Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We present a case of a 43-year-old Japanese man with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) with severely elevated serum triglycerides (TG). He drank large quantities of alcohol but had no endocrinological disorder or diabetes mellitus. He had a recurrent, acute pancreatitis. His fasting serum total cholesterol (TC), TG, and HDL-C levels and an apolipoprotein E genotype of E3/E3 suggested a diagnosis of type V hyperlipidemia. Yet, the patient had bilateral Achilles tendinous xanthomata, which prompted us to conduct a gene analysis for the LDL receptor, and this revealed the heterozygous form of the 317 cysteine to serine mutation, demonstrating that this was a case of FH. We recommend that physicians consider the existence of FH, even in hyperlipidemic subjects with lipid profiles far from those typical of FH, whenever a patient has tendinous xanthomata.
 ...
PMID:Severely elevated serum triglycerides in a case of heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia with the 317 cysteine to serine mutation in the LDL receptor gene. 1596 38

Patients with extremely high triglyceride levels and associated lipemia are at high risk for acute pancreatitis. Two factors can increase triglyceride-rich lipoproteins; one is overproduction and other is a defect in clearance. Either mechanism can cause hypertriglyceridemia and both may exist simultaneously. Causes can be either primary or secondary. Plasmapheresis is efficacious for severe Hypertriglyceridemia in patients who have not responded to previous therapies. We have treated 15 cases of hypertriglyceridemia complicating the course of patients receiving Cyclosporin A after bone marrow transplantation. Five patients were treated with plasmapheresis, the other ten with cascade filtration. The removal rate for triglycerides was 58.0% for patients treated by cascade filtration and 63.5% for patients treated by plasmapheresis. The removal rates for triglycerides were low possibly as a consequence of early saturation of the filter.
 ...
PMID:Hypertriglyceridemia: apheretic treatment. 1628 40

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) is a rare but well known cause of acute pancreatitis (AP), which can be a life- threatening complication if the degree of HTG is severe enough. It might be primary in origin or secondary to alcohol abuse, diabetes mellitus, pregnancy, or drugs. A serum triglyceride (TG) level of more than 1,000 to 2,000 mg/dL in patients with type I, IV, or V hyperlipidemia (Fredrickson's classification) is the identifiable risk factor. HTG-induced AP typically presents as an episode of AP or recurrent AP. The clinical course of HTG-induced AP is not different from other causes. Routine management of HTG-induced AP should be similar to other causes. A thorough family history of lipid abnormalities should be obtained, and an attempt to identify secondary causes should be made. The mainstay of treatment includes dietary restriction of fatty meal and lipid-lowering medications (mainly fibric acid derivatives). Although there are limited experiences with plasmapheresis, lipid apheresis, heparinization and insulin application, these can support the treatment of HTG- induced AP. We report two cases of HTG-induced AP which were successfully treated by plasmapheresis.
 ...
PMID:Acute pancreatitis due to hypertriglyceridemia: report of 2 cases. 1637 23

A case report of 28-year-old pregnant women (34 week of pregnancy) with acute pancreatitis is presented. Likely cause of pancreatitis in the patient was extreme combined hyperlipidemia. The subject underwent seven complicated surgeries and with a necessity of prolonged intensive post-operative care. A year apart from the episode of acute pancreatitis both the patient and her baby are doing well. Pancreatic function has been restored and plasma lipid levels are, with appropriate medication, within normal ranges. Analysis of the problematic the relationship between hypertriglyceridemia, pregnancy and acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:[Severe necrotizing pancreatitis during pregnancy]. 1644 84

There is a well-recognised association between hyperlipidaemia and acute pancreatitis. However, the role of hyperlipidaemia in modulating disease course is not clear. The aim of the study was to conduct a prospective study in acute pancreatitis to assess the relation between hyperlipidaemia and disease severity using current disease descriptors. The study population constituted 43 patients with acute pancreatitis, admitted during the calendar year 2001. There were 19 (44%) males. The median (range) age was 50 (21-86) years. Serum triglycerides, cholesterol and high-density lipids were measured on admission. Patients were followed-up for at least 6 months after discharge. Principal outcomes were relation between hyperlipidaemia and peri-pancreatic complications and end-of-episode disease severity. The results showed that hypertriglyceridaemia was present in 14 patients (33%). There was a significant difference in mean (SEM) serum triglyceride levels between patients with alcohol-induced pancreatitis compared with pancreatitis of other aetiologies [3.07 (1.0) mmol/l vs. 1.26 (0.11) mmol/l; p = 0.03, Fisher's exact test]. There was no correlation between admission hypertriglyceridaemia and admission APACHE II score (r(2) = 0.0015). Similarly, there was no correlation between triglyceride level and either pancreatic inflammatory complications or final outcome. In conclusion, this study has demonstrated that there was no significant correlation between hypertriglyceridaemia and either complications of disease or overall end-of-episode severity in this population of patients with acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Hyperlipidaemia and outcome in acute pancreatitis. 1645 Dec 86

Acute pancreatitis is a common disease with an annual incidence of between 5 and 80 people per 100,000 of the population. The two major etiological factors responsible for acute pancreatitis are alcohol and cholelithiasis (gallstones). The proportion of patients with pancreatitis caused by alcohol or gallstones varies markedly in different countries and regions. The incidence of acute alcoholic pancreatitis is considered to be associated with high alcohol consumption. Although the incidence of alcoholic pancreatitis is much higher in men than in women, there is no difference in sexes in the risk involved after adjusting for alcohol intake. Other risk factors include endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, surgery, therapeutic drugs, HIV infection, hyperlipidemia, and biliary tract anomalies. Idiopathic acute pancreatitis is defined as acute pancreatitis in which the etiological factor cannot be specified. However, several studies have suggested that this entity includes cases caused by other specific disorders such as microlithiasis. Acute pancreatitis is a potentially fatal disease with an overall mortality of 2.1%-7.8%. The outcome of acute pancreatitis is determined by two factors that reflect the severity of the illness: organ failure and pancreatic necrosis. About half of the deaths in patients with acute pancreatitis occur within the first 1-2 weeks and are mainly attributable to multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). Depending on patient selection, necrotizing pancreatitis develops in approximately 10%-20% of patients and the mortality is high, ranging from 14% to 25% of these patients. Infected pancreatic necrosis develops in 30%-40% of patients with necrotizing pancreatitis and the incidence of MODS in such patients is high. The recurrence rate of acute pancreatitis is relatively high: almost half the patients with acute alcoholic pancreatitis experience a recurrence. When the gallstones are not treated, the risk of recurrence in gallstone pancreatitis ranges from 32% to 61%. After recovering from acute pancreatitis, about one-third to one-half of acute pancreatitis patients develop functional disorders, such as diabetes mellitus and fatty stool; the incidence of chronic pancreatitis after acute pancreatitis ranges from 3% to 13%. Nevertheless, many reports have shown that most patients who recover from acute pancreatitis regain good general health and return to their usual daily routine. Some authors have emphasized that endocrine function disorders are a common complication after severe acute pancreatitis has been treated by pancreatic resection.
 ...
PMID:JPN Guidelines for the management of acute pancreatitis: epidemiology, etiology, natural history, and outcome predictors in acute pancreatitis. 1646 7

To examine whether acute pancreatitis is associated with use of valproic acid. Through the population-based hospital discharge registries we identified all patients with an incident hospitalization of acute pancreatitis in the counties of North Jutland (data 1991 to 2003), Aarhus (data 1996 to 2003), and Viborg (data 1998 to 2003), Denmark. From the Danish Civil Registration System, we selected 10 sex-matched and age-matched population controls per case on the basis of risk set sampling. All prescriptions of valproic acid and other antiepileptic drugs within 90 days (present users) or 91 to 365 days (past users) before hospital admission with acute pancreatitis, or index date among controls, were collected from the prescription databases in the counties. We performed conditional logistic regression to estimate the relative risk of acute pancreatitis after exposure to valproic acid or other antiepileptic drugs, adjusting for gallstone diseases, alcohol-related diseases, hyperlipidemia, and hypercalcemia. We included 3083 cases of acute pancreatitis and 30,830 population controls. The adjusted odds ratio (OR) for acute pancreatitis in present users of valproic acid was 1.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.1-3.3); for past users, the adjusted OR was 2.6 (95% CI, 0.8-8.7). For users of other antiepileptic drugs, the corresponding adjusted ORs were 1.6 (95% CI, 1.2-2.2) and 1.8 (95% CI, 1.1-3.0). Use of valproic acid is associated with an elevated relative risk estimate for acute pancreatitis, but it was not materially different from past use or use of other antiepileptic drugs. Therefore, our data challenge the hypothesis that valproic acid is an independent risk factor for acute pancreatitis.
 ...
PMID:Valproic acid and risk of acute pancreatitis: a population-based case-control study. 1664 26

We present a case of acute pancreatitis during pregnancy, associated with hyperlipidemia. The patient, 23 years old in 36 g. w., was hospitalized at the Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology with nausea, multiple vomitting, persistent abdominal pain and febrility. Because of the clinical apperance of acute pancreatitis Ceaserean Section was performed with subsequent revision of the abdominal cavity, necrectomy of the pancreas, laparostoma, lavage, drainage, nutritional yienostoma. Intubation with artificial pulmonary ventilation and high volume continuous veno-venous haemofiltration (HV CVVH) was performed because of the development of polyorgan insufficiency and ARDS. After the procedure the patient condition became stable. After four months of hospitalisation, she was discharged from hospital with stable vital signs.
 ...
PMID:[Hyperlipidemic pancreatitis during pregnancy--a case report]. 1667 57

Glycogen storage disorder type 1A (GSD 1A) is an inherited disorder of glycogen metabolism characterized by fasting hypoglycemia, lactic acidosis, hyperuricemia, and hyperlipidemia. These children have a higher risk of developing pancreatitis because of hypertriglyceridemia. Drug-induced pancreatitis accounts for a small proportion of cases of pancreatitis. The mechanism of drug-induced pancreatitis include hypersensitivity, direct toxic injury or indirectly by inducing hypertriglyceridemia. Propofol is often the drug of choice for induction of anesthesia in ambulatory surgical procedures. There are various reports in the literature describing pancreatitis induced by propofol. We present a 4-year-old girl with GSD 1A, who required tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy under general anesthesia. She developed acute pancreatitis in the postoperative period. Propofol was used as a general anesthetic and the postoperative incidence of pancreatitis is discussed.
 ...
PMID:Acute pancreatitis after anesthesia with propofol in a child with glycogen storage disease type IA. 1671 86

Hypertriglyceridemia is an established cause of pancreatitis. In a case-based approach, we present a review of hypertriglyceridemia and how it can cause pancreatitis. We outline how to investigate and manage such patients. A 35 year old man presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain and biochemical evidence of acute pancreatitis. There was no history of alcohol consumption and biliary imaging was normal. The only relevant past medical history was that of mild hyperlipidemia, treated with diet alone. Physical exam revealed epigastric tenderness, right lateral rectus palsy, lipemia retinalis, bitemporal hemianopsia and a delay in the relaxation phase of his ankle reflexes. Subsequent laboratory investigation revealed marked hypertriglyceridemia and panhypopituarism. An enhanced CT scan of the head revealed a large suprasellar mass impinging on the optic chiasm and hypothalamus. The patient was treated supportively; thyroid replacement and lipid lowering agents were started. He underwent a successful resection of a craniopharyngioma. Post-operatively, the patient did well on hormone replacement therapy. He has had no further attacks of pancreatitis. This case highlights many of the factors involved in the regulation of triglyceride metabolism. We review the common causes of hypertriglyceridemia and the proposed mechanisms resulting in pancreatitis. The incidence and management of hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis are also discussed.
 ...
PMID:Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: A case-based review. 1755 20


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10