) population in South Africa has a high rate of coronary artery disease. Fasting serum lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured in 620 consecutive male survivors of myocardial infarction and compared with those of 524 healthy male volunteer controls, and the presence of hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia in the patient group was related to other non-lipid coronary risk factors. All survivors and controls were below age 61 years. Total cholesterol, triglyceride and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations varied significantly with age both in patient and control groups, whereas high-density-lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol did not vary with age in either group. Using the 90th-percentile age-adjusted values of controls for total cholesterol (7.1 mmol/l) and triglyceride (3.0 mmol/l) as cut-off points, 287 (46%) survivors were hyperlipidaemic. Hypercholesterolaemia with or without associated hypertriglyceridaemia was the commonest abnormality: 125 (20%) patients showed hypercholesterolaemia without associated hypertriglyceridaemia; 73 (12%) had both hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia and 89 (14%) hypertriglyceridaemia without associated hypercholesterolaemia. The frequency of hyperlipidaemia did not vary with age. HDL cholesterol levels below 0.66 mmol/l (10th percentile) were observed in 131 (22%) survivors. Obesity was significantly more frequent among hypertriglyceridaemic survivors, whilst diabetes and hypertension were seen more frequently in survivors with combined hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia. No significant difference was noted in the frequency of smoking and family history of coronary artery disease in hyperlipidaemia and normolipidaemic patients.
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PMID:Lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities in South African Indian men with myocardial infarction. 188 54

The relationship between myocardial ischemia and biochemical changes has been well documented. For example, hyperlipidemia is one of the largest risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease. Decreased coronary blood flow produces various changes in cardiac metabolism, which cause severe cardiac function abnormalities, including heart failure and arrhythmias. Many biochemical markers have been used for both diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of myocardial infarction. In this symposium the speakers have discussed: 1) the relationship between the changes in the ionic environments in the intra- and extra-cellular spaces and the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias, with special reference to the role of increased intracellular resistance in conduction delay during ischemia (Dr. Takao Fujino), 2) metabolic basis of ECG abnormalities in ischemic heart disease and the role of intra-coronary ECG recordings in the evaluation of cardiac ischemia (Dr. Tetsunori Saikawa), and 3) biochemical changes associated with exercise and other stresses, with special reference to the roles of increased catecholamines and decreased blood fluidity in the genesis of cardiac abnormalities (Dr. Takehiko Fujino). Prof. Takeshi Kanno gave a special lecture entitled "Approaches from clinical laboratory to hereditary variants". He showed an excellent model of approach from clinical laboratory medicine to detect important biochemical abnormalities which may be overlooked by routine daily analyses in the clinical laboratory.
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PMID:[Cardiac function abnormalities and biochemical changes in myocardial ischemia]. 192 Aug 72

Most lipid abnormalities seen in a primary care practice can be grouped into three categories: hypercholesterolemia, combined hyperlipidemia, and hypertriglyceridemia. Three to 6 months of dietary and life-style alterations should be tried before drug treatment is initiated. Drugs for each category should be chosen on the basis of clinical efficacy, established long-term safety, and effects on low-density and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels. To maximize compliance, physicians should advise patients on dosing schedules, side effects, and required monitoring. Combination drug therapy is often necessary to reach treatment goals, especially in patients with genetic hyperlipidemia and/or symptomatic coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemia. What to do when life-style changes aren't enough. 192 9

Disorders of lipid metabolism, either hyperlipidemia or hypolipidemia, are associated with the formation of corneal opacities. Corneal arcus, the most commonly encountered peripheral corneal opacity, is frequently associated with abnormal serum lipid levels, but may occur without any predisposing factors. Reports also have linked corneal arcus with alcoholism, diabetes mellitus and atherosclerotic heart disease. Unilateral arcus is a rare entity that is associated with carotid artery disease or ocular hypotony. Diffuse corneal opacities associated with hypolipidemic disorders such as LCAT deficiency, fish eye disease and Tangier disease, may be the initial manifestation of these disorders and puts the ophthalmologist in a position to make an early diagnosis. Corneal arcus, along with a central corneal opacity, is seen in Schnyder's crystalline stromal distrophy. The association of the disorder with a dyslipidemia remains controversial. A review of lipid metabolism, corneal arcus and several disorders of lipid metabolism that affect the cornea are presented.
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PMID:The cornea and disorders of lipid metabolism. 192 41

A 53-year-old man was suffered from progressive effort angina. Coronary angiogram revealed complete obstruction of the left anterior descending artery with collaterals from posterior descending artery. The essential thrombocythemia was diagnosed from platelet count over 1,000,000/mm3 with bleeding tendency. And hyperlipidemia was not observed. After the platelet count was reduced into normal range by administration of Melphalan, coronary artery bypass grafting using the left internal thoracic artery was performed successfully. The main cause of his coronary artery disease was thought to be secondary to the essential thrombocythemia as his past history included cerebral infarction secondary to transient thrombus formation in the common carotid artery which was confirmed with cerebral angiography. He has been on melphalan, warfarin and dipyridamol therapy after the operation without chest symptom.
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PMID:[A case report: coronary artery bypass grafting for the patient with essential thrombocythemia]. 194 May 33

The fractional rate of cholesterol esterification in very low density lipoprotein- and low density lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FERHDL) was studied in normolipidemic subjects and in individuals with hyperlipidemia and proven coronary artery disease (CAD). The FERHDL was significantly higher than the FER in whole plasma and was significantly higher in normal men than in normal women. In addition, men and women with primary hyperlipidemia had significantly higher FERHDL values relative to their sex-matched controls. The most significant increases in FERHDL values, however, were observed in individuals with CAD. In all patient groups, FERHDL was positively correlated with plasma triglyceride concentration. In addition, FERHDL was negatively related to plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentration in all groups except in men with CAD and in normolipidemic women. The gradient gel electrophoretic pattern of HDL from individuals with either low or high FERHDL values indicated an inverse relation between this activity and the relative amount of HDL2b particles. FERHDL likely reflects the metabolic properties of the heterogeneous population of HDL particles in the plasma and may be a function of the relative content of larger and smaller HDL particles. It appears to be a sensitive and reliable functional measure of the particle size distribution in the HDL pool and one of potential clinical value in the assessment of risk for CAD.
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PMID:Cholesterol esterification rates in very low density lipoprotein- and low density lipoprotein-depleted plasma. Relation to high density lipoprotein subspecies, sex, hyperlipidemia, and coronary artery disease. 198 5


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