Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Cases of hypomagnesaemia of hereditary renal origin represent at least three different congenital disorders of tubular reabsorption of magnesium (Mg). Isolated familial hypomagnesaemia has been reported in a heterogeneous group of patients and an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance has often been found to be present. Familial hypokalaemia-hypomagnesaemia, inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, has been reported in 17 patients and we now describe 3 additional cases. Hypomagnesaemia is accompanied by hypokalaemia, metabolic alkalosis, hypocalciuria and moderate sodium chloride wasting. Titration of renal Mg reabsorption indicates the presence of a low threshold but a normal Tm. The inherited defect is probably situated at the level of the distal convoluted tubule and mimics the therapeutic effect of thiazides. This condition is frequently confused with Bartter's syndrome. Familial hypomagnesaemia-hypercalciuria, also inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, has been reported in at least 15 patients and we now add 3 new cases. Hypomagnesaemia is always accompanied by hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis. Ocular abnormalities such as myopia and horizontal nystagmus are often present. Hypermagnesiuria is of a greater degree than that observed in the previous entity and reflects a low Tm of Mg reabsorption. The defect must be situated at the level of the ascending limb of the loop of Henle and affects the transport of both calcium and Mg but not of sodium and chloride. This condition has not been clearly separated from hereditary distal renal tubular acidosis in the literature.
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PMID:Hypomagnesaemia of hereditary renal origin. 315 19

Familial hypomagnesemia-hypercalciuria with nephrocalcinosis and renal insufficiency in childhood is a rarely described disease. Two siblings of consanguineous Tunesian parents (first cousins), a 2-year-old boy and a 4-year-old girl presented with renal insufficiency and severe bilateral nephrocalcinosis. Both were found to have decreased serum and intracellular magnesium concentrations, increased urinary excretion of magnesium and calcium, mild glomerular and severe tubular proteinuria and low citrate excretion in urine. Pathological biochemical findings and the severity of nephrocalcinosis of the boy compared to findings of the sister were strongly marked, Histology of the boy's kidney showed severe medullary nephrocalcinosis, tubular atrophy, focal lymphoplasmacellulary infiltration, focal cortical fibrosis, immature glomerula, segmental and global glomerulosclerosis. Subsequent mutation analysis revealed a homozygous frameshift mutation in the gene paracellin-1 in both affected individuals. Therapy consisted of sodium bicarbonate, cholecalciferol, calcitriol, hydrochlorothiazide, citrate salts and oral magnesium administration. Hypercalciuria decreased in both children by therapy with thiazide diuretics, but hypomagnesemia was unresponsive to magnesium administration. After a 32-month follow-up the boy commenced hemodialysis at the age of 5 years, whereas his sister showed no decline in renal function.
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PMID:Familial hypomagnesemia-hypercalciuria in 2 siblings. 1152 93