Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Several pharmacological agents are associated with hyperlipidemia. Tamoxifen is an example of a drug-induced increase of serum triglyceride levels. However, there are only scarce reports on how inborn errors in lipid metabolism as well as secondary dyslipidemias, including diabetes mellitus, influence the hypertriglyceridemic effect of tamoxifen. Herein, we describe a case of a breast cancer patient receiving tamoxifen who presented with remarkable hypertriglyceridemia in the context of diabetes mellitus. We also provide a brief review of the relevant literature and discuss the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hypertriglyceridemia related to tamoxifen.
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PMID:Tamoxifen-induced hypertriglyceridemia in association with diabetes mellitus. 1135 83

Estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) is used not only for the short-term control of menopausal symptoms but long-term for disease prevention. This study examined the influence of selected clinical conditions on the use of ERT and the duration of ERT use among women enrolled in a state Medicaid program. We identified 60,531 women, aged >/=45 years, who were enrolled in Maryland Medicaid continuously for at least 2 of 3 years. ERT use was determined through prescription claims submitted for reimbursement. The presence or risk of selected clinical conditions (e.g., osteoporosis, heart disease, estrogen-sensitive cancers) was determined by screening Medicaid claims files for related diagnoses, procedures, or prescription claims. Multiple logistic regression was used to model ERT use, and proportional hazards regression was used to model duration of use. Fourteen percent of these women filled an ERT prescription, with use varying by age, race, and place of residence. Oral dosage forms were the most popular (80.8%), followed by vaginal cream or ring (22.2%), and transdermal patch (7.3%). In adjusted models, osteoporosis, heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, ovarian cancer, and thromboembolic disease were positively associated and dementia and breast cancer were negatively associated with ERT use. None of these medical conditions predicted the duration of estrogen therapy. Use of ERT was very low among these women despite coverage of prescription medications, and the presence of clinical indications had no influence on the length of therapy among these women despite known benefits for long-term preventive therapy.
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PMID:Clinical correlates of estrogen replacement therapy use and duration of use among medicaid recipients. 1170 94

Hydroxymethyl glutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors ("statins") are carcinogenic in rodents and an increased incidence of breast cancer was reported among pravastatin users in one randomised trial. We conducted a case-control study in the General Practice Research Database to evaluate the risk of breast cancer among 50- to 79-year old women treated with statins for hyperlipidaemia. Case and control women were matched by age, general practice, duration of prescription history in the General Practice Research Database, and index date. Adjusting for history of benign breast disease, body mass index, and use of hormone replacement therapy, women currently treated with statins had an estimated relative risk for breast cancer of 1.0 (95% confidence interval 0.6-1.6) compared to women without hyperlipidaemia. Untreated hyperlipidaemia was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer (estimated relative risk 1.6; 95% confidence interval 1.1-2.5). The estimated relative risk among women currently receiving only non-statin lipid-lowering drugs was similar to that of women with untreated hyperlipidaemia (1.8; 95% confidence interval 0.9-3.4). We found no evidence for an increasing trend in breast cancer risk with increasing duration of statin use (median duration 1.8 years, maximum 8.6 years).
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PMID:Statin use, hyperlipidaemia, and the risk of breast cancer. 1198 77

This is the discussion after a presentation by E. BAULIEU on combined oral contraceptives (ibid; 4(4)1972); it emphasized tumors, blood lipids, and management of typical problems with the pill. It was agreed that the pill does not cause breast cancer, despite the nodules reported in Beagles, but the discussants came to no concensus on the possibility of ovarian cysts and pituitary adenoma. DE GENNES described his 33 cases of vascular accidents in pill users of whom 24 had hyperlipidemia, usually (80%) of the "mixed" type 3 (i.e. high cholesterol and triglycerides). About 2% of women have abnormal plasma lipids, defined as total lipids over 9 g/1, triglycerides over 1.35 g/1, cholesterol over 2.7 g/1. Among the 33 cases, pure hypercholesteremia was underrepresented; premonitory signs (usually migraine) were only present in some cases of cerebrovascular accident, not in cardiac infarction or pulmonary embolism; the parous women had had no trouble in pregnancy. Other topics discussed included diabetes, glucose tolerance tests, hypertension, amenorrhea, menopause, and whether and when to interrupt oral contraception. The conference was concluded with a summary of the status of French legislation on contraception. The French Assembly had not authorized funds for family planning centers, nor for a national office of information, because they considered France too underdeveloped for such an antinatalist policy.
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PMID:[Combined oral contraceptives]. 1230 30

Nonhormonal contraceptives, include the condom that is safe and frequently used lately because of its ability to help in the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases. There is often psychological resistance to the use of diaphragm in the over 40 age group. The rhythm method is not reliable especially in irregular menstrual cycles, and its lack of reliability can cause anxiety. In the US 16% of women over 40 use spermicides. The IUD is recommended to women over 40 because of 1-time insertion, no requirement of care, efficacy, and the risk of pelvic inflammatory disease is modest at this age. IUDs with progesterone are particularly effective and seem to reduce the risk of inflammatory disease by making the cervical mucus more viscous. Surgical sterilization is not recommended at this age. Women over 40 who are not obese, do not smoke, and do not have a family history of cardiovascular disease have no contraindications to using modern oral contraceptives, (OCs). On the other hand, family history of diabetes and hyperlipidemia has to be assessed on an individual basis. Low dose contraceptives can have outright beneficial effects in vascular pathology by improving the hemostatic profile. Recently, animal research has suggested the possibility of a protective effect of OCs on the cardiovascular system. OCs also protect against osteoporosis. Although the debate is still unresolved, at the moment there is no proof whatsoever that OCs increase the risk of breast cancer in women over 40. The evaluation of patients for OC use has to include a diabetic history of mother or father, familial cardiovascular disease, overweight by more than 20%, smoking more than 10 cigarettes a day, and hypertension. If findings are negative, there is no appreciable risk for the patients. Mammography every 2 years for those with familial precedents, laboratory tests (lipid profile, coagulation, and hepatic function) and semiannual checkups are also be recommended.
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PMID:[Contraception in women over forty]. 1234 91

A growing body of evidence supports preventive interventions in asymptomatic adults. Primary prevention, which includes counselling (in particular for smoking cessation) and review of immunisation status, has been shown to be more cost-effective than secondary prevention. Evidence supports screening for hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, breast cancer and obesity. Screening for lung, pancreatic and ovarian cancer has no effect on outcome and should not be performed. Controversial preventive interventions include general screening for diabetes mellitus, thyroid disorders and prostate cancer. Physicians should be aware of a possible hidden agenda in patients presenting for a checkup.
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PMID:Evidence for prevention and screening: recommendations in adults. 1242 90

Tamoxifen is a potent antagonist of estrogen, and hepatic steatosis is a frequent complication in adjuvant tamoxifen for breast cancer. Impaired hepatic FA beta-oxidation in peroxisomes, microsomes, and mitochondria results in progression of massive hepatic steatosis in estrogen deficiency. This impairment, although latent, is potentially serious: About 3% of the general population in the United States is now suffering from nonalcoholic steatohepatitis associated with obesity and hyperlipidemia. Therefore, in the present study we tried to restore impaired hepatic FA beta-oxidation by administering a novel statin, pitavastatin, to aromatase-deficient (Ar-/-) mice defective in intrinsic estrogen synthesis. Northern blot analysis of Ar-/- mice liver revealed a significant restoration of mRNA expression of essential enzymes involved in FA beta-oxidation such as very long fatty acyl-CoA synthetase in peroxisome, peroxisomal fatty acyl-CoA oxidase, and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase. Severe hepatic steatosis observed in Ar-/- mice substantially regressed. Consistent findings were obtained in the in vitro assays of FA beta-oxidation activity. These findings demonstrate that pitavastatin is capable of restoring impaired FA beta-oxidation in vivo via the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha-mediated signaling pathway and is potent enough to ameliorate severe hepatic steatosis in mice deficient in intrinsic estrogen.
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PMID:Pitavastatin ameliorates severe hepatic steatosis in aromatase-deficient (Ar-/-) mice. 1288 Jan 7

Fat tissue and adipocytes have been exclusively investigated in the past two decades, especially in the last ten years, due to the following two reasons. Firstly, more and more studies showed that fat tissue is not only an organ for energy storage, but also an endocrine one that can secret many kinds of hormones or hormone-like peptides. Secondly, the established preadipocyte cell lines have been providing powerful tools for the in vitro research of adipocyte differentiation, because these immortal cell lines authentically represent, to a great extend, the in vivo situations of these cells and can be induced to differentiate into mature adipose cells with proper hormones. It has been demonstrated that there exists close relations between adipocyte differentiation and many physiological or pathological processes including saccharide and fat metabolism, energy balance, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia and breast cancer. It is very important to make known the differentiation mechanisms of preadipocyte into adipocyte for understanding the above mentioned diseases and for screening anti-obesity and anti-diabetes drugs.
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PMID:[Adipocyte differentiation and its regulation]. 1512 90

The vertigo symptom in breast cancer survivors has rarely been mentioned. The aim of this study was to investigate the causes of vertigo in breast cancer survivors with vertigo. From May 1997 to April 2003, 36 consecutive female breast cancer survivors with vertigo underwent a battery of tests including physical examination, neurological examination, serum lipid profile, plain chest radiograph, whole body bone scan, liver sonography, audiometry, electronystagmography (ENG) and MRI scan. Based on these tests, the causes of vertigo were attributed to peripheral labyrinthine origin in 14 patients (39%) and central origin in 22 patients (61%) consisting of 11 cases of vascular insufficiency, eight of hyperlipidemia and three of posterior fossa metastases (8%). The latter included one case of cerebellopontine angle and two of cerebellum, accompanied by extracranial systemic metastases, e.g., of the lung, bone or liver. In conclusion, vertigo in breast cancer survivors warrants concern, especially in those with extra-cranial systemic metastasis accompanied by headache. In addition to 8% occurrence of posterior fossa metastasis, other possible causes for vertigo in breast cancer survivors consist of vascular insufficiency, hyperlipidemia and labyrinthine lesion.
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PMID:Investigating the causes of vertigo in breast cancer survivors. 1537 16

A growing body of evidence supports or rejects preventive interventions in asymptomatic adults. Thus, counseling for smoking cessation and some immunizations have been shown to be cost-effective. Evidence supports screening for body weight (obesity), hypertension, hyperlipidemia, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer and breast cancer. Screening for lung, pancreatic and ovarian cancer has no effect on outcome and should not be performed. Controversial preventive interventions include general screening for diabetes mellitus in the young adult, thyroid disorders and prostate cancer. Physicians should be aware of a possible hidden agenda in patients presenting for a check-up.
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PMID:[Check-up-examinations in internal medicine]. 1636 64


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