Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Left ventricular hypertrophy with diffuse intermyocardiocytic fibrosis is a feature of uremia. The role of blood pressure and/or other cardiovascular uremic risk factors in cardiac remodeling is still uncertain. To determine the extent to which improvement of kidney function and the control of uremia-related risk factors are associated with a reduction of myocardial injury, we evaluated the effect of dietary protein restriction or the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril on cardiac structure in remnant kidney rats. One week after subtotal nephrectomy, Wistar rats were allocated to receive drinking water solution (group 1), 5 mg/kg per day lisinopril (group 2), or a low-protein diet (6%) (group 3) for 12 weeks. Group 2 and 3 showed a comparable efficacy in preventing the expected rise in creatininemia, urinary protein excretion, and glomerulosclerosis. However, hypertension development was prevented only in group 2. Groups 1 and 3 developed a significant (P < .01) increase in left ventricular weight (2.45 +/- 0.1 and 2.5 +/- 0.5 mg/g body wt, respectively) compared with group 2 (1.9 +/- 0.06 mg/g body wt). Cardiac hydroxyporline concentration was also lower in group 2 compared with group 1 (2.07 +/- 0.16 versus 2.73 +/- 0.17 mg/g left ventricular weight, P < .05) but not compared with group 3 (2.59 +/- 0.19 mg/g left ventricular weight). The effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on left ventricular mass and intracardiac collagen content appeared to be dissociated from anemia, sympathetic activity, and hyperlipidemia. There was a close relationship between systolic pressure and left ventricular mass; however, no relationship between the degree of cardiac fibrosis and systolic pressure could be determined.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Contribution of systemic blood pressure to myocardial remodeling in uremic rats. 763 42

Recent cohort and case control studies of low-dose combined oral contraceptives (COCs) containing the new generation of progestogens have allowed classification of adverse effects into those which are rare but serious and should be considered risks and those which are more frequent but are less of a threat to health. Low-dose COCs continue to affect coagulation in a complex way, but the risk is less than with the older preparations, and it can be minimized by screening women for a personal or familial history of early or unusual thrombosis and for levels of protein C, S, and antithrombin III. Women with true migraine with focal signs should also avoid using COCs. The relative risk of myocardial infarction (MI) may increase from 4:1 in women with one risk factor (age, smoking, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes) to 20:1 with two risk factors and 128:1 with three or more risk factors. In the absence of all risk factors, a recent study indicated that the relative risk of MI with COC use was 1.9 for current and past use. COC use also causes a slight increase in hypertension in most women, especially those who are older or have a family history of hypertension. While the COC can affect carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, the new generation of progestogens has reduced these effects. The COC may accelerate presentation of gallbladder disease in predisposed women. The COC protects against benign breast disease but may increase the risk of breast cancer and cervical cancer slightly. There is a strong link between hepatocellular adenoma and COC use, but the incidence is low. Return to fertility after use has not been a problem. Both estrogenic adverse effects (nausea, dizziness, irritability, weight gain, bloating) and progestogenic adverse effects (vaginal dryness, acne, hirsutism, weight gain, depression, loss of libido) can occur in 50% of women, but these generally disappear after a few months of use. In conclusion, the low-dose, third generation COCs are associated with minimal risks in the absence of other risk factors and have many beneficial effects such as the prevention of ovarian and endometrial cancer; a decrease in pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancies; and protection from anemia, primary dysmenorrhea, functional ovarian cysts, and benign breast disease as well as from the morbidity and mortality associated with pregnancy.
 ...
PMID:The combined oral contraceptive. Risks and adverse effects in perspective. 776 40

The burden of cardiac disease is high in chronic uremia. Cardiomyopathy results from a combination of cardiac disorders, particularly dilated cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy with normal systolic function, and ischemic heart disease. The prognosis for these cardiac disorders is poor. Known potentially reversible risk factors include uremia, anemia, hypertension, smoking, coronary artery disease, hyperparathyroidism, hyperlipoproteinemia, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Randomized controlled clinical trials of interventions that may prevent or ameliorate cardiac disease in dialysis patients are required. These interventions include normalization of hematocrit with erythropoietin compared with partial correction of anemia, increased amount of dialysis compared with that provided by a dialysis prescription of KT/V of 1., control of blood pressure using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors compared with other antihypertensive agents, control of hyperlipidemia, and treatment of diabetes with agents that prevent collagen cross-linking.
 ...
PMID:The management of cardiac disease in chronic uremia. 784 64

From January 1986 through December 1992, 9 cases of diverticular disease of the colon have been surgically operated in our department. In 56% of the cases, diverticula were located in the left side, in 33% in the right side, and in 11% in the both sides. 67% cases had a complication of hypertension, 33% cases had hypoproteinemia, and 78% cases had anemia. Moreover, 67% cases had hyperlipidemia. Only one case had a minor leakage in the anastomosis after colectomy, which was cured by intravenous hyperalimentation. These results suggest that such a complication should be taken into consideration in the surgical treatment of diverticular disease of the colon, although the disease is in itself a benign disease.
 ...
PMID:[Operative cases of diverticular disease of the colon: in comparison with colo-rectal cancers]. 809 23

The nephrotic syndrome is a consequence of urinary loss of intermediate-sized plasma proteins and the resulting homeostatic responses to those losses. Plasma protein composition is changed greatly. Pathophysiologic changes are a consequence of the nature of the proteins lost and of the proteins that are increased in plasma to replace them. Plasma oncotic pressure (pi) falls because of the replacement of relatively small plasma proteins by larger ones. Decreased pi increases transudation of fluid into the interstitium and favors edema. This is exacerbated by causing renal insensitivity to atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), primary renal sodium retention, and plasma volume expansion. Many proteins lost in the urine, such as erythropoietin and IgG, are not defended by increased synthesis. Their loss may result in reduced immunity, anemia, and endocrinopathies. Albumin synthesis can be increased by dietary protein augmentation; however, urinary protein losses also increase, offsetting any palliative effect of increased albumin synthesis on albumin stores. The synthesis of many other proteins secreted by the liver is also increased, causing an elevation in plasma levels of several large proteins, including lipoproteins and elements of the coagulation cascade. This results in hyperlipidemia and, in conjunction with the urinary loss of smaller proteins that impede coagulation, a hypercoagulable state. Lipoprotein catabolism is also reduced as a consequence of proteinuria contributing to increased lipid levels.
 ...
PMID:Nonrenal complications of the nephrotic syndrome. 819 77

The examination of 54 patients with acute leukemia (AL) found out ambiguous changes in plasmic lipid spectrum typical for elderly patients. Hypocholesterolemia occurred more frequently in nonlymphoblastic AL, is accompanied with severe anemia and infectious-septic complications. Hyperlipidemia was more common among senile AL patients with coronary heart disease which contributed to circulatory failure, cardiac arrhythmia, pneumonia complications and eventually to shorter survival of AL patients.
 ...
PMID:[Plasma lipid spectrum in acute leukemia]. 830 4

With the striking progress in analytic technology for detecting gene abnormalities, genetic analysis, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), has become a routine procedure in laboratory medicine. Consequently, the role of laboratory medicine in detecting genetic disease is increasing. However, in the process of genetic analysis maintaining consistency with clinical expression is necessary. In this symposium, the discussion includes the following items: (1) Genetic analysis of Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD), (2) Analytic study of abnormal antithrombin III (TOYAMA), (3) Diagnostic procedures for anemia attributed to RBC membrane protein abnormality, (4) Genetic analysis of LDH-M subunit deficiency, (5) Development of a new prospect for hereditary hyperlipidemia, (6) Genetic analysis of hormone resistance syndromes: T3 receptor abnormality, and (7) Etiologic genetic analysis of pituitary cretinism. In general, DNA analysis in these cases can demonstrate wide variations in gene structural abnormalities. In MSUD, for instance, enzyme abnormalities, which occur in enzyme complex of various kinds include E1 alpha, beta, or E2. Currently, the cell fusion method, and PCR-SSCP method, miss-match PCR-DGGE method and so on are commonly used analytic methods. To sum up the issues discussed at this symposium, the most important function of genetic analysis is to clarify the relationship between the many clinical phenotypic expressions and the essential abnormality in the structure of the gene and/or function of the controlling proteins.
 ...
PMID:[A clue for discovery and recent progress in gene abnormalities]. 835 May 10

Hyperlipidemia has been implicated in the pathogenesis of experimental progressive glomerulosclerosis, but its role in human renal injury is controversial. This report describes a 12-yr-old boy presenting with massive proteinuria, hepatomegaly, anemia, severe mixed hyperlipidemia, and progressive renal failure. The initial renal biopsy disclosed large numbers of foam cells that were shown to be monocytes. Evidence is presented suggesting that apoprotein-E2 homozygosity in our patient, together with an 88% reduction in plasma lipoprotein lipase activity associated with severe nephrotic syndrome, is responsible for the atypical clinical features, lipoprotein phenotype III with chylomicronemia, and renal lipidosis. A regimen of dietary lipid restriction, gemfibrozil, and niacin resulted in significant but partial improvement of the dyslipidemia and resolution of the hepatomegaly and ascites. This report stresses the importance of characterizing unique lipid disorders in patients with nephrotic syndrome in order to prescribe effective lipid-lowering strategies. Moreover, the striking resemblance of the clinical and nephrohistologic features of this patient to those occurring in experimental models of coexisting glomerular injury and hyperlipidemia led to the speculation that, in this setting, the hyperlipidemia may contribute to the development of progressive glomerulosclerosis.
 ...
PMID:Atypical hyperlipidemia and nephropathy associated with apolipoprotein E homozygosity. 858 83

1. INTRODUCTION. In primary care, the appropriate selection of test items is needed for correct diagnosis; it is also needed from the point of view of cost effectiveness. Thus, the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology recommended screening test items in clinical medicine [1]. In this study, we developed a microcomputer-based decision support system using these screening items to guide general medical practitioners to a correct interpretation of the results of laboratory tests. 2. SYSTEM Configuration The current version of the decision support system is designed to be run on PC-9821Bp (486 NEC computer) under the Window 3.0 environment. The input parameters are 26 essential items of laboratory tests, including urinalysis, fecal occult blood, hematological, and biochemical and serological tests recommended by the Japan Society of Clinical Pathology. The support system is composed of two processes. Firstly, the system can output any of the following diagnostic categories: 1) inflammatory disease, 2) muscular or myocardial disease, 3) anemia, 4) malignant tumor, 5) reno-urinary disease, 6) hepatobiliary disease, 7) diabetes mellitus, 8) gastrointestinal disease, 9) bone disease, 10) hyperlipidemia, and 11) normal. In the next step, the system can output some recommendations as to what minimum tests or what maneuver must be done to reconfirm the final diagnosis. The diagnostic part of the program uses decision-tree logic. 3. RESULTS. The subjects were 219 patients who were admitted to the Nagoya University Hospital; the diagnostic categories had been already confirmed. In each diagnostic category, 10-20 cases of infectious disease, 34 of 74 cases of malignant disease, 2 of 6 cases of muscular disease, 14 of 14 cases of anemia, 2 of 16 cases of malignant tumor, 42 of 55 cases of reno-urinary disease, 8 of 14 cases of diabetes mellitus, 9 of 20 cases of gastrointestinal disease, 3 of 26 cases of bone disease, and 14 of 18 cases of hyperlipidemia were correctly diagnosed using the first step of this system. 4. DISCUSSION. This diagnosis supporting system was very efficient for screening anemia, reno-urinary disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia. If this system is combined with information from disease history and physical examination, the diagnosis will be both easy and enhanced. Since the system can suggest effective tests to pinpoint the disease, unnecessary tests will be avoided. Lower diagnostic accuracy was seen in infectious disease, malignant tumor, muscular disease, and bone disease. For these diagnostic categories, additional items are necessary. In conclusion, basic tests are very useful for screening anemia, reno-urinary disease, diabetes mellitus, and hyperlipidemia; the system can provide the minimum and correct test items for diagnosis in primary care.
 ...
PMID:A decision support system for diagnostic consultation in laboratory tests. 859 61

We report a case of Zieve's Syndrome that developed after an important alcohol consumption in a 32-yr-old female patient. She was admitted to the hospital with anorexia, asthenia and jaundice. Physical examination showed liver stigmata and hepatomegaly. Laboratory tests demonstrated increased aminotransferase levels, hyperbilirubinemia, hyperlipidemia and normocytic and normochromic anemia with dianocytes in peripheral blood smear. Ultrasonography showed a hyperechoic liver and a liver biopsy showed acute and chronic alcoholic liver disease. Clinical evolution was satisfactory and the therapy consisted of blood transfusion, parenteral fluids, B-complex vitamin and a fatty free diet. Jaundice, hyperlipidemia and haemolytic anemia define Zieve's Syndrome (Z.S.) There is a pathogenetic relationship among the clinical and biological phenomena in this syndrome, whose starter is an acute alcohol intake. Haemolysis is the distinctive feature with respect to the classical acute alcoholic hepatitis, and it is due to erythrocyte's metabolic and osmotic instability in relation to lipids abnormalities. Its clinical resolution precedes the normalization of serum lipids levels. Therapy is similar to that for acute alcoholic hepatitis although sometimes the anemia requires blood transfusion.
 ...
PMID:[Zieve's syndrome. A case report]. 864 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>