Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A case of acute intestinal vascular necrosis in a 19-year-old user of oral contraceptives (OCs) is described, and hypotheses explaining the digestive complications of synthetic estrogens are reviewed. The patient had originally presented with a violent gastric pain that subsequently spread to the entire abdomen. An abrupt worsening of her condition involved cardiovascular collapse associated with a peritoneal syndrome, vomiting and dehydration, and hyperleukocytosis. Emergency opening of the peritoneum was followed by evacuation of a large quantity of fetid gas and alimentary debris, and observation of a completely necrosed stomach. A careful lavage of the entire intestinal cavity led to temporary improvement, but it became clear during an attempt at gastrectomy that further treatment would be unavailing and the patient died shortly thereafter. Estrogens were believed to be responsible for the digestive necrosis because it occurred in a young woman who had used an estrogen-rich OC for 3 years and who smoked; a hapatic biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. No traces of other risk factors such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes, neoplasia, or obesity were observed. Recent publications indicate that OCs are responsible for a certain number of digestive problems, which may include acceleration of intestinal transit, severe diarrhea, rectorrhagia, ischemic or ulcerative colitis, intestinal infarct which is usually localized, and hepatocellular problems ranging from moderate hepatic insufficiency to malignant tumor and Budd-Chiari syndrome. OCs do not modify hemodynamic regimes, but they may cause elevation of fibrinogen and thrombin, diminution of antithrombin III acitivty, increased platelet adhesivity, and decreased fibrinolysis leading to hypercoagulability. These modifications in hemostasis occur in all OC users and are not statistically correlated with occurence of thrombotic accidents. OCs are probably responsible for parietal vascular lesions; experimental injection of synthetic estrogens is associated with both arterial and venous lesions. The most characteristic anomaly is at the level of the intima, with proliferation of smooth muscle cells and increased conjunctive tissue fibers associated with proliferation of the media or the endothelium. The absence of lipid deposits, the simultaneous appearance of arterial and venous lesions, and other evidence argues against and atheromatous origin of parietal lesions. A significant correlation has been found between high levels of anti-synthetic ethinyl estradiol antibodies and the presence of vascular lesions. It is hypothesized that these circulating immune complexes penetrate the vascular walls of OC users and produce lesions, which may depend on factors such as smoking.
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PMID:[Digestive complications of oral contraceptives: a case of extensive digestive necrosis in a young woman]. 647 54

Variables of haemostatis were studied in 21 men, aged less than 50 years, with confirmed coronary artery disease but without severe hyperlipidaemia and in 21 healthy controls. Fibrinogen concentrations were significantly raised in the patients, 10 (48%) of whom also showed defective fibrinolysis in response to a standard stress test. These findings suggest that hypercoagulability may be important in the aetiology of some cases of early onset coronary artery disease.
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PMID:Hypercoagulability and coronary artery disease. 654 21

Severe toxemia of pregnancy is associated with hypercoagulability and hyperlipemia in general. Heparin, a substance having an anticoagulant action and a lipemia-clearing action, was used clinically, and the changes induced by the heparin administration were examined. The GI value was significantly improved. The body weight showed a tendency to decrease. Fibrinogen tended to be decreased. The urine volume was significantly increased. Histologic observations on the placenta gave the impression that fibrin deposition in the placental tissue had been decreased by heparin.
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PMID:Effect of heparin treatment in cases of severe toxemia. 665 69

The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the benefits and the potential risks of a very low calorie protein-diet in obese patients with metabolic abnormalities and at increased cardiovascular risk. To this end, the 420 kcal diet (with 50% of energy as protein) was administered for 10 days to 10 grossly obese subjects with glucose intolerance, hyperlipemia, arterial hypertension, ischemic cardiopathy and thrombotic risk related to high levels of fibrinogen factor VIII and reduced fibrinolytic activity. Weights loss averaged 360 g/day with a mean protein loss of 17 g/day occurring essentially during the very early phase of the diet. There was a rapid normalisation of blood pressure, plasma lipids and glycaemia. With the exception of a slightly negative potassium balance other ion remained in balance. There was no change in electrocardiogram, in parameters of blood coagulation or in hepatic and renal function. There was only a moderate increase in ketonaemia and plasma urate. It appears therefore, that an 8 to 10 day very low calorie protein-diet is well tolerated even in obese patients with increased cardiovascular risk, and that it corrects of several metabolic abnormalities without alteration in cardiac, hepatic or renal function.
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PMID:[Evaluation of tolerance of a modified protein diet in obese subjects]. 665 61

The erythrocyte filterability was examined in 30 patients presenting identical values of fibrinogen and polymorphonuclear leucocytes (10 patients had normal values of lipemia, cholesterol and triglycerides and in the other 20 patients one or more of these parameters were altered). In the first group filterability values were homogeneous, while in the second group they were higher and widely dispersed. A close proportionality between the reduced filterability rate and cholesterolemic values was also found.
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PMID:[Hyperlipemia and erythrocyte filterability]. 667 11

A life-long bleeding disorder is described, characterized by hemorrhage occurring after surgery, injury, or dental extraction, and finally by spontaneous intracerebral bleeding. No abnormality of platelet function or plasma coagulation was demonstrable, but grossly enhanced overall fibrinolytic activity was present. The patient had, additionally, a hyperlipidemia with gross arterial atheroma and a family history of myocardial infarction but not of any hemorrhagic disorder. Laboratory studies led to the conclusion that the enhanced fibrinolysis was due to consistently greatly raised levels of a plasma plasminogen activator physically and immunologically related to that in human tissues and blood vessel endothelium. No deficiency of any known inhibitor of fibrinolysis was detected. Free plasmin was not detectable in functional assays but continuous intravascular plasmin generation clearly occurred as evidenced by presence of plasmin-alpha 2-antiplasmin complexes and of fibrin/fibrinogen-related antigens. Excessive production of plasminogen activator appeared to have occurred throughout life and to be independent of the hyperlipidemia. The pathologically increased fibrinolytic activity may have accounted for the complete absence of detectable thrombotic vascular occlusion at autopsy despite extensive arterial disease with severe narrowing of coronary and cerebral arteries.
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PMID:A new life-long hemorrhagic disorder due to excess plasminogen activator. 668 88

An increase of blood and plasma viscosity, an increased aggregation of erythrocytes and a decreased deformability of erythrocytes are pathogenetically important for a disturbance of the microcirculation. In rigidity of the vascular wall due to vasosclerosis according to Hagen-Poiseuille's law the fluidity of blood essentially determines the size of blood circulation, and a reduced blood flow by an impairment to the nutritive capillary blood supply leads to hypoxic tissue damages. For a series of pictures of a disease, such as polycythaemias, anaemias, paraproteinoses, diabetes mellitus, Raynaud's syndrome, myocardial infarction, degenerative angiopathies, are changes of the blood rheology of clinical relevancy. Own examinations on patients with chronic ischaemic heart disease resulted in a positive correlation between hyperviscosity and hyperlipidaemia. A treatment of the disturbed blood fluidity is at present possible by means of haemodilution, reduction of fibrinogen, improvement of the deformability of erythrocytes as well as of necessary by plasmapheresis.
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PMID:[The importance of hemorheology in internal medicine]. 675 Sep 41

The essential part played by rheological factors in the genesis of thrombosis and atherosclerosis has often been mentioned. Thus, we undertook an investigation on plasmatic rheological factors in an animal model with modifications in plasma lipids (homozygotic and heterozygotic "fatty" rats) compared to normal animals (Sprague-Dawley rats). Test parameters were: cholesterol, triglycerides, lipidograms, glucose, total proteins, fibrinogen, plasmatic viscosity. Experiments gave the following results in homozygotic animals as compared to heterozygotic rats and controls: hyperlipidemia with massive increase in triglycerides, hyperfibrinogenemia, increase in total proteins and glucose, modifications in lipidogram in the form of more lipoproteins migrating in the beta-position and fewer proteins migrating in the alpha-position. Such changes were accompanied by an increase in whole blood and plasma viscosity. After considering the various correlations between these parameters, the authors suggest the application of such an animal model to atherogenesis.
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PMID:Plasma viscosity and biochemical parameters in the "fatty" rat. 724 86

The effect of clofibrate on the same subjects in similar test conditions were used as a control to verify the alleged beneficial effects from garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia in normals and in cases with ischemic heart disease. The results showed that clofibrate checked the fat-induced (a) rises of serum triglyceride and plasma fibrinogen, and (b) falls of coagulation time (CT) and blood fibrinolytic activity (BFA). Only garlic had a clofibrate-like effect on CT but both garlic and onion checked the postprandial fall of BFA. Clofibrate, however, increased BFA even above the fasting level. Serum cholesterol and beta-lipoprotein were not appreciably affected by fat with or without any drug. Thus, surprisingly, the so-called beneficial effects of garlic and onion were not seen in subjects who had shown significant changes after clofibrate.
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PMID:Comparative effect of clofibrate, garlic and onion on alimentary hyperlipemia. 725 24

Pigs received for 24 weeks a high-lipid diet containing cholesterol and coconut oil. Blood lipid fractions were assayed, electrophoretic separation of lipoproteids was carried out, and tests for blood coagulation parameters (fibrinogen content, partial thromboplastin time, paracoagulation test, blood platelets aggregation) were carried out. In the blood serum of experimental animals the content of triglycerides, cholesterol, free fatty acids, lipid phosphorous and beta-lipoproteids gradually increased. A hyperlipidemia corresponding to type IV of Fredrickson was obtained. No parallel changes in the results of studies on blood coagulation parameters were observed.
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PMID:A model of experimental atherosclerosis in pigs. Part I. Study on blood lipids and coagulation. 731 19


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