Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Estrogen replacement in menopause should be used for specific symptoms such as ovarian failure, hot flushes, vaginal atrophy, atrophy of the vulva, and atrophic urethritis. The dose should be as low as possible to be effective and perscribed for as short as time as possible, since there are possible risks of uterine cancer, breast cancer, increased blood pressure, gallstones, deep vein thrombosis, and thromboembolism. Estrogens should be administered to provide the maximum benefit with the minimum risk involved. Estrogens should not be given to patients with known contraindications such as: suspected breast or uterine cancer; undiagnosed genital bleeding; Dubin-Johnson syndrome; acute hepatic disease; previous or present thromboembolism; or severe thrombophlebitis. Careful evaluation should be made before administering estrogen to women with uterine myomata, hyperlipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, sevare varicose veins, chronic hepatic dysfunction, diabetes mellitus, porphyria, or severe hypertension.
 ...
PMID:Estrogen replacement in the menopause. 39 Apr 56

One of the major problems being researched and studied by the World Health Organization is the incidence of harmful side effects in users of steroid contraceptives. A literature search indicates that Anglo-Saxon countries report alarming hyperplastic changes, particularly in the liver, blood clots, hyperlipidemia leading to high blood pressure, porphyria, atypical leiomyomas and cervical hyperplasia. Currently attention is being focused on the relationship between steroid contraceptives and breast cancer. Fazala and Paffenbarger in their study of 1770 women found such benign changes as fibroadenoma, mastopathia fibrosa cystica and papilloma intraductale. In women who had used oral contraceptives for 2-4 yrs, malignancies were 1.9% to 2.5% more frequent than in non-users; in 6 yrs of use, 11 times greater than in non-users. Estrogens, particularly mestranol has been recognized as being harmful to the liver. Length of usage is a definite factor. Beginning with 1960, relatively frequent occurrences of hepotoma in young women on the pill were noted. Caught at an early stage, peliosis hepatis can be reversed if the patient discontinues the use of contraceptives. In some cases, even after a long interval of 6 months to 10 yrs, the disease continued to develop. Liver cell adenoma in the U. S. occurs 1/500,00 to 1/1,000,000. After 5 to 7 yrs of using oral contraceptives, the chance of developing liver cell adenoma is 5 times greater; after 10 yrs of use, 35 times greater. Hepatomas rupture in 43.4% of cases when the patient had been on a contraceptive, while in only 22.2% in cases of non-users. The literature which the author investigated did not establish a clear proof that the hyperplastic changes discussed were due exclusively to usage of oral contraceptives.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperplastic changes and oral contraceptives in Anglo-Saxon countries]. 69 6

This paper describes a community-based approach, including a partnership of an academic medical institution and a high-risk, urban, African-American population, directed at decreasing premature morbidity and mortality and enhancing health and functional status. The intervention approach is based on a model of community-based leadership and "ownership" of interventions and programs to enhance sustainability of effective approaches, and it follows specific stages to assure appropriate assessment and evaluation. Initial efforts were directed at the control of hypertension and were coordinated through decentralized mayor's stations in Baltimore, Maryland. This approach was successful in significantly enhancing control of hypertension and reducing related morbidity and mortality. Over time, an enhanced partnership has been coordinated through churches in the community and organized around a program entitled "Heart, Body, and Soul." Current efforts are directed at the major risk factors and preventable and/or controllable problems in the population, such as hypertension, smoking, obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cervical and breast cancer. Key components include the training of neighborhood health workers to provide screening, counseling, monitoring, support, and follow-up; enhanced access to care; training of high school students as health counselors; and use of media to promote healthier life-styles.
 ...
PMID:A partnership with minority populations: a community model of effectiveness research. 146 64

The general practitioners in the Canterbury Area Health Board area were surveyed for their screening policies for cancer and medical conditions. Responses were obtained from 210 (79%), 55% of whom had age/sex registers. Ninety-seven percent provided cervical smears, usually at 1-2 year intervals; 62% offered a female smear taker. Smears were initiated opportunistically by 76%, by age/sex register (47%) or on request by 27%. Breast cancer was screened by 69% using mammography and by 59% using breast physical examination; 73% taught breast self examination. Mammography was recommended every two years for women aged 50-64 years by 45% of responders, and annually to women aged 40-50 years by 19%. Mammography was initiated opportunistically by 88%, on request by 70% and using an age/sex register by 21%. Melanoma was screened by 66%, colorectal cancers in those at high risk by 42%. Testicular self examination was promoted by 43%. Ninety-one percent screened for hypertension, and 51% for hyperlipidaemia, 54% for diabetes mellitus in people without risk factors. Smoking (97%) and alcohol intake (82%) were usually inquired for, and safe sex practices by 59%. Established screening modalities were recommended by most practitioners, but the frequency exceeded current guidelines in many cases; opportunistic screening predominated.
 ...
PMID:Cancer and health screening in Canterbury general practices. 174 58

The relation between history of several medical conditions and procedures and risk of breast cancer was evaluated in data from a hospital-based case-control study of 2663 cases of breast cancer and 2344 controls with acute conditions unrelated to any of the established or potential risk factors for breast cancer. Whereas previous diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, thyroid disease, hypertension at any age, hyperlipidaemia, cholelithiasis, pelvic inflammatory disease and physician-diagnosed subfertility were unrelated to cancer risk, history of severe obesity in postmenopausal women (odds ratio [OR] 1.4), benign breast disease (OR 1.8) and history of breast biopsies (OR 2.4) were associated with significant risk elevation. Conversely, lifelong history of menstrual irregularities (OR 0.6) seemed to confer some protection against onset of breast cancer. This study supports the hypothesis that, unlike endometrial cancer, breast cancer risk is not enhanced by medical conditions known or suspected to be linked with female hormones, with the exception of benign breast disease and severe overweight in postmenopausal women.
 ...
PMID:Breast cancer risk and history of selected medical conditions linked with female hormones. 214 95

The overall risk of oral contraceptive (OC) use is minimal when women over 35 years of age, smokers, and those with multiple risk factors (thromboembolic disorders, cerebrovascular or coronary artery disease, liver tumors, breast cancer, estrogen-dependent neoplasms, undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding, and congenital hyperlipidemia) are excluded. OC use increases the risk of hypertension by 1-5%, depending on age, parity, and duration of use, but even this small risk is decreased when multiphasic OCs are prescribed. Deep venous thrombosis in the leg is 4 times more prevalent in OC users than nonusers and the risk of superficial thrombosis is doubled. Again, fewer thromboembolic complications occur when the estrogen dosage is low. The risk of myocardial infarction is not believed to increase with OC use as long as other risk factors--smoking, obesity, hypertension, age over 35 years, hypercholesterolemia--are not present. Studies involving the original high-dose OCs revealed a 3-fold increase in the risk of thrombotic stroke and a 2-fold increase in the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, but low-dose OCs appear to have no effect on the potential for stroke. The impact of OC use on breast cancer cannot yet be determined given the very long latency period of this cancer. In terms of benign breast disease, OC users have been shown to be at substantially reduced risk of lesions, fibroadenomas, and fibrocystic changes. OCs also protect women from endometrial and ovarian cancer, although the pill seems to accelerate the progression of cervical dysplasia. Other beneficial effects of OC use include reductions in the incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease, endometriosis, ectopic pregnancy, and ovarian cysts.
 ...
PMID:Oral contraceptive pills. Part II: Potential complications and health benefits. 228 19

A 36-year-old woman was treated with tamoxifen for lung metastasis of breast cancer and had marked hyperlipoproteinemia with giant fatty liver, high plasma triglyceride levels (3673 mg/dl), and increased levels of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) and intermediate density lipoprotein (UDL). A low level of activity of both plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (HTGL) was also noted. Our observations support the concept that, in some patients, the weak estrogen-like activity of tamoxifen is amplified and, in severe lipemia, reduction of the activities of LPL and HTGL might impede the conversion of VLDL to LDL, thus causing the amplification of the effect.
 ...
PMID:[A case report of hyperlipemia with giant fatty liver during adjuvant endocrine therapy by tamoxifen]. 310 57

Certain physiological and pathological conditions in women require choice of a contraceptive method that will not aggravate the condition or exacerbate known side effects. IUDs and oral contraceptives (OCs) are not appropriate for the immediate postpartum. Low dose progestins appear best suited and can be started on the 5th day after delivery. IUDs and high dose discontinuous progestins are the best choices for the menopausal period, but contraindications to them must be respected. Contraception with a dominant progestational climate is required in case of benign breast disease. Low dose progestins may cause luteal insufficiency and low dose combined OCs may allow endogenous estradiol secretion poorly balanced by the progestin. All progestin-dominant formulations and discontinuous 19-norsteroids may be used. 19-norsteroids appear suitable for women with breast cancer because of their antiestrogenic activity. High dose progestins are advisable for women with precancerous or cancerous endometrial pathology. Estrogens should be avoided in such cases. Cervical cancer has never been proven to be hormonodependent, and at present the use of hormonal contraception in cervical dysplasia is not contraindicated except after pelvic radiation for invasive cancer. Use of the IUD has the same indications as for the general population after lesions have been treated. In cases of hyperlipidemia, low doses of continuously administered 19-norsteroids cause a decline of high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol but are considered to be without longterm metabolic effects. The new progestin desogestrel does not diminish HDL cholesterol. Many cases of hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia contraindicate OCs at the usual dose and require mechanical contraception, although low dose progestins may be considered. Derivatives of 17-hydroxyprogesterone are without effects on lipid metabolism but are less reliable. No contraceptive method is fully satisfactory for diabetics. Hormonal contraception is risky because of possible metabolic and vascular effects. Low dose progestins have the fewest side effects but are often poorly tolerated. IUDs are often used for diabetics despite possible increased risks of infection and failure. Hypertensive women should not use combined OCs or high-dose 19-norsteroids, but low dose progestins carry no risk of hypertension. Women at vascular risk are advised to use IUDs if no specific contraindications are found. Otherwise low-dose progestins are an acceptable choice. Low dose progestins are often the only possibility for cardiac patients. Nonhypertensive women with renal insufficiency can use OCs under careful supervision if there are no contraindications. Combined OCs are contraindicated when there is any disturbance of hepatic function, but low dose progestins or mechanical means are acceptable. Chronic use of certain drugs which act as enzymatic inductors is incompatible with hormonal contraception.
 ...
PMID:[Contraception at risk]. 365 96

Total serum cholesterol, free and esterified cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, serum triglycerides and serum lipoproteins were measured in 103 consecutive cancer patients (60 men and 43 women; mean age, 56 years) and 100 age-matched noncancer inpatients. Cancer patients as a group demonstrated significantly lower total cholesterol, esterified cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, compared with noncancer patients. Breast cancer proved to be an exception associated with increased serum total cholesterol, free cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and triglycerides. a-lipoproteins were constantly increased in cancer patients whereas no differences were found in the other lipoprotein fractions. Finally, the observed overall incidence of hyperlipidemia in cancer patients (23/103) was not significantly different from the controls (29/100).
 ...
PMID:Serum lipids and lipoprotein disorders in cancer patients. 367 28

A 61-year-old woman was treated with tamoxifen for breast cancer and had marked hyperlipoproteinemia: high plasma triglyceride levels (2790 mg/dl); increased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) cholesterol levels (241 mg/dl); and high VLDL apoprotein B levels (126 mg/dl). Low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was decreased (104 mg/dl) and LDL apoprotein B was at 107 mg/dl. A low activity of both postheparin plasma lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and hepatic triglyceride lipase (h-TGL) was also noted. All these observations were reversed following tamoxifen withdrawal. Plasma triglyceride levels fell to 361 mg/dl. VLDL cholesterol and VLDL apoprotein B decreased to 41 mg/dl (83%) and 21 mg/dl (83%), respectively. Meanwhile, LDL cholesterol rose to 194 mg/dl (86%) and LDL apoprotein B increased to 138 mg/dl (29%). LPL and h-TGL activities did increase following tamoxifen withdrawal. Our observations show that, in some patients, the previously described weak hypertriglyceridemic effect of tamoxifen is amplified. That observation supports the concept and helps to explain that, in such severe induced lipemia, reduction of the activities of LPL and h-TGL might impede the conversion of VLDL to LDL, thus causing an amplification of the effect.
 ...
PMID:Severe lipemia induced by tamoxifen. 369 11


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Next >>