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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Gaps is a bedside diagnostic game. It is played in two versions by nephrologists. It deserves wider application by the practicing physician. The more popular version, Anion Gaps, shows the presence of undetermined anions and alerts the physician to the possibilities of laboratory error, severe derangements in serum protein metabolism, or the ingestion of certain ionic compounds that directly or indirectly alter the concentration of routinely undetermined anions. A second version, Osmolal Gaps, shows the presence of unmeasured osmoles or of increased plasma solids and can be used in a variety of clinical situations to direct attention to laboratory, error, hyperproteinemia, hyperlipidemia, or the presence of unmeasured osmoles in the serum.
JAMA 1976 Oct 04
PMID:Gaps--anionic and osmolal. 98 32

Malnutrition is common among alcoholics because alcohol displaces protein-, vitamin-, and mineral-containing foods in the diet, and chronic alcohol consumption results in maldigestion and malabsorption of essential nutrients. In addition, alcohol exerts direct toxic effects on both the liver and gut, resulting in structural alterations in the intestine and the development of fatty liver, alcoholic hepatitis, and cirrhosis. Liver injury is preceded by an adaptive phase characterized by accelerated metabolism of drugs (including ethanol), and hyperlipemia, secondary to hypertrophy and hyperactivity of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. Side effects include enhanced hepatotoxicity of CCI4 and possibly energy wastage. Alcoholics should not be led to beleive that correction or prevention of nutritional deficiency will prevent liver damage in the face of continued alcohol abuse.
JAMA 1975 Sep 08
PMID:Alcohol and malnutrition in the pathogenesis of liver disease.. 117 54

The frontiers in atherosclerosis research are moving from lipoprotein metabolism and control of hyperlipidemia to the cellular events in the artery wall. Emerging hypotheses, including the oxidative modification hypothesis, are already suggesting new approaches that could complement and be additive to control of hypercholesterolemia in the prevention of atherosclerosis.
JAMA 1990 Dec 19
PMID:Lipoproteins and atherogenesis. Current concepts. 224 34

The clinical recognition of diffuse lymphadenopathy generates a variety of important differential diagnostic considerations. We describe a woman with severe hypertriglyceridemia (type V hyperlipidemia) associated with diffuse lymphadenopathy. This association has not been described previously and should be included in the differential diagnosis of diffuse lymphadenopathy.
JAMA 1990 Aug 08
PMID:Lymphadenopathy associated with severe hypertriglyceridemia. 224 22

Thirteen patients with phenotypic type V hyperlipidemia were treated with either gemfibrozil (Lopid) or a placebo in a randomized, double-blind, crossover study for two 8-week periods. A 4-week baseline period of a low-fat diet preceded the study and served as a dietary control period. A 4-week washout period followed the two 8-week periods. Compared with the placebo phase, gemfibrozil produced a significant reduction in the concentrations of total plasma triglycerides (21.03 vs 5.50 mmol/L) and very low-density lipoprotein triglycerides (14.40 vs 4.59 mmol/L) as well as in total plasma cholesterol levels (10.88 vs 5.62 mmol/L) and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (6.66 vs 2.15 mmol/L). Chylomicronemia was virtually abolished by the drug treatment. As expected in treated patients with type V hyperlipidemia, concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol rose after therapy with gemfibrozil (3.08 mmol/L) as compared with placebo (1.84 mmol/L); high-density lipoprotein cholesterol also increased (0.85 mmol/L after therapy with gemfibrozil, 0.62 mmol/L after placebo). The previously very low values for both of these lipoproteins increased at the same time that the total plasma cholesterol value decreased. We conclude that gemfibrozil is a well-tolerated and effective hypolipidemic agent for the treatment of patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia when used in conjunction with a low-fat diet.
JAMA 1989 Dec 08
PMID:The hypolipidemic effects of gemfibrozil in type V hyperlipidemia. A double-blind, crossover study. 268 58

Accelerated atherosclerosis is a leading cause of death in long-term survivors of heart and renal transplantation and may be exacerbated by the frequent occurrence of posttransplant hyperlipidemia. Attempts to define the mechanism for hyperlipidemia in transplant recipients are confounded by dramatic changes in metabolism and nutritional status after transplantation, as well as by treatment with multiple immunosuppressive and antihypertensive drugs. To avoid these pitfalls and to determine if cyclosporine alone adversely affects lipid levels, we measured lipoprotein levels in a prospective, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of cyclosporine in 36 men with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Plasma total cholesterol, triglyceride, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B levels were measured at baseline, 2 weeks, 1 month, and 2 months. Significant increases of 21% in total cholesterol, 31% in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and 12% in apolipoprotein B levels occurred only in the cyclosporine group. Cyclosporine therapy alone adversely affects plasma lipoprotein levels by increasing total cholesterol levels, primarily due to an increase in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level.
JAMA 1989 Jul 07
PMID:Effects of cyclosporine therapy on plasma lipoprotein levels. 273 25

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity, disability, and death among patients with type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus. Moreover, hyperlipidemia is also common among these patients. Despite this, there are virtually no data regarding the level of awareness and treatment of hyperlipidemia among diabetic subjects at the community level. We therefore examined 374 Mexican-Americans and 86 non-Hispanic whites with type II diabetes identified in an epidemiologic survey that involved 3279 Mexican-Americans and 1847 non-Hispanic whites who resided in San Antonio, Tex. More than 40% of the diabetic subjects were hyperlipidemic according to the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program, and an additional 23% had hypertriglyceridemia and/or low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. By contrast, less than one fourth of the nondiabetic subjects were hyperlipidemic. Only approximately 25% of non-Hispanic whites with diabetes were aware of their hyperlipidemia, and less than 10% were receiving treatment. Awareness and treatment were even less frequent among Mexican-Americans with diabetes. Community physicians should be encouraged to give early attention to the management of lipid disorders in their diabetic patients.
JAMA 1989 Jul 21
PMID:Lack of awareness and treatment of hyperlipidemia in type II diabetes in a community survey. 249 11

A nicotine chewing gum has recently become available for use as an aid in giving up cigarette smoking. Although its efficacy has been demonstrated in clinic-based smoking cessation programs, its value in a primary care setting is uncertain. We examined the cost-effectiveness of nicotine gum as an adjunct to physician's advice and counseling against smoking during routine office visits. Our findings indicate that the cost per year of life saved with this intervention ranges from $4113 to $6465 for men and from $6880 to $9473 for women, depending on age. This compares favorably with other widely accepted medical practices, eg, treatment of hypertension or hyperlipidemia. Our study, therefore, suggests that nicotine gum is a cost-effective adjunct to physician's advice against cigarette smoking in a primary care setting.
JAMA 1986 Sep 12
PMID:Cost-effectiveness of nicotine gum as an adjunct to physician's advice against cigarette smoking. 309 57

Eruptive and tubero-eruptive xanthomas arising at the site of previous minor skin injury are described in two patients with type IV and type III hyperlipidemia, respectively. In one case, the lesions appeared following a cat scratch, while in the second, massive bee stinging preceded the appearance of a constellation of xanthomas.
JAMA 1988 Sep 02
PMID:Eruptive and tubero-eruptive xanthomas of the skin arising on sites of prior injury. Two case reports. 316 71

Hyperlipidemia, particularly hypercholesterolemia, occurs in cardiac transplant recipients both as a preexisting condition and as a consequence of immunosuppressive therapy. Lovastatin (Mevacor) has emerged as an agent that may effectively manage this condition. Few serious side effects of this drug have been observed. We describe two cardiac transplant recipients treated with lovastatin in conjunction with their other medications, including cyclosporine, who developed acute renal failure and rhabdomyolysis. Resolution of muscle damage followed discontinuation of cyclosporine and lovastatin therapy. We postulate that hepatic dysfunction secondary to cyclosporine predisposed these patients to lovastatin-induced muscle damage. Use of this drug in cardiac and other organ transplant recipients should be accompanied by close surveillance of creatine kinase, hepatic transaminases, and cyclosporine levels.
JAMA 1988 Jul 08
PMID:Rhabdomyolysis and renal injury with lovastatin use. Report of two cases in cardiac transplant recipients. 329 May 20


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