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Query: UMLS:C0020440 (hypercapnia)
 7,939 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The microioptophoretic injection of PGE1 close to the retinal arterioles procedures a segmental vasodilatation of 40%. The inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin or aspirin blocks the vasodilatatory effect of hypercapnia and, to a lesser extent, of hypoxia. These results suggest that prostaglandins play a role in the regulation of retinal vasomotor activity.
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PMID:[The metabolic regulation of the retinal blood flow and the role of prostaglandins (author's transl)]. 65 Dec 10

To test the effects of alprostadil on pulmonary dysfunction after cardiac operations, we studied 24 male patients undergoing aortocoronary bypass. Twelve were given an intravenous infusion of alprostadil (synthetic prostaglandin E1), 20 ng.kg-1.min-1, in a double-blind manner during operation; the other 12 were controls. Duration of artificial respirator use and frequent blood gas analyses were used to assess postoperative pulmonary function. Use of the artificial respirator postoperatively was significantly lower in the prostaglandin group (mean time. 5.25 +/- 1.81 hours) compared with the controls (mean time, 8.34 +/- 4.35 hours) (p = 0.047). The proportion of patients with hypercapnia and with hypoxia determined every 4 hours for the first 24 hours after extubation was significantly lower in the prostaglandin group compared with the controls (p less than 0.0001). These results indicate that synthetic prostaglandin E1 may play a role in protecting lung tissue during extracorporeal circulation.
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PMID:Influence of alprostadil on pulmonary dysfunction after a cardiac operation. 159 21

Hypercapnia causes vasodilatation of retinal arterioles. Prostaglandin E1, injected close to retinal arterioles from the vitreal side cause vasodilatation apparently similar to that caused by hypercapnia. An inhibitor of prostaglandin synthase (indomethacin) was injected into the ocular circulation. There was a reversible inhibition of the retinal vasodilatation normally induced by hypercapnia. Indomethacin injected close to retinal arterioles from the vitreal side causes reversible vasoconstriction and inhibits the vasodilatory effect of hypercapnia. It is concluded that prostaglandin E1 satisfies three criteria for a candidate for a mediator of hypercapnia-induced arteriolar dilatation.
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PMID:[The role of prostaglandins in the regulation of retinal blood flow]. 225 Sep 34

Single left lung allotransplantation was performed in 16 pigs to determine an optimal solution for lung preservation. Modified Euro-Collins and oxygenated fluorocarbon solutions (FC-43) were used as the lung preservative. Donors in both groups were pretreated with intravenous prostaglandin E1 infusions. The effects of the two different preservatives on ventilation and oxygenation were noninvasively monitored with capnometry and pulse oximetry. The functional results were further compared with morphologic findings. After implantation the right pulmonary artery was clamped, and the transplanted lung supported pulmonary circulation and ventilation. Arterial carbon dioxide tension (PaCO2) and arterial oxygen tension (PaO2) were measured from the arterial blood samples. The Euro-Collins group experienced hypercarbia (PaCO2, 54 to 72 mm Hg) and low end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) values (3.3% to 3.9%) when the donor lung was reimplanted and reperfused. The pigs in the Euro-Collins group were also hypoxemic after reimplantation of the left lung. The saturation (SpO2) values were 85% to 89%, and the PaO2 values were between 61 and 66 mm Hg. The oxygenated fluorocarbon group had normal ventilatory parameters and arterial oxygen saturation after reimplantation of the left lung; no significant gradient between EtCO2 and PaCO2 was detected. Scanning and transmission electron-microscopic studies of the transplanted lungs showed good to moderate preservation after reperfusion in the oxygenated fluorocarbon group, whereas preservation was judged to be moderate in the Euro-Collins group. Oxygenated fluorocarbon (FC-43) donor lung preservation thus resulted in superior functional recovery in pulmonary gas exchange during reperfusion compared with Euro-Collins solution. Electron-microscopic findings supported functional results obtained.
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PMID:Single-lung allotransplantation in pigs: effects of two preservation methods on pulmonary gas exchange. 239 39

Forty-eight hour old anesthetised and ventilated neonatal piglets were cannulated in order to measure pressure, blood gases and cardiac outputs (CO) from which pulmonary (PVR) and systemic (SVR) vascular resistances were calculated. After baseline measurements had been made inspired gases were altered to produce hypoxemia and hypercapnia, to raise PVR. Animals then received Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1), Tolazoline (TOL), and Prostacyclin (PGI2) in varying dosages until PVR was reduced or the dosage no longer tolerated. With "hypoxia" CO, PVR and pulmonary artery (PA) pressures rose; aortic pressure also rose although SVR tended to fall. PGE1 (5microgram/kg/min) and PGI2 (1.0 microgram/kg/min) both produced a significant fall in PVR. The decrease in PVR with TOL (1 mg/kg/10 minutes and 2 mg/kg/1 hour) was less consistent and in surviving animals did not achieve statistical significance by multivariate analysis. SVR fell with all drugs although the change with TOL was again non-significant. With both PGI2 and TOL there was a trend for CO to rise and, although this did not reach significant levels, it restricted the drop in arterial pressure to approximately control levels. The fall in arterial pressure with PGE1 was greater. The death rate with treatment with TOL was much higher than that seen with the other two drugs. Circulatory changes in a group of animals with normal blood gases treated with PGI2 (1 microgram/kg/min) were similar to those seen with the hypoxic group.
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PMID:Comparative studies on the hemodynamic effects of prostaglandin E1 prostacyclin, and tolazoline upon elevated pulmonary vascular resistance in neonatal swine. 703 18

A 3700-g male infant born at 37 weeks' gestation presented with cyanosis at birth. He was diagnosed as having persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN) on the basis of persistent hypoxemia, despite continuous mechanical ventilatory support with 100% O2, and right-to-left shunting through the foramen ovale shown by Doppler echocardiography. Treatment with hyperventilation, and administration of tolazoline, prostaglandin E1 and MgSO4 failed to reverse his hypoxemia. High ventilator settings were required, and pneumothoraces ensued. Airway resistance increased gradually with development of hypercapnia and deterioration of hypoxemia. Bradycardia unresponsive to resuscitation occurred, and he died at eight days of age. Postmortem examination of the lungs revealed increased peripheral connective tissue and diffuse extension of medial smooth muscle to the precapillary pulmonary arteries. Excessive antenatal muscularization of the peripheral pulmonary arteries and resultant increased vasoconstriction capacity may have played an important role in the pathogenesis of PPHN in this case.
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PMID:Persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn associated with excessive pulmonary arterial muscularization: report of an autopsy case. 790 70

Priapism is a persistent erection which fails to subside after climax and is accompanied by penile pain and tenderness. The most common form of priapism to confront contemporary urologists is persistence of erection following pharmacologic stimulation. We reviewed our experience over 18 months with initial diagnostic intracavernous challenges of prostaglandin E1. Three-hundred and sixty-six new impotence patients presented to our center and underwent PGE1/color duplex Doppler assessment; 14 patients developed persistent rigidity of two or more hours accompanied by penile discomfort. Each of these patients was successfully managed with penile aspiration and direct corporal instillation of the alpha-adrenergic agonist phenylephrine. The mean PGE1 dosage injected was 6 micrograms and mean duration of erection preceding aspiration 180 minutes. Penile blood gases were obtained from the initial aspirate in all cases. The duration of pharmacologic erections were correlated with the partial pressures of oxygen, carbon dioxide, bicarbonate and the pH using linear regression analysis. There was a clear trend towards deoxygenation, acidosis, and hypercarbia with prolonged erection (105-342 minutes). The relationship between duration of pharmacologic erection and acidosis/hypercarbia was highly significant.
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PMID:Pharmacologic erection: time-dependent changes in the corporal environment. 801 18