Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020473 (hyperlipidemia)
 15,891 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four theories of atherogenesis are briefly reviewed and criticized: the degenerative, the thrombogenic, the platelet aggregation and the insudative theory. Evidence is presented in detail to suggest that a modified form of the insudative theory (1) accounts more satisfactorily than the other theories for the known association of risk factors with atherosclerosis and (2) allows one to understand how some of the more important risk factors operate at the level of the arterial wall. It is proposed that atherosclerotic plaques, and also certain extravascular lesions broadly associated with atherosclerosis (corneal arcus, xanthomas), arise because altered endothelial permeability allows certain reactive macromolecular plasma proteins (the plasma low density and very low density lipoproteins and fibrinogen, which are normally largely confined to the circulation) to permeate endothelium and interact with charged components of the connective tissue gel of the arterial wall or other tissues. The effect of hyperlipidemia, hypertension, arterial disease or injury upon this process, and the manner in which these factors interact, is examined in relation to experimental findings and clinical observations.
 ...
PMID:Pathogenetic mechanisms in atherosclerosis. 16 10

The influence of a new hypolipidaemic agent, bezafibrate, on anticoagulant requirements and fibrinolysis was studied in 15 patients with hyperlipidaemia on long-term treatment with racemic phenprocoumon. Our results suggest a dose-dependent augmentation of the anticoagulant response to the coumarin drug. Treatment with bezafibrate at 450 and 600 mg daily required a reduction of the phenprocoumon dose by 18.5 and 33.5%, respectively. Correspondingly, the serum level of phenprocoumon decreased by 11.6 and 35.3%. No evidence for an altered drug elimination of racemic phenprocoumon could be found during treatment with bezafibrate. The results support the hypothesis that bezafibrate and analogous hypolipidaemic drugs enhance the response to oral anticoagulant drugs by increasing the affinity of the receptor site for coumarins or the rate of degradation of the vitamin-K-dependent clotting factors. The investigation of the fibrinolytic enzyme system demonstrated an increase of the fibrinolytic activity by enhancing the activity of the plasminogen activator. The lysis time for euglobulin clot was reduced significantly, plasma fibrinogen only moderately. The antiplasmin activity could not be altered substantially by a decrease of alpha1-antitrypsin and a slight increase of alpha2-macroglobulin. In contrast with the inhibition of platelet function the effect of bezafibrate on the fibrinolytic enzyme system showed no dose dependence.
 ...
PMID:The effect of bezafibrate on the fibrinolytic enzyme system and the drug interaction with racemic phenprocoumon. 66 91

The effect of Etofibrate, a chemical compound of the two antihyperlipidemic agents Clofibrate and nicotinic acid, on elevated plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations was investigated in a 6 months' survey in 25 patients with different types of primary hyperlipidemia. A consistent reduction of fibrinogen levels to normal occurred after 6 months' therapy, whereas the effect on plasminogen concentrations was weaker and not significant. The fibrinogen-lowering effect of Etofibrate was not related to the pretreatment levels but nearly equal in all cases. The possible consequences on the hemostatic system are discussed. On account of the low daily dosage, apart from a slight flush, no side-effects were noted.
 ...
PMID:Influence of Etofibrate on plasma fibrinogen and plasminogen concentrations in patients with different forms of primary hyperlipoproteinemia. 100 13

Three plasma fibrinogen methods are presented based on (1) clottable protein assay by Biuret reagent, (2) measurement of clot absorbance and (3) thrombin time. These methods show good correlation and adequate precision on normal subjects as well as heparinized plasmas. The effects of interference owing to hemolysis, lipemia, bilirubin, heparin and fibrinogen degradation products are discussed briefly.
 ...
PMID:Comparison of three methods for plasma fibrinogen. 124 85

Hypercholesterolemia is seen as an important risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD), as the incidence of CAD is strongly correlated with the level of serum cholesterol in epidemiological studies. However, hypercoagulability and reduced fibrinolytic capacity, often seen in survivors of myocardial infarction, are associated with hypertriglyceridemia (possibly concomitant with low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol) and not with increased levels of total or low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The important role of thrombogenesis in CAD is supported by the fact that initial high levels of plasma fibrinogen, coagulation factor VII (VIIc), and plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) are all independent risk factors for CAD or recurrent myocardial infarction as found in multivariate analyses of epidemiological studies. Furthermore, high plasma levels of VIIc and PAI-1 are associated with hypertriglyceridemia, reduced glucose tolerance, overweight, and hyperinsulinemia. The contribution of thrombogenic risk factors to the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome (MCVS) is thus established. Diet intervention is preferable for the normalization of hypercoagulability and hypofibrinolysis associated with MCVS. In familial combined hyperlipidemia, however, and especially with concomitant thromboembolic disease, diet alone is often not sufficient, and drug treatment with anticoagulants and/or lipid-lowering drugs may be necessary.
 ...
PMID:Hypercoagulability and reduced fibrinolysis in hyperlipidemia: relationship to the metabolic cardiovascular syndrome. 128 67

Correction of cardiovascular risk factors is of particular significance in a high-risk population, such as that of diabetic patients. This paper reports the effects of one-month administration of 400 mg/day Bezafibrate (BZF), followed by a two-month wash-out and one-month administration of 500 mg/day Acipimox (APX) or vice versa in a random order in 16 Type 2 diabetic patients with diet-resistant hyperlipidaemia and in good metabolic control (HbA1c less than 8%), on plasma fibrinogen and on their lipid pattern. Metabolic control displayed a nonsignificant improvement (HbA1c) during both treatments (stable body weight). Both BZF and APX produced a 14% decrease in total CHOL (p less than 0.01), whereas BZF was more effective in reducing triglycerides (tg) (-37% vs -15%). The marked BZF-induced Tg reduction was associated with a proportional decrease in Apo B, while an increase in total HDL-, HDL2 and HDL3-CHOL, together with a significant increase in Apo AI, was observed. APX treatment resulted in a HDL2-CHOL increase only (+29%). Both drugs reduced VLDL-CHOL (BZF -37%; APX -15%) and VLDL-Tg (-56% and -34%). In BZF treated patients Apo CIII fell indicating a possible reduction of specific inhibition of lipoprotein lipase activity, while APX affected both Apo CII (+23%) and Apo CIII (-26%) and led to a 62% Apo CII/CIII ratio increase. BZF alone led to a significant 25% decrease in plasma fibrinogen (from 415 +/- 14.3 to 312.1 +/- 18.1 SEM mg/dl, p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 ...
PMID:Comparison of the effects of bezafibrate and acipimox on the lipid pattern and plasma fibrinogen in hyperlipidaemic type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. 139 77

A decrease in content of total cholesterol, triglycerides, fibrinogen, and atherogeneity index as well as increase in fibrinolytic activity and prolongation of the hemorrhage time were observed in blood serum of 20 patients with ischemic heart disease and hyperlipidemia of the IIa and IIb types maintained on anti-atherosclerotic diet containing 20 g of ichthyenic oil within 4 weeks. Relative content of polyunsaturated fatty acids omega 6 was decreased while the content of omega 3 fatty acids was distinctly increased in erythrocytes and blood platelets membranes, thus demonstrating the high efficiency of ichthyenic oil.
 ...
PMID:[The effect of diets containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids on biochemical indicators and the fatty acid composition of the cell membranes in patients with ischemic heart disease and hereditary hyperlipidemia]. 141 42

The present study was designed to assess the effectiveness of the n-3 fatty acids in modifying serum total, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, as well as serum triglycerides, over a seven-year period. Changes in plasma fibrinogen were recorded and long term safety assessed. A total of 365 subjects with ischemic heart disease (IHD), hyperlipidemia or a strong family history of IHD had their diet supplemented with MaxEPA (Seven Seas Ltd., Hull, England) fish oil containing 18-19% eicosapentaenoic acid. Venous blood samples were taken at regular intervals for lipid and fibrinogen assays and routine clinical chemistry and hematological profiling. Current medication was recorded and no further dietary modification was attempted. Triglyceride and fibrinogen were significantly reduced, whereas a significant reduction in total cholesterol occurred only in the subjects with a pre-oil level greater than 6.5 mmol/L. HDL cholesterol significantly increased over the study period. Clinical chemistry and hematological profiles were not adversely affected, and platelet count did not change significantly. The type of lipid changes observed were those usually considered antiatherogenic. Reducing fibrinogen may result in beneficial changes in the pathological processes leading to thrombotic occlusion. The consumption of MaxEPA by our patients over a seven-year period did not indicate any adverse effects.
 ...
PMID:Changes in blood lipids and fibrinogen with a note on safety in a long term study on the effects of n-3 fatty acids in subjects receiving fish oil supplements and followed for seven years. 145 84

There is evidence that increased reactivity of blood plasma to thrombogenic surfaces (hypercoagulability) may contribute to the risk of thrombotic occlusion of a coronary artery in coronary heart disease. The Northwick Park Heart Study found raised levels of factor VII coagulant (VIIc) activity and fibrinogen in men at high risk of a coronary event. Several other European studies have confirmed the latter finding, but the Northwick Park Heart Study is the only study to report formally on VIIc to date. Plasma VIIc is increased in the presence of hyperlipidemia and on a high fat diet, and falls with lipid-lowering therapy and a reduction in fat intake. Fibrinogen concentration is raised in smokers and decreases when the habit is given up. Thus, these markers of thrombogenic risk are readily controlled by standard preventive measures against coronary heart disease. Unresolved issues include: (1) whether the distinctive features of the Northwick Park VII bioassay improve the value of VIIc as a predictor of coronary heart disease; (2) the separate extent to which activation of factor VII and increases in factor VII concentration account for the raised VIIc in hyperlipidemia; (3) the basis of the raised fibrinogen in men at high coronary heart disease risk, even among nonsmokers; and (4) the usefulness of plasma levels of activation peptides of factors IX, X, and prothrombin as markers of thrombogenic risk.
 ...
PMID:Hemostasis and cardiovascular risk. The British and European experience. 145 78

Controlled comparisons of the effects of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) as a part of lipid-lowering diets in persons with hyperlipoproteinaemia are sparse. The present study was carried out at a metabolic ward. Forty hyperlipidaemic patients (25 hypercholesterolaemic and 15 hypertriglyceridaemic) were given a 3-week diet rich in either MUFA (saturated fatty acids 7.3 energy% (E%), MUFA 14.6 E%, PUFA 4.8 E%) or PUFA (saturated fatty acids 7.8 E%, MUFA 8.4 E%, PUFA 10.4 E%), but otherwise with an identical composition. The mean serum cholesterol reduction on the MUFA diet was 12% (P < 0.001), with a low density lipoprotein cholesterol reduction of 11% (P < 0.001). The corresponding reductions on the PUFA diet were 15% (P < 0.001) and 16% (P < 0.001). The serum apolipoprotein B and A-I concentrations decreased highly significantly by 13% and 11% on the MUFA diet and by 14% and 11% on the PUFA diet. None of these changes differed between the two diets. Neither were there any differences between the diets regarding the effects on blood glucose, serum insulin and plasma fibrinogen, but there was a significant decrease in serum insulin with a significant reduction of the insulin/glucose ratio after the MUFA diet. The results of this study indicate that MUFA and PUFA are interchangeable within the given frames in lipid lowering diets even in patients with hyperlipidaemia.
 ...
PMID:Effects of lipid-lowering diets enriched with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids on serum lipoprotein composition in patients with hyperlipoproteinaemia. 146 45


1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>