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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Typical manifestations of hyperaldosteronism include salt retention, hypokalemia, and metabolic alkalosis. However, a consequence infrequently recognized and described is hypocitraturia. In combination with hypercalciuria, aldosterone-induced hypocitraturia can trigger calcium nephrolithiasis. The authors report a case of an individual with primary hyperaldosteronism from an adrenal adenoma that resulted in hypocitraturia. The patient had severe recurrent renal calcium calculi that corrected with adrenalectomy. The clinical physiology of renal calcium and citrate handling in hyperaldosteronism is reviewed.
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PMID:Recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis associated with primary aldosteronism. 1521 56

Primary aldosteronism represents major cause of secondary hypertension, strongly associated with high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Aldosterone excess may influence mineral homeostasis, through higher urinary calcium excretion inducing secondary increase of parathyroid hormone. Recently, in a cohort of PA patients a significant increase of primary hyperparathyroidism was found, suggesting a bidirectional functional link between the adrenal and parathyroid glands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of aldosterone excess on mineral metabolism and bone mass density. In 73 PA patients we evaluated anthropometric and biochemical parameters, renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, and bone mineral density; control groups were 73 essential hypertension (EH) subjects and 40 healthy subjects. Compared to HS and EH, PA subjects had significantly lower serum calcium levels and higher urinary calcium excretion. Moreover, PA patients showed higher plasma PTH, lower serum 25(OH)-vitamin D levels, higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (65% versus 25% and 25%; P < 0.001), and higher prevalence of osteopenia/osteoporosis (38.5 and 10.5%) than EH (28% and 4%) and NS (25% and 5%), respectively. This study supports the hypothesis that bone loss and fracture risk in PA patients are potentially the result of aldosterone mediated hypercalciuria and the consecutive secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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PMID:Bone and mineral metabolism in patients with primary aldosteronism. 2486 41

We present two unrelated cases of young adults with hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and nephrocalcinosis. Both had suppressed intact parathyroid hormone levels and high 1,25 vitamin D levels after only brief, low-dose, over-the-counter vitamin supplementation. Neither had evidence of a granulomatous disorder. Their presentation mimicked that of 1,25 hydroxy vitamin D intoxication. In both patients, the diagnosis of idiopathic infantile hypercalcemia was confirmed with immeasurably low 24,25 vitamin D levels. Both were found to have a loss-of-function mutation in the CYP24A1 gene, which encodes the vitamin D-metabolizing enzyme 25-hydroxyvitamin D 24-hydroxylase.
Conn Med
PMID:Idiopathic Infantile Hypercalcemia, Presenting in Adulthood--No Longer Idiopathic Nor Infantile: Two Case Reports and Review. 2673 79

Sarcoidosisis amultisystemic granulomatous disease, potentially affecting any organ system of the body. Calcium metabolism disturbances occur in up to 20% of patients, of which hypercalciuria and asymptomatic hypercalcemia are most common. Ocular sarcoid typically presents with anterior chamber manifestations such as uveitis, iritis, and iridocyclitis, but can involve posterior chamber as well. We describe herein a unique presentation of sarcoidosis with retinal detachment and symptomatic hypercalcemia as its first manifestation. Prompt therapy with steroids is indicated in these cases, and an immediate ophthalmology referral cannot be overemphasized.
Conn Med 2016 Jan
PMID:Retinal Detachment and Symptomatic Hypercalcemia in a Patient with Sarcoidosis: Unusual Presentation of a Granulomatous Disease. 2688 85

Primary aldosteronism (PA) was reported to frequently harbor not only cardiovascular diseases but also some metabolic disorders including secondary calcium metabolic diseases. Recently, the potential association between aldosterone producing cells and systemic calcium metabolism has been proposed. For instance, PA is frequently associated with hypercalciuria or hypocalcemia, which subsequently stimulates parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion. This altered calcium metabolism in PA patients could frequently result in secondary osteoporosis and fracture in some patients. On the other hand, extracellular calcium itself directly acts on adrenal cortex and has been also proposed as an independent regulator of aldosterone biosynthesis in human adrenals. However, it is also true that both PTH and vitamin D pathways stimulate endocrine functions of adrenal cortical adenomas to co-secret both aldosterone and cortisol. Therefore, it has become pivotal to explore the potential crosstalk between aldosterone and systemic calcium metabolism. We herein reviewed recent advances in these fields.
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PMID:The Effect of Extracellular Calcium Metabolism on Aldosterone Biosynthesis in Physiological and Pathological Status. 3240 52