Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Topical vitamin D analogues offer a new, effective, more convenient and generally well-tolerated option for the treatment of psoriasis. Only psoriasis vulgaris has been intensively studied, but other forms of the disease may also respond. Both calcitriol and calcipotriol have been shown to be effective in numerous clinical trials, and the latter has compared well with betamethasone valerate and short-contact dithranol in controlled studies. Their mechanism of action is not yet fully understood and may prove complex. The most important effect may be a direct regulation of keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. However, these compounds also have potent immunological properties, and may act by inhibition of cytokine production by keratinocytes or lymphocytes. Topical application of vitamin D analogues appears generally to be remarkably safe, but hypercalcaemia and hypercalciuria may develop if large quantities are used.
Br J Dermatol 1992 Aug
PMID:Vitamin D analogues and psoriasis. 139 Jan 59

We investigated the effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25-(OH)2-D3) on cultured fibroblasts and keratinocytes from patients with psoriasis and treated 17 patients with psoriasis with orally or topically administered 1,25-(OH)2-D3. Cultured fibroblasts from three of five patients showed a normal response to the antiproliferative activity of a physiologic dose of 1,25-(OH)2-D3, whereas fibroblasts from the other two had a partial resistance to the drug. Cultured keratinocytes from two patients with psoriasis possessed nuclear receptors for 1,25-(OH)2-D3 and the drug caused a dose-dependent inhibition of proliferation and induction of terminal differentiation of these cells similar to effects in normal cultured keratinocytes. Ten of 14 patients with moderate to severe psoriasis who received oral 1,25-(OH)2-D3 showed significant clearing of their hyperkeratotic plaques. Three patients had complete clearing that was sustained with maintenance therapy, but four patients received little or no benefit from the therapy. By the administration of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 as a single oral dose at bedtime, larger doses of the drug could be tolerated without evidence of hypercalciuria or hypercalcemia. Three patients who received topical 1,25-(OH)2-D3 showed a rapid response with complete clearing after 6 weeks of therapy. Therefore, these preliminary findings suggest that orally or topically administered 1,25-(OH)2-D3 may be a safe and effective alternative therapy for the treatment of psoriasis.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1988 Sep
PMID:A novel approach for the evaluation and treatment of psoriasis. Oral or topical use of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 can be a safe and effective therapy for psoriasis. 245 66

Sarcoidosis, a multisystem disease of unknown cause characterized by the formation of noncaseating granulomas, may involve any organ of the body, but the commonest sites of predilection are the lungs, lymph nodes, skin, and eyes. Sarcoidosis can be associated with polyclonal hyperglobulinemia, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, circulating immune complexes, cutaneous anergy, and in vitro depressed cell-mediated immunity. Recent studies of the cellular composition and cellular interactions of sarcoid-involved tissue have resulted in some insight into the pathophysiology of the disease. In early stages the predominance of activated T-helper cells in affected sites may account for many of the immunologic aberrations. The production of macrophage chemotactic substances by these cells may be the initial stimulus for the formation of the granuloma. The natural history of the disease is highly variable; the acute forms tend to resolve spontaneously, whereas the chronic forms rarely involute. Although multiple therapeutic modalities have been used and some have reportedly been effective, systemic corticosteroids remain the most effective available therapeutic agents.
J Am Acad Dermatol 1984 Jul
PMID:Sarcoidosis. An updated review. 637 53

Vitamin D topical analogues are now considered an excellent adjunct to the therapy of psoriasis. Systemic vitamin D3 treatment has been used occasionally, especially in case of associated hypocalcemia. We report five patients (aged 6, 16, 36, 58 and 79 years) successfully treated with vitamin D3 per os. Four had erythrodermic and/or pustulous psoriasis, and two of these had concomitant hypocalcemia. The fifth patient was a girl with pseudohypoparathyroidism and psoriasis vulgaris. The association of hypocalcemia and severe psoriasis is classical and was an incentive to try vitamin D treatment. A review of the literature showed that vitamin D can also be reported as a treatment of psoriasis vulgaris. Hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia are limiting risks. However calcium toxicity seems to be minor when vitamin D is given once a day at bedtime in doses lower than 2 micrograms/24 h. Double blind studies should be performed to determine the real efficacy of this treatment.
Ann Dermatol Venereol 1993
PMID:[Treatment of psoriasis by oral calcitriol. A study of 5 cases and review of the literature]. 783 59

Urine calcium excretion is a very sensitive method of detecting vitamin D intoxication, and may rise in the absence of any apparent change in the serum level. Little attention has been paid to urine calcium levels during the large trials performed to assess the efficacy and safety of calcipotriol in psoriasis vulgaris. There are some urine calcium data from short-term studies of average dose rates of calcipotriol. However, there are no published data on long-term usage, nor on the use of dose rates at the upper end of the licensed range (100 g/week). In a group of 20 patients, who were using typical quantities of calcipotriol ointment (50 micrograms/g) to treat psoriasis vulgaris, urine calcium excretion was measured prior to treatment, and then monthly for 12 months. There was no significant change in urine calcium over the year. In a separate group of 10 patients, who were using calcipotriol in the same concentration, at the maximum recommended rate of 100 g/week, urine calcium was measured at baseline, and after 2 and 4 weeks. There was a statistically significant rise in calcium excretion. This is the first trial to demonstrate that topical calcipotriol affects calcium homeostasis when used within the recommended dose range. Further studies are necessary to determine more precisely the magnitude and variability of this effect in a large group of individuals. For the present, caution is required when prescribing calcipotriol for any patient with known hypercalciuria or a history of renal stone formation. Consideration should be given to monitoring urine calcium excretion during prolonged use at dose rates approaching the recommended maximum.
Br J Dermatol 1993 Oct
PMID:Urine calcium excretion during treatment of psoriasis with topical calcipotriol. 821 55

Trichothiodystrophy (TTD) is a hair abnormality that may be associated with a large number of alterations affecting the skin phenotype and skin appendages, nervous system, eyes, bones, and immune, gonadal, and endocrine systems. We report the first case of TTD associated with a urologic malformation and primary hypercalciuria. Our patient had congenital ichthyosis, physical and mental retardation, and a dysmorphic facies associated with a complex urologic malformation and primary hypercalciuria. Characteristic features of his hair under microscopic examination (trichoschisis, alternating light and dark bands under polarizing microscopy, and a severely defective cuticle) and low sulfur content by radiographic microanalysis confirmed the diagnosis. We discuss the meaning of this new association in the spectrum of abnormalities related to TTD.
Pediatr Dermatol
PMID:Trichothiodystrophy associated with urologic malformation and primary hypercalciuria. 943 40

Although topical vitamin D3 derivatives have been used in the treatment of patients with psoriasis for the past 15 years, questions remain about the indications and limitations of application. Extensive personal experience gained during the development of calcitriol (1alpha25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) is therefore reviewed. Three double-blind, vehicle-controlled trials have revealed that calcitriol 3 microg g(-1) ointment (Silkis ointment, Galderma Laboratories) has very good clinical efficacy. In a left-right comparison with vehicle ointment, complete clearance of psoriatic lesions was achieved in 48% of sites treated with calcitriol and a further 41% showed considerable or definite improvement. The clinical response to calcitriol in another study was as good as, or even better than, that achieved with betamethasone valerate 0.1% ointment. A preparation containing calcitriol 15 microg g(-1) did not show any clinical superiority to the lower dose but was associated with a higher risk of hypercalciuria, particularly when applied to extensive skin lesions. These results suggest that calcitriol 3 microg g(-1) ointment is an effective and safe treatment for chronic plaque psoriasis.
Br J Dermatol 2001 Apr
PMID:Efficacy and tolerance of topical calcitriol 3 microg g(-1) in psoriasis treatment: a review of our experience in Poland. 1150 7

Tacalcitol is a synthetic vitamin D3 analogue developed for topical treatment of inflammatory skin diseases such as psoriasis. Hypercalcemia has not been previously reported during treatment with topical tacalcitol. We experienced a male patient with psoriasis and hypertension whose conditions were treated with tacalcitol ointment and thiazide, respectively, resulting in hypercalciuria and hypercalcemia. After initiation of topical vitamin D3 ointment (20 micro g/g of tacalcitol) 10 g/day for the skin lesions, both the serum level of calcium and urinary excretion of calcium increased gradually. On day 28 of the treatment, his serum calcium levels had reached 3.55 mmol/l, and his urinary calcium excretion had also increased from 0.008 g/day to 0.475 g/day. The tacalcitol treatment was terminated, seven days later, the serum calcium level had returned to the reference range without any specific treatment. The present case is the first report of hypercalcemia induced by vitamin D3 ointment and thiazide simultaneously.
J Dermatol 2003 Nov
PMID:Iatrogenic hypercalcemia due to vitamin D3 ointment (1,24(OH)2D3) combined with thiazide diuretics in a case of psoriasis. 1468 37

We report the case of a 42-year-old man with pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) and recurrent bilateral nephrolithiasis. Diagnosis of PXE was made by yellow papules on the neck and ophthalmologic angioid streaks. This diagnosis was confirmed by a skin biopsy (Von Kossa stain) and by genotyping analysis of ABCC6 (homozygous mutation R1138Q). Nephrolithiasis was recurrent and biological investigations showed hypophosphoraemia, hyperphosphaturia, hypercalciuria, normocalcaemia, normal serum parathyroid hormone value, high 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D value and a renal calcium oxalate stone. ABCC6 encodes for MRP6, a multidrug resistant protein strongly expressed in the liver and kidney. The substrates of the MRP6 remain unknown. As PXE is characterized by calcification of elastic fibres and this patient presents important phosphocalcic anomalies, we discuss the possible implications of MRP6 in the phosphocalcic metabolism.
J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2005 Mar
PMID:Pseudoxanthoma elasticum and nephrolithiasis. 1575 94