Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Nine patients with atherosclerotic carotid artery disease associated with neck radiation were compared to 40 control patients. The data suggest that significant differences in age, incidence of coronary and peripheral vascular disease, elevated lipids and serum cholesterol, and the angiographic incidence of disseminated atherosclerosis justify the description of radiation-induced carotid disease as a clinical entity. Elevated serum cholesterol and hyperlipidemia may contribute to the development of radiation-induced vascular disease. Successful surgical reconstruction does not appear to be influenced by the prior radiotherapy, although periarterial fibrosis and increased difficulty in separating the plaques from the vascular media was encountered.
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PMID:Radiation-induced carotid artery disease. 62 23

Repeatedly-bred, male and female Sprague-Dawley rats which develop hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and arteriosclerosis spontaneously were killed at sequential time intervals, i.e., when the females had completed 1, 2, 3 and 4 pregnancies. The control breeders received no treatment; the experimental animals were given 113 mg of clofibrate/100 g of b.w., subcutaneously, daily, 5 times per week. Clofibrate-treated breeders manifested reduction in blood pressure and in the incidence and severity of arterial disease characteristic of repeatedly-bred rats. The aortic lesions of the clofibrate-treated breeders showed attenuation of the usual severe ground substance alterations, the degenerative changes in connective tissue elements, e.g., fibrosis and elastosis, and absence of calcification and cartilaginous metaplasia. Clofibrate-treated breeders did not show any unusual elevation in serum enzymes, e.g., CPK, SGOT, SGPT and LDH, or significant reduction of their hyperlipidemia. They manifested a definite reduction in adrenocortical and medullary histopathology and their circulating corticosterone levels were subnormal compared to non-treated breeders. It is suggested that the protective effect of clofibrate was mediated through its ability to block normal adrenal steroidogenic pathways rather than through its antilipemic action.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Mar
PMID:Clofibrate retardation of naturally-occurring arteriosclerosis in repeatedly-bred male and female rats. 66 83

The influence of a new hypolipidaemic agent, bezafibrate, on anticoagulant requirements and fibrinolysis was studied in 15 patients with hyperlipidaemia on long-term treatment with racemic phenprocoumon. Our results suggest a dose-dependent augmentation of the anticoagulant response to the coumarin drug. Treatment with bezafibrate at 450 and 600 mg daily required a reduction of the phenprocoumon dose by 18.5 and 33.5%, respectively. Correspondingly, the serum level of phenprocoumon decreased by 11.6 and 35.3%. No evidence for an altered drug elimination of racemic phenprocoumon could be found during treatment with bezafibrate. The results support the hypothesis that bezafibrate and analogous hypolipidaemic drugs enhance the response to oral anticoagulant drugs by increasing the affinity of the receptor site for coumarins or the rate of degradation of the vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. The investigation of the fibrinolytic enzyme system demonstrated an increase of the fibrinolytic activity by enhancing the activity of the plasminogen activator. The lysis time for euglobulin clot was reduced significantly, plasma fibrinogen only moderately. The antiplasmin activity could not be altered substantially by a decrease of alpha1-antitrypsin and a slight increase of alpha2-macroglobulin. In contrast with the inhibition of platelet function the effect of bezafibrate on the fibrinolytic enzyme system showed no dose dependence.
Atherosclerosis 1978 Apr
PMID:The effect of bezafibrate on the fibrinolytic enzyme system and the drug interaction with racemic phenprocoumon. 66 91

Rabbits kept on a routine diet and subjected, under conditions of free behavior, to long-term chronic (for a period of 4 months) stimulation of hypothalamic zones which give rise to negative emotions had marked stable endogenic hyperlipidemia (hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia), a decrease in the blood heparin content, shortening of blood coagulation time, and mild (by 11%) but significant increase of arterial pressure. The extent of these changes differed with the animals. The dynamics of the increase in the blood cholesterol and triglyceride levels differed both in the degree of the increase as compared to the initial levels (by 44 and 74%, respectively) and in the latent period of attaining maximum deviations. There was a definite connection between the changes in the levels of triglycerides and heparin in blood. When rabbits were given small doses of methylthiouracil and stimulation was continued on that background, the blood cholesterol level grew still more (up to 110% of the initial level). The data obtained attest to the role of prolonged emotional stress in the genesis of stable metabolic and vasomotor disorders which may promote the development of preconditions for the origin of such cardiovascular diseases as atherosclerosis, hypertensive disease, and coronary thrombosis.
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PMID:[Effect of the chronic stimulation hypothalamic negative emotiogenic zones on a change in blood lipid and heparin content and on arterial pressure]. 67 10

The relationship between hyperlipidaemia and thrombophilic state in atherosclerosis was appraised by evaluation of platelet aggregation according to Breddin in 20 patients with clinically established atherosclerosis, 10 normal controls, and 22 subjects taken from the average population of a medical department aged 12-58 yr with no history of atherosclerosis. Normal screening for the disease was carried out in all patients. Drugs inhibiting platelet-aggregation were given to all subjects in Breddin's 3rd or 4th stage. A relationship was noted between Breddin stage and the seriousness of atherosclerosis, while the former was a pointer to thrombophilic states. The drugs administered were able to reverse the aggregation stage.
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PMID:[Anti-platelet-aggregation drugs and atherosclerosis]. 68 81

A combination of two oral sorbents, oxystarch 35 g/day plus activated charcoal 35 g/day, was administered to four patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis during thrice weekly and once weekly treatments. Patients tolerated oxystarch and charcoal without complaint during the 4-week period of thrice weekly hemodialyses. All four patients became clinically uremic when hemodialyses were reduced to once weekly and only two patients were able to continue through the end of this 4-week period. Mean serum cholesterol concentration diminished significantly from 200 mg/dl during control periods to 140 mg/dl after each 4-week trial of sorbents (P less than 0.02). Hypertriglyceridemia (range 181 to 543 mg/dl) was corrected in three of four patients with triglyceride values falling to less than 150 mg/dl during ingestion of sorbents (P less than 0.05). Activated charcoal, which is inert as an intestinal nitrogen binding sorbent, may lower serum lipids by direct intragut binding of lipids and bile acids. The potential use of oral charcoal in long-term therapy to reduce hyperlipidemia and prevent vascular accidents due to atherosclerosis requires additional study.
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PMID:Reduction in hyperlipidemia in hemodialysis patients treated with charcoal and oxidized starch (oxystarch). 70 46

Over a 12-year period, from 1965 to 1977, 43 women under 46 years of age were documented with angiographic evidence of coronary atherosclerosis at St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney. Twenty-five of the women were able to be followed up at a mean interval of 31 months. This group of young women with coronary artery disease was compared with an age-matched control group of 660 "healthy" women drawn from the general population. Hyperlipidaemia was present in 72% of patients and in 13% of controls. Seventy-three percent of patients were regular cigarette smokers compared with 21% of controls. Only one patient out of 43 showed neither hyperlipikaemia, nor hypertension, nor smoked cigarettes, and multiple risk factors were commonly present. The level of high density or alpha-lipoprotein was significantly reduced in young women with coronary artery disease. These results highlight the presence of classical risk factors in these young women, as well as the importance of alpha-lipoproteins.
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PMID:Coronary artery disease in young Australian women. 73 44

1. Epidemiologic studies have shown that CHD (arterial thrombosis) and venous thrombosis were closely associated with dietary saturated fat intake. 2. In vitro and in vivo studies are unanimous in that long chain saturated fatty acids, mostly-stearic acid, are thrombogenic, while linoleic acid has protective effects. 3. Stearic acid appears to modify the fatty acid composition of platelet phospholipids resulting in an increase in the aggregating and clotting capacities of platelets. 4. In coronary patients or in subjects eating saturated fats, similar modifications in platelet behaviour can be observed related to changes in platelet phospholipids. Those results appear to confirm the hypothesis that certain dietary saturated fats, in addition to induce hyperlipemia and atherosclerosis, predispose to thrombosis mostly through blood platelets.
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PMID:[Thrombogenic and atherogenic effects of dietary fats]. 80 Jul 9

Rabbits maintained on a pellet diet supplemented with cholesterol, or on a semi-synthetic diet containing beef fat but no added cholesterol, have been studied in relation to their development of hyperlipidaemia and of lipid-filled arterial lesions. The influence of pyridinol carbamate on animals on both diets was also examined but found to produce no significant effect. Animals on both diets developed a hyperlipoproteinaemia. In cholesterol-fed animals this developed quickly, became gross, and was characterized by the presence of an anomalous lipoprotein of very low density, large molecular size and abnormally high cholesterol content. Beef fat fed animals showed a more moderate hyperlipidaemia which developed more slowly and the lipoproteins qualitatively resembled those in normal rabbits. Differences in the rate and severity of development of aortic lesions between the two different dietary supplements were found to reflect differences in the duration and intensity of hyperlipoproteinaemia between the groups. Arterial lesions in cholesterol-fed animals were more extensive and contained larger numbers of fat-filled cells than those in beef fat-fed animals. Comparisons were made (in many cases on the identical section) between lesions treated with a fluorescein labelled antiserum to total rabbit serum low density lipoproteins (TLDL) and with a conventional lipid stain. Precise agreement was found between the distribution of lipid reacting with Oil red 0 and specific fluorescence for TLDL in endothelial cells, in extracellular deposits in the intimal ground-substance and in medial smooth muscle cells. But fat-filled cells in the intima and in reticulo-endothelial tissue showed variable immunofluorescent reactivity. The reason for this discrepancy is discussed. Agreement between the distribution of conventional lipid staining and specific immunofluorescence for TLDL was also found in extracellularly distributed material in arterioles and smaller vessels at certain sites. It is suggested that these results establish that rabbit TLDL serve as the vehicles transporting lipid into the experimental lesions, just as the homologous human lipoproteins do in human atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Investigation by immunofluorescence of arterial lesions in rabbits on two different lipid supplements and treated with pyridinol carbamate. 80 37

Inbred Carworth Farms Nelson (CFN) congenitally hyperlipidemic rats had significantly shorter coagulation and prothrombin times and higher levels of coagulation factors, II, V, VII, VIII, and X than did controls. Conversely, congenitally hypolipidemic rats of the same strain had significantly longer coagulation and prothrombin times and lower levels of factors II, V, VII, X and XII and of blood platelets than did controls. A loop-shaped polyethylene cannula was inserted into the aorta to assess the potential for thrombosis. The hyperlipidemic group obstructed this significantly faster and the hypolipidemic group slower than did the controls. Normal CFN rats made hypertensive by unilateral renal artery clip developed hypertension together with significantly elevated serum cholesterol and factor VII and X levels. Rhesus monkeys with diet-induced hyperlipidemia showed shorter prothrombin times and higher factor X levels than did controls on normal diet. By selective breeding, two groups of squirrel monkeys were obtained. Both groups had similar serum cholesterol levels on a normal diet but one group (hyperresponders) showed higher serum cholesterol levels on a cholesterol-containing diet than did the other (hyporesponder) group. Both groups showed significantly elevated levels of factors II, V, VII, IX and X on a cholesterol-containing diet. There was good correlation between the levels of many coagulation factors and serum cholesterol in both rats and monkeys. If thrombosis is important in the genesis of atherosclerosis, these findings could indicate that elevation of plasma lipids may play a role, via the coagulation pathway, in the production of human vascular disease.
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PMID:Hyperlipidemia, hypercoagulability, and accelerated thrombosis: studies in congenitally hyperlipidemic rats and in rats and monkeys with induced hyperlipidemia. 81 75


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