Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Biochemical evaluations were done two times for 29 outpatients with calcium stone disease, the first time within one month after surgical extraction or passage of stones and the second time two months or more later. Classification of the etiologic basis for the stone disease was the same after both tests in 27 patients. In the other 2 patients the diagnosis was changed from renal to absorptive hypercalciuria. Both of these patients had creatinine clearance rates less than 60 percent of normal during the first test. One also had multiple residual stones during both evaluations, and the second had a urinary tract infection during the first test that resolved with a normal creatinine clearance by the second test period. When nephrogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMPn) assays were done on fasting specimens in these patients, the results were consistent with absorptive hypercalciuria. Almost all patients can be evaluated and placed in management programs within a few weeks after surgery. If cAMPn assays are not done, patients with decreased renal function secondary to residual stones or infection can be tested at a later time.
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PMID:Biochemical evaluation of calcium stone patients: how soon can it be done after stone surgery/passage? 217 93

Treatment with 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol) was compared with placebo in a double-blind, randomized, parallel clinical trial of 24 months' duration. Subjects were white women with postmenopausal osteoporosis. The study was completed by 15 patients who received placebo and 12 patients who received calcitriol. Positive slopes were observed in the active treatment group for total body calcium, bone mineral content of the radius, bone mineral density of the lumbar spine, and radiographic absorptiometry of the middle phalanges. In contrast, negative slopes were observed for the bone mineral measurements in the placebo group. Measurement of urinary hydroxyproline and of serum alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin suggested that the mechanism of action of 1,25-(OH)2D3 involved reduction of bone resorption. Hypercalciuria occurred regularly and preceded hypercalcemia by about 2 weeks. A decline in creatinine clearance was observed in two patients, one of whom had nephrolithiasis on sonography. Calcitriol is effective in preventing bone loss, but must be used with caution.
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PMID:Role of calcitriol in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 218 76

Familial benign hypercalcaemia has also been termed familial hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia because a major feature of this condition has been a relative hypocalciuria in relation to the hypercalcaemia, such that the calcium to creatinine clearance ratio is less than 0.016. The following is a report of a small kindred of patients with familial benign hypercalcaemia in which two of the affected members have frank hypercalciuria.
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PMID:Familial benign hypercalcaemia: hypercalciuria and hypocalciuria in affected members of a small kindred. 222 87

We have evaluated the urinary excretion of promoting (calcium, phosphorus, uric acid, oxalate) and inhibiting (citrate, magnesium, glycosaminoglycans) factors of crystallization in subjects with idiopathic hypercalciuria and calcium urolithiasis and in a control group. The examined children had a free diet and were drug free for the last 2 weeks. They were not affected by malabsorption, D-RTA, urinary tract infection, or urinary tract malformation (factors interfering with urinary excretion of citrate and oxalate). In the patients with calcium urolithiasis, the daily urinary excretion of oxalate was significantly higher (p less than 0.01), and the urinary excretion of citrate was significantly lower (p less than 0.001) than in the subjects with idiopathic hypercalciuria and in the control group. Among the subjects with idiopathic hypercalciuria, those aged 4-9 years had a significantly reduced, though in the normal range, urinary excretion of citrate as compared with those aged 10-15 years (362 +/- 189 and 503 +/- 198 mg/g creatinine/24 h, respectively; p less than 0.01). Our data show that hypocitruria may play an important role in the pathogenesis of urolithiasis in children with idiopathic hypercalciuria. In these cases, the urinary citrate excretion was not inversely related to age, as has been suggested by other authors.
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PMID:Promoters and inhibitors of calcium urolithiasis in children. 225 56

Furosemide, a potent natriuretic agent, is well known to increase urinary calcium excretion. We study the effects of long term administration of furosemide on the calcium balance, renal function and histopathological changes of the kidneys and the parathyroid glands in the rat. Furosemide (20 mg/kg) was administered 3-4 times per week for 62 weeks intraperitoneally in 10 male rats. The same volume of normal saline was administered intraperitoneally in 9 male rats as control. All were given with standard diet (CE-2) and deionized water. While urinary calcium and creatinine were measured every 1-4 weeks, serum calcium and creatinine were measured in the first week and at the end of examination. 24 hours urinary excretion of calcium was elevated to two to three folds (a significant increase over the control: p less than 0.01) after the furosemide loading, though serum calcium and creatinine levels remained as in control. Despite a marked hypercalciuria in the furosemide loaded rats, there was no evidence of stone formation in the kidney or in the urinary tract. On histopathological examination renal parenchyma showed some pyelonephritic changes but without evidence of crystal formation, while no significant change was noted in the parathyroid glands. Based on these data we concluded that in our model, 1) there was a significant calcium loss in the absence of any change in the serum calcium, but 2) this hypercalciuria alone was not lithogenic, and 3) parathyroid glands showed no discernible secondary morphological changes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Effects of long-term administration of furosemide on calcium balance, kidney and parathyroid gland]. 230 11

The long-term safety and efficacy of synthetic 1,25-(OH)2D3 (calcitriol; Rocaltrol) in the treatment of women with type 1 osteoporosis is being assessed in a randomized trial. Patients were allocated in double-blind fashion to 1,25-(OH)2D3 or matching placebo. Initially, the calcium intake was adjusted to 1,000 mg/d. The study protocol called for increasing the dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 until patients developed either hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. However, in order to maintain a higher dose of calcitriol on a long-term basis, the calcium intake had to be reduced to 600 mg/d in those receiving calcitriol; if that was not successful in eliminating hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, then the dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 was reduced as necessary. During the hypercalcemic phase, the indices of bone resorption decreased significantly, demonstrating that calcium absorption is solely responsible for hypercalcemia. The maintenance dose was established after 8 to 10 weeks, and the 24-hour urine calcium and creatinine clearance remained constant throughout the remainder of the study period. On a calcium intake of 600 mg/d, the long-term maintenance dose of 1,25-(OH)2D3 averaged 0.675 micrograms/d. Long-term therapy on an average dose of 0.675 micrograms/d was not associated with nephrotoxicity.
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PMID:Metabolic effects of synthetic calcitriol (Rocaltrol) in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. 232 68

Parameters of renal function and calcium homeostasis were studied in 8 children, immobilised for 5-9 weeks with fractured femurs, weekly during immobilisation and fourth weekly following mobilisation until all parameters returned to normal. During immobilisation 1 patient became hypercalcaemic, but all showed an increase in serum calcium and all developed hypercalciuria. During immobilisation all showed diminished urine osomolality after a 12-hour fast (mean 591 +/- 133 mOsm/kg) which improved 4-39 weeks after mobilisation (mean 973 +/- 87 mOsm/kg). Serum creatinine, urinary beta-2-microglobulin and renal ultrasound appearances were all normal. An inverse relationship, R = -0.70, was demonstrated between serum calcium and fasting urine osmolality during immobilisation. Three patients showed diminished urinary concentrating ability beyond 4 weeks after mobilisation. For 1 patient this defect persisted for 8 months and glomerular filtration rate was diminished 9 months after mobilisation, raising the possibility of long term renal damage in immobilised patients.
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PMID:Renal consequences of immobilisation in children with fractured femurs. 233 45

Thirty eight patients with medullary sponge kidney (MSK) were detected (4.3%) in 881 patients with urolithiasis diagnosed by drip infusion pyelography in 12 years from January 1974 to December 1985. Those with MSK were studied clinically and as to metabolism of urolithiasis. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Age distribution of the patients with MSK was the same as that of general stone formers. 2) Hematuria was observed in 20 patients (52.6%) and pyuria in 7, in whom 4 were positive by urine culture (E. coli in 3 and P. mirabilis in 1) and 2 of them had infective stones. 3) Renal function of the patients examined by PSP test (20 patients) and creatinine clearance test (21 patients) was normal in all of the patients but three with ureteral caliculi. Concentration tests performed by Fishberg method (12 patients) were disturbed in half of them. 4) Affected lesions wer detected at more than three pyramides in each kidney and the bilaterals were found in 32 patients (84.2%) and at less than two pyramides in each kidney and the unilateral or the bilaterals were shown in the other 6. 5) When urinary levels of calcium, phosphate, uric acid and citrate using 24 hours urine were compared with 37 patients with MSK and 100 general stone formers, there was no difference in hypercalciuria and hyperuricosuria accounting for the frequency of the patients with MSK and the general stone formers, but there was a tendency of increased frequency about hyperphosphaturia and hypocitraturia in the patients with MSK.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:[Clinical studies on medullary sponge kidney evaluated from urolithiasis]. 235 14

Hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria, hypokalaemia, and some form of acidosis are often characteristic accompanying symptoms of calcium containing urinary stone formation. These alterations may be controlled or normalized with the administration of alkaline citrates which slow the relative growth rate of calcium oxalate crystals down. In response to the administration of a single 2-g dose of Magurlit granulate, also regarded as alkaline citrate, citrate excretion increases, urinary Ca/citrate, Ca/creatinine, and Ca.P/creatinine quotients decrease. Since these changes of the urinary constituents are advantageous as far as the prophylaxis of stone formation is considered and may be observed following the administration of other citrate mixtures as well the application of Magurlit is recommended for the prevention of calcium oxalate stones and for the treatment of distal renal tubular acidosis.
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PMID:Prophylaxis of oxalate urolithiasis with alkaline citrates. 237 83

In order to analyse the etiology of recurrent hematuria in childhood, we studied 250 children, referred to our Service (age: 6 mo-17 ys; 102 female and 148 male). They were submitted to the following protocol: urine analyses, uroculture, serum total and fraction complement, electrophoresis of hemoglobin, serum creatinine, BUN, 24h urinary calcium, uric acid and protein, oral calcium load test in children with hypercalciuria (UCa greater than 4mg/kg/day). Radiological evaluation and renal percutaneous biopsy was performed when necessary. The following diagnostic distribution was obtained: Alport syndrome, 19; Berger disease, 15; other glomerulopathies, 45; hypercalciuria, 67; uric acid hyperexcretion, 10; nephrolithiasis, 27; urinary tract infection, 14; renal malformation, 8; no diagnosis, 43. Based in these results, we conclude that appropriate investigation on recurrent hematuria, leads to determination of etiology in over 80% of cases.
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PMID:[Recurrent hematuria in children: study of 250 cases]. 248 11


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