Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral administration of the benzodiazepines (diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide, bipotassium chlorazepate) in Triton WR-1339-induced (200 mg/kg, blood collection 18 h later) hyperlipidaemia in rats elicited marked decrease of serum total lipids, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and alterations in free fatty acid and free glycerol content. The optimal doses for diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide and bipotassium chlorazepate were estimated to be 5 mg/kg. Other benzodiazepines, namely oxazepam, medazepam and nitrazepam, elicited only minor changes in serum lipids levels, while with grandaxin no change was observed. The optimal doses of diazepam and lorazepam brought about the same changes in serum lipid content as did clofibrate (90 mg/kg, p. o.). If diazepam, lorazepam, chlordiazepoxide and bipotassium chlorazepate were administered in doses of 5 mg/kg in Triton WR-1339-treated rats (blood collection taken 3 h later), a significant decrease of total lipids and triglyceride levels was observed. The free glycerol level only altered after the administration of chlordiazepoxide, which brought about a significant reduction.
Atherosclerosis
PMID:Effects of some benzodiazepine derivatives on Triton WR-1339-Induced hyperlipidaemia in rats. 0 63

Detected using a method involving gradient electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel, the presence of a high level of an Lp(a) was demonstrated in 17% of control subjects and 39% oh hyperlipidaemic subjects explored. The difference appeared to be particularly significant in subjects with a pure hypercholesterolaemia (type IIA) or dominant hypercholesterolaemia (type IIB), which may be accounted for by the antigenic communities and related substances in the lipid composition uniting Lp(a) to LDL. The association of frank atherosclerosis with the hyperlipidaemia substantially increased the frequency of high levels of circulating Lp(a). A combined elevation of levels of Lp(a) and LDL would seem to be associated with a particular atherogenic power.
 ...
PMID:[Detection of a new lipoprotein: Lp(a). Its occurrence in atherosclerosis with or without hyperlipemia]. 7 59

Both naturally occurring disease processes and experimental models of human disease in the Mongolian gerbil were reviewed. The gerbil was highly susceptible to cerebral infarction following unilateral ligation of one common carotid artery and was useful in studies of the pathogenesis of stroke. Spontaneous epileptiform seizures mimicked those of human idiopathic epilepsy, and both seizure-sensitive and resistant strains have been bred. Perhaps because of its more efficient nephron, the gerbil accumulated four to six times as much renal lead as the rat, and the gerbil has been proposed as an experimental model of lead nephropathy. On standard diets, about 10% of the animals became obese, and some showed decreased glucose tolerance, elevated serum immunoreactive insulin and diabetic changes in the pancreas and other organs. Some breeders exhibited hyperactivity of the adrenal cortex associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and degenerative vascular disease. Although dietary supplements of cholesterol were toxic and did not induce atherosclerosis, the gerbil was useful in other studies of cholesterol absorption and metabolism. Spontaneous, insidious periodontal disease became evident after about 6 months on standard diets, and dental caries were induced by cariogenic diets or by pathodontic streptococci. Spontaneous neoplasia occurred in 8.4--24% of gerbils, usually after 2 years of life. Adrenal cortical, ovarian and cutaneous tumors were the most consistently reported neoplasms.
 ...
PMID:The pathology of the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus): a review. 9 95

Intimal thickening is a significant cause of late failure of aorto-coronary vein grafts. The microscopic appearance of this thickening has some similarities to the microscopic appearance of arterial atherosclerosis, and it has been suggested that hyperlipidemia may play a role in its pathogenesis. This study examines the morphology and lipid composition of autologous vein and artery grafts in normal and hyperlipidemic rhesus monkeys. Grafts were examined six months after insertion by light and electron microscopy and tissue lipids were determined quantitatively. Intimal thickening occurred in all grafts. Specific morphological and lipid compositional features of the grafts were influenced by the type of tissue used for grafting and the presence or absence of hyperlipidemia. However, the degree of intimal thickening per se could not be related to either of these two factors. It is concluded that surgical transplantation in this model provides the most powerful stimulus for intimal thickening and any additional effect on this process by hyperlipidemia is small.
 ...
PMID:Intimal thickening and hyperlipidemia in experimental primate vascular autografts. 10 7

This report summarizes the clinical frequencies of systemic hypertension and necropsy evidence of cardiomegaly in various cardiovascular conditions (Table I), termed "the hypertensive diseases" because of their frequent association with systemic hypertension. Although long recognized as a major risk factor, systemic hypertension appears to be an even greater risk factor to the development of various cardiovascular conditions than previously appreciated. Hypertension by itself appears to be the sole underlying factor in most cases of nontraumatic cerebral arterial or aortic (dissection = partial rupture) rupture. In association with hyperlipidemia, hypertension clearly accelerates atherosclerosis and its devastating consequences.
 ...
PMID:The hypertensive diseases. Evidence that systemic hypertension is a greater risk factor to the development of other cardiovascular diseases than previously suspected. 12 44

Studies on lipid and lipoprotein abnormalities which are associable with ischemic heart disease were presented. None of the subjects studied for this report had clinical signs or symptoms characteristic to "familial or sporadic" hyperlipoproteinemia. Only few showed gross abnormalities in lipid chemistries which are compatible with these clinical entities. Lipid abnormalities characteristic to the majority of ischemic heart patients were modest to moderate increase of serum total and free cholesterol and triglyceride; either independent increase or combined increase of these lipid fractions. Determination of free cholesterol may favor to detect such minute abnormality in modest hyperlipidemia as seen in ischemic heart patients. As expressed by our lipoprotein PAG electrophoresis pattern, B and Bp pattern (Fig. 1) seemed to be important lipoprotein abnormalities because of high incidence of ischemic heart disease (60 to 65%). Another feature of these hyperbeta lipoproteinemic state without (B pattern) or with (Bp pattern) moderate prebeta lipoprotein is highly suggestive of premature onset of ischemic heart suggestive premature onset of ischemic heart disease in the subjects with these lipoprotein patterns. Pb battern (hyperpre-beta lipoproteinemic state) was the next, because of frequent occurrence of this pattern (approx. 30%) among the cardiovascular patients and relatively high incidence (approx. 40%) of ischemic heart disease. PB pattern (combine hyperpre-beta and hyperbeta lipoproteinemic state) occurred rarely but incidence of ischemic heart disease in the subject with this pattern was high (approx. 40%). Midband lipoprotein which is one of the unique lipoprotein species detected by PAG electrophoresis may possibly reflect disordered lipoprotein metabolism. However, its association with ischemic heart disease seemed highly unlikely. However, further studies on this and other unusual lipoproteins detectable with PAG electrophoresis seems productive. Extensive studies on cine coronary angiographically established subjects (well characterized study subjects) with this new method in addition to the others would be highly productive to obtain more reliable conclusion on this subject, and hence, to obtain more effective guide line for early identification or for prevention of coronary atherosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Ischemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia. 16 34

Four theories of atherogenesis are briefly reviewed and criticized: the degenerative, the thrombogenic, the platelet aggregation and the insudative theory. Evidence is presented in detail to suggest that a modified form of the insudative theory (1) accounts more satisfactorily than the other theories for the known association of risk factors with atherosclerosis and (2) allows one to understand how some of the more important risk factors operate at the level of the arterial wall. It is proposed that atherosclerotic plaques, and also certain extravascular lesions broadly associated with atherosclerosis (corneal arcus, xanthomas), arise because altered endothelial permeability allows certain reactive macromolecular plasma proteins (the plasma low density and very low density lipoproteins and fibrinogen, which are normally largely confined to the circulation) to permeate endothelium and interact with charged components of the connective tissue gel of the arterial wall or other tissues. The effect of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arterial disease or injury upon this process, and the manner in which these factors interact, is examined in relation to experimental findings and clinical observations.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenetic mechanisms in atherosclerosis. 16 10

We studied the metabolism of different classes of lipoprotein in squirrel monkeys and rabbits. Lipoproteins were labeled in vivo in donor animals with (3H)leucine and (3H)cholesterol. The rate of disappearance from plasma of recipient squirrel monkeys of the protein moiety of the very low density lipoproteins was rapid, that of high density lipoproteins slow, and the rate for low density lipoproteins was intermediate. The fractional turnover of the apoprotein of low density lipoproteins was slightly reduced in hyperlipidemic monkeys, but the absolute rates of synthesis and catabolism were increased. Hyperdipidemia in rabbits resulted in a dramatic reduction in the fractional catabolic rate of low density lipoprotein apoprotein. Hyperlipidemia in the donors of biosynthetic low density lipoproteins also influenced the rates of catabolism in rabbits. We showed the cycloheximide that although there was recycling of (3H)leucine into other proteins, the reutilization of leucine from low density lipoproteins for nascent low density lipoproteins was not significant. In most tissues the ratio of cholesterol:protein radioactivity was much greater than that for plasma 24 h after administration of labeled low density lipoproteins, but the ratios for aortic intima plus inner media and for plasma low density lipoproteins were similar. The presence of atherosclerosis resulted in a large increase in the apparent uptake of low density lipoproteins by the aortas of rabbits and monkeys.
 ...
PMID:The effects of hyperlipidemia on lipoprotein metabolism in squirrel monkeys and rabbits. 16 56

A clinical and laboratory examination of abnormalities not attributable to atherosclerosis has been performed on 188 male and 126 female adult subjects with hyperlipidaemia. The sample was recruited from 20000 subjects screened at a health control centre who had an initial serum cholesterol and/or triglyceride (TG) concentration above 350 mg/100 ml and 3.50 mmol/l. All were subjectively healthy and had no history of atherosclerotic disease. Known cases of secondary hyperlipidaemia were excluded. Lipoprotein (LP) analysis with preparative ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis was made on all subjects including control group with "nonelevated" serum lipids. Typing of hyperlipoproteinaemia (HLP) was performed according to the modified system of Fredrickson et al. Compared to controls, subjects who had elevated very low density ?LP (VLDL) (types II B, III, IV and V) were more obsese, while subjectI B and women with type IV HLP than in the control groups. Arcus corneae was seen in 29% of control groups. Arcus corneae was seen in 29% of controls and in higher frequencies in types II A and II B. A positive correlation existed between the frequency of arcus corneae and the mean low density LP cholesterol in the different types. Multiple tendon xanthomata (n equals 11) were found exclusively in type II A HLP, palmar xanthomata (n equals 3) only in the presence of floating beta-LP and eruptive xanthomata in one male with type V HLP. The mean ESR was increased in all types of HLP. The mean S-GPT and uric acid concentrations were higher in type IV HLP in both sexes than in the control groups. In men with type IV HLP S-GPT was positively correlated to tvldl tg. the uric acid level was correlated to both the VLDL TG concentration and body weight independently. Of the male subjects with HLP 1/3-1/2 had a diabetic or borderline i.v. glucose tolerance.
 ...
PMID:Studies in asymptomatic primary hyperlipidaemia II. Clinical findings. 16 37

A 48 year old male patient presented with xanthomatosis, hyperbeta lipoproteinemia and hyper-IgA globulinemia; these two serum components occurred as a "complex." The patient has subsequently been studied for 22 years (1952 to 1974). His serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels have been consistently and excessively high despite efforts to regulate them by means of diet or diet and drugs. Serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) concentration ranged from 1,400 to 3,400 mg/dl compared with a normal value of 156 plus or minus 92 mg/dl. The metabolism of lipoproteins, judged by vitamin A turnover studies was slow. Peripheral atherosclerosis became evident 15 years after beginning the study whereas cinecoronary arteriography concurrently demonstrated only minimum changes. Xanthomas exhibited marked regression only during the last 6 years, after 16 years of diet and the addition of clofibrate for 7 years. Beta lipoprotein and IgA globulin determined by immunofluorescent and immunoelectrophoretic technics were demonstrated in the atherosclerotic material obtained from the patient's arterial wall. They were also found in the plasma cells of the bone marrow. The IgA globulin-beta lipoprotein complex in the serum was broken with difficulty. The patient's isolated IgA globulin, free of lipoprotein, formed a firm complex when mixed with beta lipoprotein prepared from normal human serum. Initially, IgA globulin studies showed presence of both kappa and lambda light chains in normal proportion. But after 18 years, the IgA globulin has become monoclonal, type lambda. The plasma cells of the bone marrow have become progressively more atypical and immature. No clinical indications of multiple myeloma have been found. It is concluded that association of lipoproteins with IgA globulin in the serum of this patient with hyperlipidemia, hyper-IgA globulinemia did not prevent the development of atherosclerotic lesions and the deposition of lipids and lipoproteins in the plaques. It is possible that the lipoprotein-immunoglobulin association may have retarded the process, since it became manifest only after many years of known hyperlipidemia.
 ...
PMID:Autoimmune hyperlipidemia in a patient. Atherosclerotic course and chaning immunoglobulin pattern during 21 years of study. 16 71


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>