Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020440 (hypercapnia)
 7,939 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present study was undertaken to evaluate the short-term effects of nitroglycerin, nifedipine, and supplemental oxygen on hemodynamics and gas exchange in 11 patients in stable condition with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale. In general, both intravenous nitroglycerin and sublingual nifedipine significantly reduced the pulmonary vascular resistance index. For the group as a whole, nifedipine decreased the pulmonary vascular resistance index by significantly increasing the cardiac index, with minimal reductions in mean pulmonary arterial pressure. Conversely, nitroglycerin decreased the pulmonary vascular resistance index by markedly reducing the mean pulmonary arterial pressure but also decreased the cardiac index in some patients. Nitroglycerin also caused a significant decrease in mixed venous oxygen tension. Administration of oxygen did not cause any clinically significant improvement in resting hemodynamics following short-term administration. During the follow-up period, eight of 11 patients who were treated with pulmonary vasodilators in addition to long-term therapy with low-flow oxygen died within a mean of six months. This rate of survival was not significantly different than an age-matched and sex-matched control group with similar severity of disease who received only long-term therapy with low-flow oxygen. Based on these data, it seems unlikely that a substantial increase in survival will be obtained by combining pulmonary vasodilators with long-term oxygen therapy in patients with stable emphysema who have cor pulmonale and carbon dioxide retention.
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PMID:Pulmonary vasodilator therapy for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and cor pulmonale. Treatment with nifedipine, nitroglycerin, and oxygen. 310 14

Transcranial dopplerography (TDG) examination of the blood flow along the major intracranial arteries and cerebral vascular response to functional loads was performed in 51 patients with stenosis and/or occlusion of the internal carotid artery (ICA). The measurements were made on the equipment "Quantascope-103 PC" (Scimed, England). 74% (26 patients) of ICA occlusion subjects had asymmetry of the linear circulation rate (LCR) in the middle-size cerebral arteries (MCA). It occurred with LCR inhibition on the ipsilateral to the occlusion side. In half of ICA stenosis patients the ipsilateral MSA circulation was also reduced. The difference between the two groups in relation to MCA circulation asymmetry was significant (p < 0.001). Nitroglycerin and hypercapnia tests proved more informative than ortho- and antiorthostatic tests. A relationship was found out between overall stenosis of major brain arteries and blood flow along them.
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PMID:[Functional transcranial dopplerography in an atherosclerotic lesion of the carotid arteries]. 794 80

Since the nitric oxide (NO) and cyclooxygenase pathways have been suggested to have important roles in most vasodilations, our aim was to study the influence of cyclooxygenase inhibitors and nitrovasodilators on cerebrovascular reserve capacity. Corticocerebral blood flow was measured by hydrogen polarography during hypercapnia and acetazolamide stimuli in conscious rabbits. The measurements were repeated in the presence of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) and indomethacin as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The effects of nitroglycerin and isosorbide-5-nitrate were also tested. L-NAME completely, while indomethacin markedly inhibited the hypercapnic corticocerebral blood flow response. Nitroglycerin and isosorbide-5-nitrate significantly attenuated hypercapnia elicited corticocerebral blood flow increase. The different treatments reduced only moderately the acetazolamide-induced corticocerebral blood flow response. These results lend support to the hypothesis that antithrombotic and antiinflammatory medication (cyclooxygenase inhibitors) and nitrovasodilator treatments could interfere with the measurement of cerebrovascular reactivity resulting in underestimation of the cerebrovascular reserve capacity in patients taking these drugs.
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PMID:Influence of nitrovasodilators and cyclooxygenase inhibitors on cerebral vasoreactivity in conscious rabbits. 1116 94