Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Mortality rates associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) are high in long-term dialysis patients. Increased levels of plasma fibrinogen (FBG), coagulation factor VII (FVII), tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) as well as hyperlipidemia are regarded as important risk factors for CVD. To investigate whether there are differences in the risk of CVD between chronic hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients, serum lipid levels and plasma FBG, FVII, t-PA, and PAI-1 levels were measured in 17 patients on HD and 17 patients on CAPD. FBG was measured by the thrombin time method, FVII activity (FVIIc) by the chromogenic prothrombin time method, and t-PA and PAI-1 activity by the chromogenic substrate assay. No difference was found in body mass index (BMI) between HD and CAPD patients. Total cholesterol (TC), TC/high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-C ratio, low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-C, and triglycerides (TG) were significantly increased, and HDL-C was significantly decreased in CAPD patients compared with HD patients. FBG and FVIIc were significantly elevated in CAPD patients compared with controls or HD patients. T-PA activities were significantly higher in HD and CAPD patients than in controls. CAPD patients showed significantly higher PAI-1 activities than controls or HD patients. Significant positive correlations were found between FBG or FVIIc and TC, between FBG and LDL-C or TG, and between FVIIc and LDL-C in these patients. T-PA showed significant negative correlations with FBG, PAI-1, TC, LDL-C, and TG. There was a significant positive correlation between PAI-1 and TG and a significant negative correlation between PAI-1 and HDL-C. We conclude that CAPD patients may have a greater risk of CVD than do HD patients, and that coagulation and fibrinolytic activity are correlated with lipid disorders in these patients.
...
PMID:Fibrinogen, coagulation factor VII, tissue plasminogen activator, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, and lipid as cardiovascular risk factors in chronic hemodialysis and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients. 865 Dec 50

The nephrotic syndrome is frequently associated with hyperlipidaemia and hyperfibrinogenaemia, leading to an increased coronary and thrombotic risk, which may be enhanced by high lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] concentrations. We followed the quantitative and qualitative pattern of plasma lipoproteins over 18 months in a patient with nephrotic syndrome suffering from premature coronary artery disease and with elevated level of Lp(a) (470 mg dL-1). Analysis of kinetic parameters after heparin-induced extracorporeal plasma apheresis revealed a reduced fractional catabolic rate for both low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and Lp(a). After improvement of the nephrotic syndrome, Lp(a) decreased to 169 mg dL-1 and LDL concentrations were normalized. The decrease of Lp(a) was associated with an increase in plasma albumin concentrations. Analysis of apo(a) isoforms in the patient showed the presence of isoform S2 (alleles 10 and 19). Consequently, the authors' present strategy is to normalize the elevated Lp(a) and fibrinogen levels. For this purpose heparin-mediated extracorporeal LDL precipitation (HELP) apheresis is a promising regimen, helping to reduce the thrombotic risk and prevent coronary and graft atherosclerosis as well as the progression of glomerulosclerosis in our patient.
...
PMID:Hyperlipoprotein(a)aemia in nephrotic syndrome. 873 90

Out of 12 patients with primary hyperlipidemia (HL) included in the study ischemic heart disease was diagnosed in 4 and hypertension stage I-II in 6 patients. HL stage II B, III, IV and V was registered in 7, 2, 2 and 1 patients, respectively. Hypolipidemic therapy included hypolipidemic diet and Lipanor (Sanofi-Chinoin-Winthrop, France) in a dose 100 mg once a day after evening meal. The course lasted 3 months. Blood serum was examined for concentrations of total cholesterol (CS), triglycerides (TG), CS of HDLP, glucose, uric acid, prothrombin, fibrinogen, alanine and asparagine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, creatinine, total bilirubin. After 1 month of lipanol treatment mean total CS concentration in the serum fell by 21.9% and remained such for 2-3 months of treatment. 1 month after the drug discontinuation mean concentration of total CS was under the initial one by 4.65%. Mean serum concentrations of TG 1 month after treatment decreased by 41.7%, after 2 months by 48.8%. Mean concentration of HDLP CS after 1 month of treatment rose by 19.2% and by 33.1% after one more month. 1 month after Lipanor discontinuation mean HDLP CS concentration exceeded the baseline level by 16%. Fibrinogen and prothrombin index declined. Hypolipidemic effect of Lipanor varied from case to case.
...
PMID:[A trial of the use of the hypolipidemic preparation Lipanor (ciprofibrate) in patients with primary hyperlipidemia]. 877 89

In 12 weeks of active treatment, we compared the efficacy and safety of a new (micronized) formulation of fenofibrate (F) (200 mg/day) with that of simvastatin (S) (20 mg/day), an inhibitor of hydroxy-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA)-reductase. Men and women with primary hyperlipoproteinemia (HLP) with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol level 180-300 mg/dl and triglyceride level < 500 mg/dl had dietary treatment for 8 weeks, and 133 (2 of 3 type IIa, 1 of 3 type IIb HLP) were randomized. The decrease in total cholesterol differed between type IIa patients (F - 17.9 vs. S - 25.8%), the decrease in triglyceride levels between the type II b groups (F - 52.8 vs. S - 14%), whereas the degree of decrease in LDL cholesterol (F - 20.9 vs. S - 34.9%) differed among all patients. Despite the difference in LDL cholesterol decrease, no difference was noted in total apolipoprotein (apo) B lowering (F - 20.8 and S - 26.5%). Increases in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (F + 18.5 vs. S + 15%) differed specifically in type IIb patients (F + 33.6 vs. S + 11.4%), accompanied by a more pronounced increase in apo AI with fenofibrate (F + 10.5% vs. S no change). Improvement in the ratios of total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol and apo AI/apo B occurred similarly with both drugs. Only fenofibrate, not simvastatin, decreased both fibrinogen (-10.3 vs. + 3.6%) and uric acid (-25% vs. no change) in type IIa and type IIb patients. Safety parameters reflected drug-specific known side effects, underscoring the safety of both drugs in addition to their efficacy in lipid lowering. Besides its advantages in type IIb hyperlipidemia, micronized fenofibrate proved a potent drug in decreasing total and LDL cholesterol and in very effectively decreasing apo B-containing lipoproteins, which is a recommendation for its use in primary hypercholesterolemia.
...
PMID:Multicenter comparison of micronized fenofibrate and simvastatin in patients with primary type IIA or IIB hyperlipoproteinemia. 884 74

The association between plasma fibrinogen and the presence of carotid, femoral, and aortic plaque (high-resolution B-mode ultrasonography) and coronary calcium deposit (ultrafast computed tomography scanner) was determined in 693 hypercholesterolemic, never-treated men free of previous or current clinical symptoms of cardiovascular disease. The number of subjects with extracoronary disease sites and coronary calcification deposits was significantly higher in the upper than in the lower tertile of fibrinogen. Plasma fibrinogen increased according to the number of diseased sites. The odds ratio of the upper to lower fibrinogen tertile for the presence of arterial lesions was 2.6 (1.7 to 4) for carotid, 2.2 (1.5 to 3.2) for aorta, 2.2 (1.5 to 3.1) for femoral, 1.8 (1.3 to 2.6) for coronary, and 3.6 (2.3 to 6.1) for one of four diseased sites. Adjustment for age, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, current smoking, and systolic pressure slightly reduced the association between fibrinogen and atherosclerosis. A synergistic effect between fibrinogen and total cholesterol/ HDL cholesterol (TC/HDL) ratio seemed to be operating on atherosclerosis, because nearly all of the individuals (98%) had a diseased site when fibrinogen and TC/HDL tertiles were the highest. This result suggests that fibrinogen is involved in the subclinical phase of extracoronary and coronary atherosclerosis and may potentiate the atherogenic effect of hyperlipidemia.
...
PMID:Fibrinogen and its relations to subclinical extracoronary and coronary atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolemic men. 901 36

Hyperlipidemia and elevated lipoprotein (a) (Lp[a]) levels have been linked to the development and progression of premature atherosclerosis. Our study concerned 2 white male patients (aged 36 and 42 years) with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia and extremely elevated Lp(a) concentrations that were resistant to diet regimens and lipid-lowering drugs. The patients were treated with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) apheresis for 59 months (Liposorber system, Kaneka, Japan) and 19 months (immunoadsorption system, special Lp(a) columns; Lipopak; Pocard, Russia), respectively. The concentration of Lp(a) decreased on average by 50%, total cholesterol by 27%, LDL cholesterol by 41%, triglycerides by 43%, and fibrinogen by 16%. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol increased by approximately 4%. Before treatment with LDL apheresis, each patient had suffered 3 myocardial infarctions, and had had 4 and 6 coronary angiographies with 2 and 4 percutaneous transluminal angioplasties (PTCAs), respectively. Since treatment with LDL apheresis, no myocardial infarctions or cardiac complaints were observed. In the course of treatment, both patients reported an increased performance. Available data suggest that LDL apheresis may be effective in the treatment of patients, the only risk factor for premature atherosclerosis being extremely elevated Lp(a) concentrations.
...
PMID:Low-density lipoprotein apheresis in the treatment of two patients with coronary heart disease and extremely elevated lipoprotein (a) levels. 913 21

The aim of this study was to evaluate the lipid-lowering effect of acipimox as compared to pravastatin in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. One hundred and six subjects, all males, aged 18-60 years, with total cholesterol (TC) > or = 200 mg/dl, TC/HDL-C ratio > or = 5, triglycerides (TG) > or = 200 and > or = 350 mg/dl were randomized to receive acipimox 250 mg thrice daily or pravastatin 20 mg once daily for 3 months, according to a double-blind, double-dummy design. After a 1-month wash-out period patients were crossed to the alternative regimen for further 3 months. Prior to and at the end of each treatment period, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, blood glucose, and fibrinogen were evaluated. Both acipimox and pravastatin significantly decreased TC, LDL-C, TC/HDL-C ratio and TG and increased HDL-C, without affecting plasma glucose. However, at the dosages employed in the study acipimox was more effective in reducing TG and increasing HDL-C levels, whereas pravastatin was more efficient in decreasing TC and LDL-C. There was no difference between the 2 treatments in their effects on TC/HDL-C ratio. Unlike pravastatin acipimox caused a slight but significant reduction in fibrinogen plasma levels. No serious adverse event was observed with either drug, but a major incidence of side-effects was reported during treatment with acipimox. Our findings suggest that, although both drugs at the standard dose employed in the study were effective in improving the lipid profile; in the treatment of combined hyperlipidemia acipimox might be preferable in the presence of more pronounced hypertriglyceridemia with low levels of HDL-C, whereas pravastatin might be more useful when hypercholesterolemia is predominant.
...
PMID:Comparative study of acipimox and pravastatin in patients with combined hyperlipidemia. 914 9

Fibrinogen is an important risk factor for atherosclerosis, stroke and cardiovascular heart disease (CHD). This risk is increased when associated with a high serum cholesterol. Furthermore, it is also believed that not only fibrinogen concentration, but also the quality of fibrin networks may be an important risk factor for the development of CHD. CHD and stroke as a result of atherosclerosis, plus the related problems of hyperinsulinaemia, hyperlipidaemia and hypertension are strongly related to diet. The "western" diet, defined by low fibre and high fat, sucrose and animal protein intakes, appears to be a major factor leading to death. It has been established that the water-soluble dietary fibre, pectin, significantly decrease the concentration of serum cholesterol levels. Evidence is also accumulating that a diet rich in fibre may protect against diseases associated with raised clotting factors. This investigation studied the possible effects of pectin on fibrinogen levels and fibrin network architecture. Two groups of 10 male hyperlipidaemic volunteers each, received a pectin supplement (15 g/day) or placebo (15 g/day) for 4 weeks. Lipid and fibrin network structure variables were measured at baseline and the end of supplementation. Pectin supplementation caused significant decreases in total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A & B and lipoprotein (a). Significant changes in the characteristics of fibrin networks developed in the plasma of the pectin supplemented group indicated that networks were more permeable and had lower tensile strength. These network structures are believed to be less atherogenic. It is suspected that pectin modified network characteristics by a combination of its effects on metabolism and altered fibrin conversion. This confirms the therapeutic possibilities of dietary intervention. Furthermore, this study also showed that changes in plasma fibrinogen need not be present to induce alterations in fibrin network architecture.
...
PMID:Dietary pectin influences fibrin network structure in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. 917 40

We studied the involvement of coagulation and fibrinolysis system in the induction and development of atherosclerosis in rabbits with hyperlipidemia induced by a high-cholesterol diet (HCD). In HCD rabbits, plasma lipids and atherogenic indices were maintained at a high level throughout the experimental period compared with those in rabbits fed on a standard diet. In the early phase, a significant increase in fibrinogen level was followed by increases in the activities of plasminogen and tissue-type plasminogen activator with a decrease in alpha 2-plasmin inhibitor activity and platelet count. In the middle and late phases, significant increases in plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and antithrombin-III were observed in HCD rabbits. These results suggest that the early enhancement of coagulation followed by high activity of fibrinolysis is involved in the induction and development of hyperlipidemic thromboembolism and atherosclerosis in HCD rabbits.
...
PMID:Involvement of enhanced coagulation and fibrinolysis system in induction of atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic rabbits fed on a high cholesterol diet. 917 3

We investigated the usefulness of the fluorogenic prothrombin time (FPT) for detection of hypercoagulability and its association with hyperlipidemia in 19 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and 10 healthy control subjects, compared with plasma levels of fibrinogen, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) and D-dimer. We also evaluated the effect of bezafibrate on hypercoagulability in 10 hyperlipidemic NIDDM patients. The plasma levels of FPT and fibrinogen were significantly higher in hyperlipidemic NIDDM patients than in normolipidemic NIDDM patients and controls. Plasma levels of PAI-1 and D-dimer were significantly higher in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic NIDDM patients compared with controls. The FPT was correlated with the HbA1c, the body mass index, and levels of total cholesterol, fibrinogen and PAI-1. Six-months therapy with bezafibrate reduced the levels of FPT, triglycerides and basal insulin, but did not alter levels of fibrinogen, PAI-1 and D-dimer. Our results showed that the FPT was useful for detection of hypercoagulability and evaluation of the effect of drugs. The increased FPT in patients with NIDDM suggested that hypercoagulability was present in association with hyperlipidemia.
...
PMID:Effect of bezafibrate on hypercoagulability assessed by fluorogenic prothrombin time in hyperlipidemic patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. 921 24


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---