Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020440 (hypercapnia)
 7,939 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 20 patients with chronic renal failure on a hemodialysis with acetate-containing dialysing fluid gasometric, ventilation and breathing patterns disturbances were determined. The loss of CO2 in the dialysate is attributed the major cause of hypoxemia due to alveolar hypoventilation. Hemodialysis with bicarbonate-containing dialysate can be performed in the absence of any change in ventilation and PaO2 despite a systemic alkalosis. Hyperventilation during HD with high concentration of bicarbonate indicate that changes in CO2 tension in the pulmonary circulation can lead to a change in minute ventilation due to the presence of slowly adapting pulmonary chemoreceptors. In patients with low respiratory response, respiratory muscle weakness intensified additionally by hypercapnia may explain this phenomenon.
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PMID:[Effect of carbon dioxide (CO2) pressure on minute ventilation, parameters of gas exchange and blood gases during hemodialysis using fluid containing acetate and bicarbonate buffers]. 143 19

Uremic acidosis accompanies chronic renal failure in hemodialysis patients because of a retention of nonvolatile acids. Standard bicarbonate (39 mEq/L) and acetate (38 mEq/L) dialysates do not completely correct the acidosis. The acid-base and biochemical effect of a high-bicarbonate (42 mEq/L) dialysate was evaluated in 38 patients during high-efficiency and high-flux dialysis over 12 wk. All patients were dialyzed on standard bicarbonate dialysate before the study and for 8 wk after the study. In order to monitor potential excessive alkalosis, predialysis and postdialysis arterial blood gases were measured in seven patients who initially had a normal predialysis pH. Serum chemistries revealed no significant changes in predialysis BUN, calcium, ionized calcium, or phosphorus during the 12-wk study. There was no change in postdialysis ionized calcium or phosphorus. Predialysis and postdialysis serum total CO2 (STCO2) increased over the 12-wk study (P < 0.0001). By week 12, 75% of the hemodialysis patients had an STCO2 > 23 mEq/L and no patient had an STCO2 > 30 mEq/L predialysis. After the 8-wk washout, all chemistries were no different from prestudy concentrations. Predialysis blood gases in seven patients with normal predialysis HCO3 revealed a significant increase (P < 0.009) in PCO2 and HCO3 over the 12-wk study; predialysis pH and PO2 did not change. There was no significant change in postdialysis blood gases. It was concluded that: (1) a high-bicarbonate dialysate corrects predialysis acidosis in 75% of hemodialysis patients without causing progressive alkalemia, hypoxia, or hypercarbia; and (2) predialysis BUN, calcium, ionized calcium, and phosphorus are unaffected by high-bicarbonate dialysate.
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PMID:Normalization of uremic acidosis in hemodialysis patients with a high bicarbonate dialysate. 813 52

Central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome (CAHS) is a rare and potentially fatal condition. However, respiratory care for patients with CAHS caused by lateral medullary infarction (CAHS-LMI) remains an important unsolved problem. We describe 2 patients with CAHS-LMI and review the case reports for 17 previously described patients. Patient 1 was a 78-year-old man who was referred to our hospital because of dizziness. After admission, Wallenberg syndrome developed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed left LMI. He had hypercapnia and respiratory acidosis the next afternoon and temporarily received mechanical ventilation. A tracheotomy was performed on the 12th hospital day, and the patient was weaned from the ventilator on the 18th hospital day. Patient 2 was 72-year-old man who was referred to our hospital because of dizziness and gait disturbance. Wallenberg syndrome was diagnosed after admission, and magnetic resonance imaging showed right LMI. His consciousness deteriorated, and hypercapnia developed on the ninth hospital day. The patient received ventilatory support, and a tracheotomy was performed on the 12th hospital day. He was weaned from the ventilator by the 16th hospital day. Consistent with our findings, most previously reported cases of CAHS-LMI were initially associated with mild symptoms, which subsequently worsened. Five of the 19 patients (26.3%) died within 1 month after onset, and 7 patients (36.8%) died within 1 year. Tracheotomy was performed in 12 patients, 2 of whom died 1 month after onset (16.7%); another patient died of chronic renal failure after 2 years. Tracheotomy seemed to be an effective procedure in patients with CAHS-LMI. We speculate that tracheotomy assists alveolar ventilation by reducing dead space ventilation. Closure of the tracheotomy should, therefore, be avoided in patients with CAHS-LMI, even if respiratory status is good.
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PMID:Efficacy of tracheostomy for central alveolar hypoventilation syndrome caused by lateral medullary infarction. 2518 82