Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Ureteral calculi were found in 5 children who were receiving or had recently completed remission induction therapy for acute leukemia or lymphoma. All 5 patients had abdominal or back pain and 3 had gross hematuria. The diagnosis of urolithiasis was suggested by excretory urograms that showed obstructive uropathy (4 patients) and by computerized tomography scans that demonstrated ureterovesical obstruction (1 patient with acute renal failure and anuria). With a single exception the calculi were not associated with urinary tract infections. Chemical analyses in the 2 patients tested indicated that the stones were composed of calcium, in contrast to the uric acid and xanthine compositions of stones in earlier studies of patients with leukemia or lymphoma. Factors that might have predisposed our patients to calculi formation include corticosteroid therapy, immobilization owing to bed rest and urinary alkalization. Other possible contributing factors were urinary stasis (2 patients) and a familial tendency for renal calculi to develop. There was no evidence of idiopathic hypercalciuria in either patient tested. Prompt detection of urolithiasis in children undergoing induction chemotherapy for a malignant disease may avoid potentially serious consequences from urinary tract obstruction.
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PMID:Urolithiasis in childhood acute leukemia and nonHodgkin's lymphoma. 346 63

The analysed material includes 100 children with urolithiasis treated in the Pediatric Clinic of the National Research Institute of Mother and Child in Warsaw between 1976 and 1978. Patients' age was from 3 months to 18 years. The analysed group included 51 boys and 49 girls. Urinary tract infection was found in 54 cases, i.e. 57,4% of the analysed material. The most common bacterial strains were those producing urease. They were detected in 48 children i.e. 88,9% of cases with urinary tract infection. Mostly these were bacteria of Proteus group--sporadically Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus albus. In the analysed patients urinary tract obstruction was observed in 36 children, i.e. 36% of cases. In 77% of the analysed material, localization of concrements was in upper urinary tract in 19% in the ureters and in 4% in the lover urinary tract. While in adult patients the most common compound of urinary stones was calcium oxalate, in children the most common stone compounds were phosphates (found in 38 cases i.e. 58,4% of the analysed material). The second frequent compound was oxalate found in 20 cases (30,7%). Less frequent compounds were uric acid and cystine. Performed study allowed to establish the cause of urolithiasis in 93 out of 100 examined children. Metabolic reasons of urolithiasis were found in 26 cases, i.e. 26% of the analysed material. They were as follows: idiopathic hypercalciuria--12 cases, uric acid urolithiasis--8 cases, primary hyperoxaluria--3 cases, cystinuria--2 cases, and incomplete acidosis of distal renal tubuli--1 case. Urolithiasis of probably metabolic origin was detected in 13 children (13%). Other reasons of urolithiasis in children were: infection (31%), idiopathic urolithiasis (17%) and others (6%). In 7 cases the reason of urolithiasis was not established.
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PMID:[Metabolic etiology of urinary calculi in children]. 717 91