Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Renal ultrasound examination, performed following a urinary tract infection in a 4.5-year-old girl with triple X syndrome, showed multiple echogenic foci at the corticomedullary junction in both kidneys. She was asymptomatic but had hypertension with echocardiographic evidence of left ventricular hypertrophy. Computerised tomographic scan revealed foci of calcification in the kidneys, spleen and pancreas. On biopsy calcification was found in the internal and external elastic laminae of the superficial temporal artery and in the internal elastic lamina of a renal arcuate artery. Intimal fibrosis was mild and focal. No other arterial calcification was demonstrated radiographically or by ultrasound. Biochemical and hormonal profiles revealed no abnormality except hypercalciuria. The aetiology and prognosis of this child's condition are unknown. Although similar ultrasound and histological appearances have been described in pseudoxanthoma elasticum and in idiopathic arterial calcification of infancy, there is no evidence that the child has either of these conditions.
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PMID:Hypertension associated with diffuse small artery calcification: a case report. 148 46

A 57-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of dyspnea due to congestive heart failure caused by hypertensive heart disease in September, 1992. Twenty years ago, he was diagnosed to be hypertensive, and in 1980, he was diagnosed to at our hospital to have primary aldosteronism (PA) due to a right aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma (APA). There were no hypertensive vascular complications at that time. He refused surgical removal, and anti-hypertensive drugs including spironolactone were administered. However, his drug compliance was very inaccurate. On this recent admission, left ventricular hypertrophy associated with impaired contractivity, hypertensive retinal change and mild protein uria were noted, but no hematuria was detected. His renal function was impaired (Ccr: 15.2ml/min). An abdominal CT scan showed a typical right APA, bilateral renal atrophy and fine granular calcification at renal medulla, even though he had no hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. In addition, multiple cerebral infarction was demonstrated by a brain CT scan, along with coronary artery stenoses at the right coronary artery and left circumflex branch by coronary angiography and bilateral multiple renal artery stenoses by renal angiography. Right adrenalectomy and renal biopsy were performed. Histological examinations revealed a yellow tan-colored APA, many sclerotic glomerulus, and severely hyarinized renal arterioles. After adrenalectomy, blood pressure was not normalized but was controlled easily by hypotensive agents. Impaired renal function was not improved and deteriorated slightly but did not get worse there after. Since 1959, including ours, 22 cases of APAs complicated with chronic renal failure were reported in Japan. In conclusion, surgical removal should be recommended for APA, even if the patient's condition is complicated with chronic renal failure.
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PMID:[A case report of aldosterone-producing adrenocortical adenoma complicated with chronic renal failure associated with nephrocalcinosis: review of APAs complicated with chronic renal failure]. 775 Jun 23

Treatment for X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH; vitamin D metabolites and phosphate salts) may result in hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, and hyperparathyroidism. Cardiovascular abnormalities occur in association with these complications, but have not been reported in XLH. We hypothesized that such abnormalities may occur in XLH and evaluated cardiovascular status in 13 patients with this disease. All patients were asymptomatic and had normal cardiovascular physical examinations and Holter studies. Serum calcium and creatinine clearance were normal in all. However, all patients had mild to moderate nephrocalcinosis. Left ventricular hypertrophy was diagnosed by electrocardiogram in three and by ultrasonography in seven children. Baseline blood pressure (BP) was normal (mean +/- SD, 116 +/- 15/74 +/- 6 mm Hg). During exercise stress testing, systolic BP increased in all patients, but the maximal systolic pressure was less than that in healthy age- and sex-matched controls (156 +/- 20 vs. 175 +/- 23; P = 0.002, by t test). An abnormal increase in diastolic BP occurred at all levels of work load in XLH patients; their peak exercise diastolic BP was 91 +/- 12 vs. 72 +/- 6 mm Hg in controls (P < 0.0001, by t test). Whether these abnormal findings are primary defects in XLH or represent complications of treatment is unclear. Patients with XLH should be monitored closely for the development of hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy. Investigation of the mechanisms involved and establishment of therapeutic guidelines are indicated.
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PMID:Cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with X-linked hypophosphatemia. 925 16

Over 70 years ago, potassium was found to have a natriuretic effect and was used in patients with heart failure. However, it took many years for its role in the control of blood pressure to be recognized. Recently, epidemiological and clinical studies in man and experimental studies in animals have shown that increasing potassium intake towers blood pressure and that communities with a high potassium intake tend to have lower population blood pressures. Several studies have shown an interaction between salt intake and potassium intake. However, the recent DASH-Sodium (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) study demonstrates an additive effect of a low salt and high potassium diet on blood pressure. Increasing potassium intake may have other beneficial effects, for example, reducing the risk of stroke and preventing the development of renal disease independent of its effect on blood pressure. A high potassium intake reduces calcium excretion and could play an important role in the management of hypercalciuria and kidney stone formation, as well as bone demineralization. Potassium intake may also play an important role in carbohydrate intolerance. A reduced serum potassium increases the risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias in those at risk, i.e. patients with ischemic heart disease, heart failure or left ventricular hypertrophy, and increasing potassium intake may prevent this. In this article, we address the evidence for the important role of potassium intake in regulating blood pressure and other beneficial effects of potassium which may be independent of and additional to its effect on blood pressure.
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PMID:Potassium: more beneficial effects. 1501 47

Until recently, humans consumed a diet high in potassium. However, with the increasing consumption of processed food, which has potassium removed, combined with a reduction in the consumption of fruits and vegetables, there has been a large decrease in potassium intake which now, in most developed countries, averages around 70 mmol day-1, i.e. only one third of our evolutionary intake. Much evidence shows that increasing potassium intake has beneficial effects on human health. Epidemiological and clinical studies show that a high-potassium diet lowers blood pressure in individuals with both raised blood pressure and average population blood pressure. Prospective cohort studies and outcome trials show that increasing potassium intake reduces cardiovascular disease mortality. This is mainly attributable to the blood pressure-lowering effect and may also be partially because of the direct effects of potassium on the cardiovascular system. A high-potassium diet may also prevent or at least slow the progression of renal disease. An increased potassium intake lowers urinary calcium excretion and plays an important role in the management of hypercalciuria and kidney stones and is likely to decrease the risk of osteoporosis. Low serum potassium is strongly related to glucose intolerance, and increasing potassium intake may prevent the development of diabetes that occurs with prolonged treatment with thiazide diuretics. Reduced serum potassium increases the risk of lethal ventricular arrhythmias in patients with ischaemic heart disease, heart failure and left ventricular hypertrophy, and increasing potassium intake may prevent this. The best way to increase potassium intake is to increase the consumption of fruits and vegetables.
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PMID:Beneficial effects of potassium on human health. 1872 13