Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In 18 cases of sarcoidosis, 11 presented with hypercalciuria. Absorptive hypercalciuria was usually involved, but 2 patients had probably a calcium renal leak. Therapy with sodium cellulose phosphate was usually effective in lowering the amount of urine calcium, but thiazides had to be used concomitantly in three cases.
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PMID:Hypercalciuria in sarcoidosis. 61 Jan

Sarcoidosis of bone has been observed in 29 patients for up to 43 years. It was present in the hands and/or feet in 26 patients, in the nasal bone in three and once each in the hard palate and temporal bones. There were three types of bone lesion: (a) lytic in 25 patients; rounded cortical or medullary lesions ranging in size from 1 mm to 1 cm in diameter, which on healing left a residual punched-out 'cyst'; (b) permeative in nine patients; these showed progressive cortical 'tunnelling' with remodelling of trabecular and cortical architecture; (c) destructive in three patients: rapidly progressive with pathological fractures and secondary joint surface involvement. Soft tissue swelling preceded the radiological abnormality for up to four yearts in 10 patients, accompanied it twice, followed it once and was absent on 16 (55 percent) occasions. Bone involvement was usually an incidental finding when sarcoidosis presented elsewhere. Other features included intrathoracic sarcoid (86 per cent), lupus pernio (48 per cent), skin plaques (41 per cent), ocular inflammation (48 per cent), nasal mucosal disease (24 per cent), lymphadenopathy (24 per cent), hepatomegaly (13 per cent), splenomegaly (10 per cent), and parotid enlargement (10 per cent). Pulmonary infiltration with or without lymphadenopathy was observed in three fifths and hilar adenopathy alone in one third of patients. Abnormalities in chest radiographs of patients with bone sarcoid resolved in only 20 per cent. Hypercalciuria was noted in one and hypercalcaemia in the other two patients with bone distruction.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis of bone. 86 75

Combined calcium balance and 47Ca turnover studies in sarcoidosis (4 patients) and vitamin D intoxication (1 patient) disclosed three different patterns of calcium metabolism. On patient with sarcoidosis had a normal metabolism of calcium, and two patients presented the usual pattern of intestinal hyperabsorption, hypercalcemia, and hypercalciuria. The fourth patient with sarcoidosis and the patient with vitamin D intoxication, both studied during spontaneous remissions, presented the third pattern. The main features here were hypercalcemia despite normal intestinal absorption of calcium, enlarged exchangeable calcium pool, accelerated accretion and resorption rates, hypercalciuria, and a distinctly negative calcium balance. This pattern of remission seems to represent a mobilization of extraosseous or metastatic calcifications, rather than a resorption of bone calcium.
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PMID:Observations on the different calcium metabolic patterns in sarcoidosis. A metabolic and kinetic study. 98 4

Three patients with nonpulmonary sarcoidosis had chronic erythema nodosum within the first 2 years of life. Each subsequently had renal sarcoidosis and nephrocalcinosis; hypercalcemia was documented in each patient and hypercalciuria in two patients. Treatment with prednisone was not uniformly successful in normalizing creatinine clearance. Nephrocalcinosis may be more common than previously reported in patients with sarcoidosis.
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PMID:Sarcoidosis associated with nephrocalcinosis in young children. 144 62

Overproduction of the active metabolite of vitamin D 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D) has been described in sarcoidosis and other granulomatous diseases. High circulating concentrations of 1,25(OH)2D lead to increased intestinal absorption of calcium, possibly to enhanced bone resorption, and may result in hypercalcaemia and/or hypercalciuria. Data obtained in vivo and in vitro demonstrated that the unregulated production of 1,25(OH)2D lies within the granulomatous tissue and is controlled by glucocorticoids. This abnormal production of 1,25(OH)2D seems to be a general phenomenon of granulomatous processes, which is not exceptional in sarcoidosis, but appears seldom in tuberculosis. These abnormalities, however, are not pathognomonic of granulomatous processes, since they have been described in other diseases such as lymphomas.
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PMID:Calcium and vitamin D metabolism in granulomatous diseases. 158 15

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disorder of unknown etiology. Markers of activity include elevated serum ACE levels, interleukin 2-receptors, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, intrathoracic uptake of radioactive gallium, retinal vascular leakage, and an increased T4/T8 ratio in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. The three main pathological features of sarcoidosis are alveolitis, granuloma formation and fibrosis. The cells harvested by bronchoalveolar lavage in sarcoidosis are representative of the local inflammatory reaction seen in the lung. Alveolar macrophages have the potential to synthesize the components of the functional alternative and terminal pathways of complement. The alveolar macrophages from sarcoidosis patients produce more complement than their healthy counterparts. Complement participates in the normal metabolism of immune complexes and has the ability to modulate immune responses via complement receptors present on virtually all cell types. On the other hand, through enhanced levels of complement factors, an increased number of activated macrophages in the lung may contribute to a changed immune response, which may be of significance for the granulomatous inflammation seen in sarcoidosis and may also contribute to the tissue damage seen in sarcoid fibrosis.
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PMID:[Pathogenetic aspects of sarcoidosis. Importance of local complement synthesis in alveolar macrophages]. 161 6

The Kveim-Siltzbach (KS) skin test has been in use worldwide for fifty years. It is a safe, simple and specific out-patient technique to confirm the diagnosis of sarcoidosis and to provide evidence of activity of the disease. It is most helpful in delineating sarcoidosis as a cause of erythema nodosum, uveitis, liver granulomas, hypercalciuria and meningitis. It is the patient's preference when he is confronted with the choice between a skin test or alternatively bronchoscopy, lung biopsy or aspiration liver biopsy. It also creates considerable academic interest for it reflects granuloma formation vividly when viewed by modern immunopathology techniques. Its disadvantage is that it takes a month to provide a result; a critical month in which systemic steroids are avoided for this would suppress the test. The immunopathology of the KS test is similar to spontaneous sarcoid granuloma formation, and evolution of the KS granuloma may provide clues to the cause of sarcoidosis and other granulomatous disorders.
Sarcoidosis 1991 Mar
PMID:Kveim-Siltzbach test revisited. 166 43

In sarcoidosis the excess of calcitriol of extrarenal origin induces changes in calcium metabolism (CM), specifically hypercalciuria and less often hypercalcemia. We report the results of the study of CM in 44 sarcoidosis patients (mean age 43.7 +/- 11 years, M +/- SD, 21 males). 25% were on steroid therapy at the time of the tests. 34% of the patients had hypercalciuria, this figure rose to 39% if only untreated patients were considered. Hypercalcemia was found in only 2.2%. Chronic forms and extrathoracic involvement (mostly skin) were more frequent in the hypercalciuric patients than in the normocalciuric.
Sarcoidosis 1991 Sep
PMID:Abnormalities in calcium metabolism in sarcoidosis. 166 92

Sarcoidosis is a disease which presents important clinical differences according to its geographical distribution. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, radiologic, and diagnostic characteristics in a series of 30 sarcoidosis patients in the province of Salamanca (representing the Castilla-Leon region). The most relevant results are the following: a) in our region, sarcoidosis predominates in females and furthermore, the presenting age in females is greater than in males; b) there is a clear predominance of the disease in the rural area; c) the prevalence of smoking habit in these patients is low (10%); d) the clinical manifestations are similar to other Spanish series with the exception, however of a high incidence of hypercalciuria; e) there is no correlation between the increase in sedimentation rate and the degree of sarcoidosis activity; f) there is a predominance of the radiologic type 11 of the disease and there is a high number of atypic radiologic patterns. The results obtained are with regard to the pathogeny are discussed as well as the differences and similarities of this series with other preceding from other regions.
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PMID:[Sarcoidosis. Retrospective study of 30 cases in Salamanca and comparison with other national series]. 174

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disorder of unknown etiology that frequently involves the lymph nodes, lungs, eyes, and skin. The disease can involve any organ system, and noncaseating granulomas are characteristically present. Synthesis of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D, the most biologically active form of vitamin D, occurs in granulomatous tissue and may give rise to increases in its concentration in the peripheral circulation and to hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria. Infiltration of endocrine organs also occurs. Involvement of the hypothalamus and pituitary can cause primary polydipsia and disordered regulation of thirst; diabetes insipidus, impaired secretion of anterior pituitary hormones (with clinically apparent hypothyroidism, hypogonadism, hypoadrenalism, or impaired growth), and increases in serum prolactin may also result. Galactorrhea, however, seldom occurs. Involvement of the thyroid and adrenal glands rarely leads to hypofunction. Involvement of the pancreas rarely occurs but does not produce diabetes mellitus. Involvement of the male reproductive system results in epididymitis and hypogonadism, and involvement of the uterus causes abnormalities in menstrual function.
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PMID:Endocrine complications of sarcoidosis. 193 22


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