Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 50 patients with encephalomalacia and 50 patients with a transient cerebral ischemic attack (TIA) the risk factors and viscosity of the whole blood as well as the hematocrit were determined before the start of treatment. Compared to a control group, the blood viscosity in patients with encephalomalacia was significantly increased (p less than 0.001) in all ranges of shearing velocity tested, in patients with TIA only at that shearing velocity which may be assumed for the area of microcirculation. This increase was related to the presence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipemia, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, hyperfibrinogenemia and increased tendency of thrombocytes and erythrocytes to aggregate. From the results obtained it was concluded that increased blood viscosity in the cerebral area of microcirculation with insufficient cerebral collateral circulation may decisively favor the development of encephalomalacia.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical significance of changes in blood viscosity in cerebrovascular insufficiency (author's transl)]. 81 Jun 86

Patients presenting with symptoms suggestive of amaurosis fugax, or with findings of Hollenhorst plaques on fundoscopy are frequently referred for duplex evaluation to detect possible carotid artery disease. To better determine the reliability of monocular visual loss and the presence of Hollenhorst plaques for predicting the presence or significance of carotid artery stenosis, we prospectively studied 66 patients with these ocular signs and symptoms. After evaluation, the patients were categorized as follows: 34 of 66 (52%) patients had amaurosis fugax, 23 (35%) had asymptomatic Hollenhorst plaques, 7 (11%) had retinal artery occlusion, and 2 (3%) had venous stasis retinopathy. All patients were evaluated ophthalmologically, with carotid duplex scanning and spectral analysis. A stenosis of greater than 60% was regarded as significant. The presence of risk factors including hypertension, diabetes, a history of CVA or TIA's, tobacco use and hyperlipidemia was recorded. There were no statistically significant differences (p greater than 0.05) in the incidence of atherosclerotic risk factors between the four groups. Patients with amaurosis fugax were more likely to have a significant carotid artery stenosis than those with asymptomatic Hollenhorst plaques or retinal artery occlusion (53% vs 9% vs 0% respectively) (p less than 0.006). We conclude that routine carotid duplex scanning is indicated in all patients with amaurosis fugax in view of the frequent association with significant carotid stenosis (53%). However, the presence of Hollenhorst plaques in the absence of visual symptoms appears not to have a significant association with carotid disease and may not necessarily require routine screening unless other risk factors for carotid stenosis are present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Correlation of ophthalmic findings with carotid artery stenosis. 152 43

Patients with systemic lupus erythematosus may develop premature atherosclerosis, notably coronary artery disease. A group of 10 patients with peripheral vascular disease presenting with intermittent claudication or gangrene were studied from a group of 563 patients followed prospectively at the Wellesley Hospital Lupus Clinic. These 10 patients were compared with the next lupus clinic patient matched for age and sex, with respect to demographic characteristics and risk factors. The patients and controls did not differ significantly in lupus activity criteria count, partial thromboplastin time, the number with antibody to cardiolipin, number receiving steroids or mean steroid dose, family history of atherosclerosis, hyperlipidaemia, smoking, hypertension or use of oral contraceptives. The risk factors for developing peripheral vascular disease were a longer duration of systemic lupus erythematosus and a longer duration of use of steroids. Eight of the 10 patients had coexistent coronary artery disease or transient ischaemic attack.
 ...
PMID:Peripheral vascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. 154 39

Lupus anticoagulants and anticardiolipin antibodies are antiphospholipid antibodies (APLAb) with related antigenic specificities and are newly recognized markers for an increased risk of thrombosis. We studied 48 patients who presented with cerebral or visual dysfunction associated with APLAb to help clarify the diagnostic, clinical, laboratory, radiologic, and pathologic features in these patients. Most patients presented with transient cerebral ischemia or cerebral infarction. Recurrent and stereotypic events were frequent. Visual disturbances resulted from amaurosis fugax, retinal arterial or venous occlusion, occipital ischemia, diplopia, and migraine-like disturbances. Three patients presented with severe atypical classic migraine. Recurrent infarcts of brain and eye were significantly associated with the presence of cigarette smoking, hyperlipidemia, and a positive antinuclear antibody. During 44.4 patient-years of prospective follow-up, the combined stroke and systemic thrombotic event rate was 0.27 events per patient-year and was 0.54 events per patient-year if TIA and death were included. Forty (83%) of the patients did not have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Thrombocytopenia was present in 15 (31%) and a false-positive VDRL in 11 (23%) of the patients. Cerebral angiography was normal or revealed large-vessel occlusion or stenosis without changes suggestive of vasculitis. Patients with only transient dysfunction generally had normal radiologic studies, including angiography. Organs and arterial vessels studied pathologically revealed thrombotic occlusive disease without vasculitis. APLAb are strongly associated with an immune-mediated thrombotic tendency, generally in the absence of SLE. Other stroke risk factors may add to the risk of recurrent ischemic events in patients with APLAb.
 ...
PMID:Cerebrovascular and neurologic disease associated with antiphospholipid antibodies: 48 cases. 238 25

Possible effects of chronically elevated serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels on measurements of cerebral blood flow were investigated by between-group comparisons of individuals, with and without hyperlipidemia, among 56 neurologically normal elderly volunteers and among 102 age-matched patients with symptoms of transient ischemic attacks (TIAs). Results demonstrated significantly higher levels of serum cholesterol and triglyceride among the TIA patients compared with randomly selected age-matched normal controls of similar educational and environmental backgrounds. Cerebral blood flow levels were reduced among groups of TIA patients with elevated levels of either cholesterol or triglycerides compared with the TIA patients with normal lipid levels. Similar trends were seen among normal volunteers, but these did not reach levels of statistical significance because of the limited numbers available. Analysis of frequency distributions for risk factors other than hyperlipidemia indicated that hypertension, atherosclerotic heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and cigarette smoking were also more prevalent among TIA patients than among age-matched normal controls.
 ...
PMID:Hyperlipidemia is a risk factor for decreased cerebral perfusion and stroke. 382 97

A comparative study of the prevention of recurrences of cerebral transient ischemic attacks during a 6-month observation period was conducted in 73 patients treated with a combination of acetylsalicylic acid and dipyridamole (ASAD, 1,050 mg + 150 mg/day) and in 65 patients treated with pentoxifylline (PTX 1,200 mg/day, Trental 400 t.d.s.). The patients were randomly assigned to the treatments. Risk factor analysis showed high prevalence of arterial hypertension, hyperlipidemia and smoking in these patients. The two groups were matched in terms of age, sex, blood pressure and site of TIA origin (carotid 63% in the ASAD, 65% in the PTX group). 23 ASAD patients and 9 PTX patients suffered a recurrence. There were 4 nonfatal stroke events with ASAD and 2 with PTX. 80 recurrent TIAs were recorded in 19 ASAD patients compared with 19 such episodes in 9 PTX subjects. The morbidity rates (life table analysis) were significantly lower (p less than 0.05) in the PTX group. The results of the study point to a preventive effect of PTX in terms of the reduction in TIA recurrences.
 ...
PMID:Preventive treatment of cerebral transient ischemia: comparative randomized trial of pentoxifylline versus conventional antiaggregants. 388 Dec 63

30 patients aged between 45 and 78 years and who had suffered from transient global amnesia (TGA), were seen at the Department of Neurology, Pordenone Public Hospital, in the period 1978 to 1982. 25 patients had one or more risk factors for cerebrovascular disease, such as hypertension, cardiac abnormalities, diabetes and hyperlipidemia. EEG examination revealed abnormal activity only in 7 patients. Brain Computed Tomography showed cerebral atrophy in 10 and hypodense lesions in 3 patients. 16 patients had been followed up for a mean interval of 20 months. During the follow-up period, 4 patients had recurrent TGA and one had a transient ischemic attack in the vertebrobasilar arterial system. In the follow-up group, 15 patients showed permanent memory impairment. The high incidence of risk factors for cerebrovascular disease seems to confirm that TGA is probably due to transient cerebral ischemia. The high rate of permanent memory impairment, almost always connected with the coexistence of cerebrovascular risk factors, is not in agreement with the postulated good prognosis of TGA.
 ...
PMID:Transient global amnesia. 651 86

More than 30,000 strokes occur each year in Texas, even though most strokes can be prevented by currently available and well-tolerated therapies. Antiplatelet therapy with aspirin or ticlopidine reduces stroke by about 25% in many patients with transient ischemic attack or initial stroke. Warfarin should not be used routinely for primary cerebrovascular disease but is useful to prevent cardioembolic stroke. Carotid endarterectomy is highly beneficial for patients with symptomatic, high-grade carotid stenosis, but its value for lesser degrees of symptomatic carotid plaque and for asymptomatic stenosis is less clear. Patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation have a substantial risk for stroke; most should be treated with warfarin. Risk-factor management (eg, control of hypertension, cessation of smoking, and treatment of hyperlipidemia) is as important as antithrombotic or surgical therapies for most patients with threatened stroke. Treating isolated systolic hypertension in elderly patients reduces stroke risk. Determining the cause of threatened stroke strongly influences preventive management. The tools are at hand to prevent most strokes; the challenge remains to apply them optimally.
 ...
PMID:What's new in stroke? 777 51

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs) are the third commonest cause of death in France. Approximately 15% of them are due to stenosis of the extracranial internal carotid. The fact that a third of CVAs are followed by death and another third by major handicaps leads to the need for careful prevention. This has three aspects: 1) Correction of risk factors: hypertension, smoking, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, obesity, alcohol abuse, hematological abnormalities and oral contraception; 2) the prescription of one of two platelet anti-aggregants, the efficacy of which has been proved: acetylsalicylic acid or ticlopidine; 3) surgical elimination of tight carotid stenoses. The following require surgery: 1) more than 70% stenosis following cerebral or ocular TIA or minor CVA; 2) more than 75% stenosis in asymptomatic patients or with episodes of VBI as well as 70% in case of thrombosis of the contralateral internal carotid; 3) following a CVA leaving serious sequelae: tight stenosis when it is reasonable to assume that a further CVA could lead to clinical worsening or to a loss of independence; 4) symptomatic and/or more than 80% restenosis. The decision should be made only after confirmation of the diagnosis and of the degree of stenosis and verification of the absence of any local or systemic contra-indication. The surgical team must have a low cumulative mortality and perioperative CVA rate. These patients require ongoing medical monitoring, particularly from a cardiological standpoint.
 ...
PMID:[Treatment of patients with atherosclerotic carotid stenosis in 1993. Indications and long-term results of surgery]. 807 24

In 34 cases of ischaemic cerebral vascular disease (24 patients with completed stroke and 10 with RIND or TIA) complex studies of serum lipids were performed. The level of total cholesterol, cholesterol HDL, phospholipids, triglycerides and apolipoprotein B was evaluated. The obtained results revealed in RIND and TIA syndrome higher values of phospholipids, apolipoprotein B and cholesterol HDL than in completed ischaemic stroke. However the differences were not great enough, draw conclusions about the dynamics of changes in course of progress of the ischaemic cerebral vascular disease. In allmost all cases of completed stroke and in RIND or TIA syndrome a drop of cholesterol HDL was found. Other deviations of lipid level were noticed only in few cases. Notwithstanding the significance of other than hyperlipidemia risk factors, especially of elevated blood pressure, it seems reasonable to start adequate treatment when in patient with RIND or TIA abnormal values of serum lipids are found.
 ...
PMID:[Patterns of lipid change in serum as a risk factor for ischemic brain disease]. 811 88


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>