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Query: UMLS:C0020440 (hypercapnia)
 7,939 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Arterial blood-gas changes were studied in 21 healthy women undergoing laparoscopic sterilization with local anesthesia and supplemental IV sedation, employing CO2 as the inflating gas. No significant hypercarbia was noted. Two patients became transiently apneic following IV medication and 2 became extremely agitated during the procedure. This constituted a major nonsurgical complication rate of 19 percent. Safety requirements for patients undergoing this procedure is suggested.
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PMID:Laparoscopic sterilization with local anesthesia: complications and blood-gas changes. 14 Dec 28

Studies in patients undergoing peritoneal laparoscopy, in which carbon dioxide was used as insufflating gas, showed that artificial hyperventilation was an effective means of preventing serious hypercapnia. The hypercapnia caused a rapid hyperkalaemia and there was a linear relationship between the two. Reversal of the hypercapnia caused the serum potassium to fall towards normal but the speed of this fall did not match the speed of reduction in Paco2. It is suggested that the changes in serum potassium following changes in Paco2 may have some clinical relevance in potassium-depicted patients.
Anaesthesia 1979 Oct
PMID:Hypercapnia and hyperkalaemia. 16 Nov 43

Arterial blood gases and vital signs were monitored in a patient receiving electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Alterations in blood pressure and heart rate were similar to those noted in prior studies. Pretreating with 100 percent oxygen (02) and assisting ventilation until return of adequate spontaneous respirations, prevented hypoxemia, significant hypercarbia, and cardiovascular changes. The administration of succinylcholine prevented the systemic manifestations of the electrically-induced seizure. One fetal arrhythmia occurred, apparently unrelated to changes in maternal Pa02, and resolved spontaneously. This technic of anesthesia would appear to be acceptable for ECT in the parturient.
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PMID:Arterial blood-gas analyses during electroconvulsive therapy in a parturient. 23 61

Hypercarbia was induced in 12 patients anesthetized with either halothane or fluroxene in an inspired concentration of approximately 1.3 MAC (1% halothane and 4-5% fluroxene). The six patients receiving halothane anesthesia responded to hypercarbia with a pronounced tachycardia, an increased arterial pressure and an electrocardiographically monitored threshold level for ventricular arrhythmias at a Paco2 level averaging 98 mmHg. The six patients receiving fluroxene anesthesia responded to hypercarbia with both tachycardia and hypertension, but in spite of an average Paco2 level of 109 mmHg, no ventricular arrhythmias could be provoked. It is therefore suggested that within the non-narcotic level of hypercarbia a threshold level for cardiac arrhythmias does not exist under fluroxene anesthesia.
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PMID:Effects of respiratory acidosis on the arrhythmia threshold during fluroxene and halothane anesthesia. 23 95

Rats were exposed 24 hours a day to carbon dioxide, 8 +/- 1%, during 2 and 4 weeks under normoxic conditions (21% oxygen). On the last day, blood was taken from the abdominal aorta under anesthesia. Leukocyte and erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration, and mean cell volume were electronically measured. Hematocit and Wintrobe indexes were calculated. Leukocyte differential counts and peroxidase activity were determined on blood smears. After 4 weeks of hypercapnia, a slight decrease of neutrophilic granulocytes was observed. In mature polymorphs, peroxidase activity (cytochemically demonstrated) simultaneously decreased. Erythrocyte counts and mean cell volume remained unchanged. The most important hematological disturbance was an hemoglobin concentration drop. Consequently, it was concluded that an hypochromic anemia characterized the permanent normoxic hypercapnia in rats.
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PMID:Blood effects of permanent normoxic hypercapnia in conventional rats. 28 61

Fourteen patients with acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and hypercapnia received two treatment periods with Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing, the ventilator being driven by gas containing about 24% or about 45% oxygen. Arterial PO2 and PCO2 were measured before, during and after each treatment. The results demonstrated that increasing hypercapnia did not, as a rule, occur when 45% oxygen was used as the driving gas. When hypercapnia did occur it appeared to be independent of the inspired oxygen concentration. The importance of short treatment periods, correct ventilator settings and supervision of the patient during and after treatment is emphasised.
Anaesthesia 1979 Mar
PMID:IPPB and hypercapnia in respiratory failure: the effect of different concentrations of inspired oxygen on arterial blood gas tensions. 37 21

To study the significance of normalization of ventilatory or thermal homeostasis during naloxone reversal, 95 patients were given naloxone after thiopental-N2O-O2-relaxant anaesthesia supplemented with fentanyl (6 microgram/kg/h). If naloxone 0.16 mg was given to combat postoperative apnoea during hypercapnia (end tidal carbon dioxide concentration (ETco2)8%), minute ventilation and respiratory rate were significantly higher during the first minutes as compared to the normocapnic patients. Shivering occurred in 44% in the hypercapnic group, as compared to about 30% if naloxone was given during normocapnia (ETco2 5%). Postoperative pain and restlessness were significantly increased in the hypercapnic group. During normocapnia, untoward reactions were less frequent (40%) if naloxone was given in smaller increments (0.08 + 0.08 mg) rather than in one dose (0.16 mg) (72%). This was mainly due to nausea (8% compared to 32%). The incidence and severity of shivering showed a positive correlation to the duration of anaesthesia (r = 0.42) and to the total amount of fentanyl (r = 0.32), but not to the actual postoperative oesophageal temperature (r = -0.13). The results indicate that though untoward reactions after naloxone reversal are aggravated by naloxone-induced normalization of deranged homeostatic mechanisms, their aetiology probably should be sought in an acute abstinence syndrome.
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PMID:Restlessness and shivering after naloxone reversal of fentanyl-supplemented anaesthesia. 42 15

The central control mechanism of respiratory frequency under varied alveolar carbon dioxide pressure (PACO2 20--200 Torr) was investigated in anesthetized, vagotomized, immobilized, and artificially ventilated rabbits. Central inspiratory activity indicated by phrenic motor discharge was tolerant of the extensive hypercapnia. Under light anesthesia the respiratory frequency (f) decreased in a hyperbolic fashion with increasing PACO2. Under deeper anesthesia or after mesencephalic decerebration the hyperbolic f response to PACO2 was abolished or changed to a hill-type f response (initial increase and subsequent decrease in f) and, on the average, the changes in frequency were much less. We conclude that in the absence of vagal control the respiratory frequency is primarily determined by 1) the periodicity of the bulbopontine inspiratory activity, which is little dependent on PACO2, and 2) a suprapontine acceleratory mechanism, which is depressed by increased PACO2 and highly sensitive to anesthetics. The mechanism of changes in the type of f response to CO2 is discussed.
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PMID:Phrenic activity during severe hypercapnia in vagotomized rabbits. 46 79

The responses to hypocapnia and to hypercapnia of both the systemic and the coronary circulations have been studied in the dog during intermittent positive pressure ventilation under halothane anaesthesia. In the absence of significant variations of myocardial contractility, the reduction of cardiac output, because of hypocapnia, was determined by the increase of systemic vascular resistance, while the increase of cardiac output because of hypercapnia was determined by an increase of heart rate without change of stroke volume. The alterations of coronary blood flow (reduction following hypocapnia, augmentation following hypercapnia) were considerably larger than the changes of cardiac output and of myocardial oxygen consumption. Such disparity between oxygen supply and demand, together with the effect of pH and PCO2 on the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve led to a marked reduction of coronary sinus PO2 in response to hypocapnia and a marked increase of coronary sinus PO2 in response to hypercapnia. The data suggests that PCO2 (or respiratory alterations of pH) may have a direct effect on the regulation of coronary blood flow. The low coronary sinus PO2 observed at hypocapnia may suggest the risk of myocardial ischaemia.
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PMID:Effect of CO2 on the systemic and coronary circulations and on coronary sinus blood gas tensions. 49 91

This investigation was undertaken to determine the nature of acute alterations in renal function following the production of hypoxemia, hypercarbia, and acidosis in newborn piglets 6-96 hr of age. After completion of the surgical procedure piglets were allowed to recover from the effects of anesthesia. When respiratory dead space was increased arterial oxygen tension decreased whereas arterial carbon dioxide tension and hydrogen ion concentration increased. There was little change in glomerular filtration rate. Total renal blood flow decreased and renal vascular resistance increased significantly (504 +/- 78 mm Hg/liter/mm/m2 to 1422 +/- 504). There was no change in distribution of intrarenal blood flow. Sodium excretion and urinary flow rate demonstrated significant parallel increases following the increase in dead space. Plasma renin concentration increased from 67 to 110 ng/ml.
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PMID:Effects of asphyxia on renal function in the newborn piglet. 58 Apr 50


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