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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Based on our new finding that an inflammation in which tumor necrosis factor (TNF) is primed or triggered (ontogenic inflammation) can regulate the homeostasis in ontogenesis, we have identified a new lipopolysaccharide from wheat flour (LPSw) that can induce ontogenic inflammation in adult mice. LPSw can prime adult mice to produce TNF when given orally or percutaneously, suggesting that it may maintain homeostasis in adults. LPSw can cure experimental animals of diabetes, hyperlipidemia, ulcer, and herpes. It can also stimulate bone resorption and egg-laying, and shows a strong analgesic effect that is blocked by naloxone. This effect even allows a release from drug addiction. Suppression of serum cholesterol level by oral uptake of LPSw in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic (WHHL) rabbit was also observed. Infection of toxoplasma was prevented by oral uptake of LPSw. The realization that a single oral or percutaneous administration of LPSw may be a cure for multiple intractable diseases may lead to the presentation of a nontoxic type of Coley's toxin, which is known to be an efficient cancer treatment, but has high toxicity.
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PMID:Oral or percutaneous administration of lipopolysaccharide of small molecular size may cure various intractable diseases: a new version of Coley's toxin. 147 70

Hyperlipidemia frequently accompanies infectious diseases and may be due to increases in lipoprotein production or decreases in lipoprotein clearance. The administration of endotoxin (LPS) has been used to mimic infection and prior studies demonstrate that LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia. In the present study in rodents, the dose of LPS necessary to induce hyperlipidemia was orders of magnitude less than that necessary to induce shock and death. As little as 10 ng/100 g body weight induced hypertriglyceridemia and this increase in serum triglyceride levels occurred rapidly (78% increase at 2 h). At high doses of LPS (50 micrograms/100 g body weight), the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins was decreased. At low doses of LPS (100 ng/100 g body weight), triglyceride clearance was not altered but the hepatic secretion of triglyceride was increased. Low dose LPS stimulated hepatic de novo fatty acid synthesis and lipolysis, both of which provided a source of fatty acids for the increase in hepatic triglyceride production. High dose LPS did not increase hepatic fatty acid synthesis or peripheral lipolysis, and hepatic triglyceride secretion was not stimulated. Thus, low dose LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by increasing hepatic lipoprotein production, while high dose LPS produces hypertriglyceridemia by decreasing lipoprotein catabolism. Administration of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antibodies or interleukin 1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist did not prevent the increase in serum triglyceride levels induced by LPS. However, anti-TNF antibodies and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) blocked the increase in serum triglycerides induced by TNF or IL-1, respectively. These data suggest that neither of these cytokines is absolutely required for the increase in serum triglycerides induced by LPS, raising the possibility that other cytokines, small molecular mediators, or LPS itself may play a crucial role.
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PMID:Endotoxin rapidly induces changes in lipid metabolism that produce hypertriglyceridemia: low doses stimulate hepatic triglyceride production while high doses inhibit clearance. 147 86

Sudden deafness is defined as acute inner ear hearing loss, in the rule one-sided, of unknown etiology. The tentative diagnosis can be made easily by otoscopy and simple audiological forke tests. To exclude symptomatic acute hearing losses during the first treatment period, f.e. acoustic neurinoma, rupture of the round window membrane, multiple sclerosis, infectious diseases like Borreliosis or Lues, but also psychogenic hearing disorders we recommend an immediate hospitalization. Neurological and internal check up should look for inflammatory or degenerative diseases of the vascular or nervous system and also for metabolic risk factors like diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, gout or blood hyperviscosity. Today there are some reasons to assume, that disturbances of the microcirculation of the cochlea end vessels may a possible prominent etiological factor in sudden deafness. Therefore the aim of therapy today is to improve the microcirculation and the oxygenation of the sensory cells of the inner ear.
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PMID:[Sudden deafness--diagnosis and therapy]. 152 17

Garlic may play an invaluable role in the prevention and therapy of the major causes of death. Anecdotal, basic, and clinical research data are confirming the efficacy of this herb in the treatment of hyperlipemia, cancer, heavy-metal intoxication, infectious diseases, hypertension, free-radical damage, and immune deficiency states. Garlic's broad antimicrobial spectra and its ability to modulate immunity may play a strategic role in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome pandemic. A review of the literature supports a greater scrutiny of this herb's therapeutic potential.
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PMID:Garlic revisited: therapeutic for the major diseases of our times? 329 May 2

Infection of 10-day-old chicken embryos with an avian retrovirus. Rous-associated virus type 7, resulted in a disease characterized by stunting and hyperlipidemia. By 20 days after hatch, infected chickens were smaller than hatchmates and developed ataxia and obesity over the next 30 days. Histological examinations of livers from infected chickens revealed a diffuse panlobular fatty infiltrate involving an accumulation of fat in microdroplets. Electron microscopic examinations of livers from infected chickens revealed hepatocytes with swollen mitochondria that lacked cristae. The thyroid and pancreas were infiltrated with lymphoblastoid cells by 1 week after hatch. An examination of the blood revealed a mild anemia, a frank lipemia, and high levels of uric acid. This syndrome induced by Rous-associated virus type 7 in chickens may be useful for elucidating the nature of several diseases, including that found in the fatty liver and kidney syndrome of chickens and that observed in a strain of obese chickens.
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PMID:Rous-associated virus type 7 induces a syndrome in chickens characterized by stunting and obesity. 629 59

In the past history of the pharmaceutical industry, secondary metabolites have been screened almost exclusively for antimicrobial activities. This biased and narrow view has severely limited the potential application of microbial metabolites. Fortunately, this situation is changing and we are now entering into a new era in which microbial metabolites are being applied to diseases heretofore only subjected to synthetic compounds. This new approach is the application of microbial secondary metabolites to diseases that are not caused by other bacteria or fungi. For years, major drugs such as hypotensive and anti-inflammatory agents that are used for non-infectious diseases have been strictly synthetic products. Similarly, major therapeutics for parasitic diseases in animals (for example, coccidiostats and anthelminthics) resulted strictly from screens of chemically synthesized compounds followed by molecular modification. However, today fermentation products such as monensin and lasalocid dominate the coccidiostat market. The avermectins, another group of streptomycete products, have high activity against helminths and arthropods. Indeed, their activity appears to be an order of magnitude greater than previously discovered anthelminthic agents, the vast majority of which are synthetic compounds. Umezawa's group in Japan has isolated many microbial products with important pharmacological activities by screening with simple enzymic assays. There is much interest in a natural inhibitor of intestinal glucosidase, which is produced by an actinomycete of the genus Actinoplanes. The aim is to decrease hyperglycaemia and triacylglycerol synthesis in adipose tissue, liver and the intestinal wall of patients with diabetes, obesity and type IV hyperlipidaemia. Another natural compound of interest is mevinolin, a fungal product which acts as a cholesterol-lowering agent in animals. Mevinolin is produced by Aspergillus terreus. In its hydroxyacid form (mevinolinic acid), mevinolin is a potent competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase from liver. It is clear that, although the microbe has contributed greatly to the benefit of mankind, we have merely scratched the surface of the potential of microbial activity.
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PMID:A new era of exploitation of microbial metabolites. 640 Apr 79

One hundred and one patients below 45 years and showing objective signs of cerebral ischemia were studied retrospectively for pathogenic factors. Twelve were below 15 years; the male to female ratio was 1:1. Factors known as predisposing (heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipemia, diabetes mellitus or infectious diseases) and other possible factors (e.g. trauma, abuse) were found in 41 patients. Among women using contraceptive pills there might be an increased risk of development of cerebral thrombosis, but the material was not large enough to warrant statistical analysis. In 64 patients one or more abnormal coagulation values were found, the most frequent being a deficient vessel wall fibrinolysis, which was noted in 38%. We therefore consider it worthwhile to investigate the fibrinolytic defence mechanism of the vessel wall in patients with cerebral thrombosis, since it is possible to treat this condition with specific fibrinolytic stimulating agents.
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PMID:Coagulation studies in children and young adults with cerebral ischemic episodes. 732 67

In order to evaluate the influence of hyperlipemia on the specific cell defence reaction in type-II diabetes mellitus in humans, 20 diabetics were recruited in this study. They were divided into two groups on the basis of the absence or coexistence of abnormal serum lipid pattern. The lymphocyte and monocyte cells drawn from the type-II diabetic patients with abnormally elevated serum levels of cholesterol and triglycerides showed a decreased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class-II antigens and an impaired secretion of interleukin (IL-1). Values of MHC class-II antigen expression in diabetics without lipid metabolic alterations were not significantly different from those found in healthy subjects. In conclusion, abnormalities of lipid metabolism often found in type-II diabetes mellitus may play a key role in the impaired specific cell reaction toward infectious diseases of these patients.
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PMID:HLA class II antigens and interleukin-1 in patients affected by type-II diabetes mellitus and hyperlipemia. 850 2

1. INTRODUCTION. In primary care, the appropriate selection of test items is needed for correct diagnosis; it is also needed from the point of view of cost effectiveness. Thus, the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology recommended screening test items in clinical medicine [1]. In this study, we developed a microcomputer-based decision support system using these screening items to guide general medical practitioners to a correct interpretation of the results of laboratory tests. 2. SYSTEM Configuration The current version of the decision support system is designed to be run on PC-9821Bp (486 NEC computer) under the Window 3.0 environment. The input parameters are 26 essential items of laboratory tests, including urinalysis, fecal occult blood, hematological, and biochemical and serological tests recommended by the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology. The support system is composed of two processes. Firstly, the system can output any of the following diagnostic categories: 1) inflammatory disease, 2) muscular or myocardial disease, 3) anemia, 4) malignant tumor, 5) reno-urinary disease, 6) hepatobiliary disease, 7) diabetes mellitus, 8) gastrointestinal disease, 9) bone disease, 10) hyperlipidemia, and 11) normal. In the next step, the system can output some recommendations as to what minimum tests or what maneuver must be done to reconfirm the final diagnosis. The diagnostic part of the program uses decision-tree logic. 3. RESULTS. The subjects were 219 patients who were admitted to the Nagoya University Hospital; the diagnostic categories had been already confirmed. In each diagnostic category, 10-20 cases of infectious disease, 34 of 74 cases of malignant disease, 2 of 6 cases of muscular disease, 14 of 14 cases of anemia, 2 of 16 cases of malignant tumor, 42 of 55 cases of reno-urinary disease, 8 of 14 cases of diabetes mellitus, 9 of 20 cases of gastrointestinal disease, 3 of 26 cases of bone disease, and 14 of 18 cases of hyperlipidemia were correctly diagnosed using the first step of this system. 4. DISCUSSION. This diagnosis supporting system was very efficient for screening anemia, reno-urinary disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. If this system is combined with information from disease history and physical examination, the diagnosis will be both easy and enhanced. Since the system can suggest effective tests to pinpoint the disease, unnecessary tests will be avoided. Lower diagnostic accuracy was seen in infectious disease, malignant tumor, muscular disease, and bone disease. For these diagnostic categories, additional items are necessary. In conclusion, basic tests are very useful for screening anemia, reno-urinary disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia; the system can provide the minimum and correct test items for diagnosis in primary care.
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PMID:A decision support system for diagnostic consultation in laboratory tests. 859 61

We have analyzed diagnostic efficiencies of the individual "Essential laboratory test" items when these tests were applied to 520 new outpatients in the division of comprehensive medicine in a teaching hospital. The integration of these test results with history-taking and physical examination resulted in 544 primary clinical diagnoses which corresponded to the patient's illness complained and in 361 additional diagnoses unrelated to their chief complaints but found by chance by the addition of the test results. Clinical usefulness of these test items were variable depending on the disease category, demonstrating a superior diagnostic efficiency in infectious or inflammatory diseases, liver and biliary tract diseases, hematological disorders or metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus, but a lesser degree of usefulness in gastro-intestinal or neurogenic diseases. Urine urobilinogen could not establish its clinical usefulness because of extremely low diagnostic sensitivity even in liver diseases. The leukocyte differential count provided confirmatory information for infectious or inflammatory diseases and was helpful for the estimation of the etiologic nature of infectious diseases. This study failed to terminate a controversy for the adoption of sialic acid instead of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the "Essential laboratory test" items, since the former test showed lower sensitivity, even though higher specificity, in infectious or inflammatory status than ESR. Low albumin globulin ratio (A/G) revealed equivalent diagnostic sensitivity and specificity to the elevated levels in alpha 1 and/or alpha 2 globulin fractions in infectious or inflammatory status, being helpful for the evaluation of patient's general condition at a glance. Incidental analysis for diagnostic values of cholinesterase and random blood glucose for the detection of fatty liver and diabetes mellitus, respectively, suggested that these two tests may be included in the "Essential laboratory tests". Simultaneous measurement of serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen levels was recommended for the ambulatory screening of renal insufficiency, rather than the measurement either alone. The results in this study provide scientific bases on the usefulness of the individual test items and should be taken into account in the next version of the "Essential laboratory tests".
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PMID:The results of the "essential laboratory tests" applied to new outpatients--re-evaluation of diagnostic efficiencies of the test items. 875 34


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