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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Fifteen patients, 13 women and 2 men (mean age 60 years) with osteoporosis of different types have been under treatment with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. The responses were observed clinically and by the use of roentgen morphometry, photon absorptiometry and by blood and urine chemical analyses. The treatment had beneficial clinical effect in all but 3 patients. The intestinal calcium absorption rate increased significantly. Slight hypercalcemia and a significant hypercalciuria occurred during treatment. Serum and urine phosphate levels, alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone values were within normal ranges. The bone mineral content increased significantly during treatment. 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium was well tolerated by the patients. Three patients had coincidental acute attacks of spinal pain and 2 had further vertebral crush fractures. A period of time longer than one year is necessary to further evaluate the effects of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 therapy on the clinical course of severe osteoporosis.
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PMID:Interim report on treatment of osteoporotic patients with 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and calcium. 70 36

The effect of thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide 100 mg per day orally in two divided doses for up to 3 years) on uric acid metabolism was examined in 21 patients with renal stones suffering from renal hypercalciuria or absorptive hypercalciuria. Serum concentration of uric acid increased during thiazide therapy in every patient. In 12 of 21 patients, there was a transient or persistent rise in urinary uric acid of more than 50 mg per day during treatment. The mean urinary uric acid produced by thiazide was positively correlated with the change in the renal clearance of uric acid. Thus, an increase in urinary uric acid was often associated with a rise in uric acid clearance. The results suggest that thiazide may either increase the production of uric acid or decrease the extrarenal disposal of uric acid, in some patients.
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PMID:Enhancement of renal excretion of uric acid during long-term thiazide therapy. 71 11

In order to study further the adaptation of inorganic phsophate (Pi) reabsorption during phosphorus depletion, Pi transport was measured at three perfusate Pi concentrations in isolated perfused rat kidney preparations, utilizing synthetic albumin-containing cell-free perfusate. With elevation of the perfusate Pi, phosphaturia was significantly less, and absolute Pi reabsorption was significantly greater in kidneys derived from phosphorus-deprived rats than in organs from nondeprived counterparts. Prior parathyroidectomy did not affect the transport of Pi by the isolated kidney preparation. Increasing the perfusate Pi did not diminish hypercalciuria in kidneys from phosphorus-deprived rats. The results indicate that the adaptive response in Pi reabsorption during phosphorus deprivation can be demonstrated independently of the composition of fluid perfusing the kidney. The mechanism underlying the adaptation, however, remains unclarified.
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PMID:Renal response to phosphorus deprivation in the isolated rat kidney. 71 74

Calcium metabolic balance determinations, which have been done in various clinical and experimental conditions, were applied to the study of 8 spinal cord injured patients receiving a diet with 1600 mg calcium and 85 to 120 gm protein daily. All of the patients had hypercalciuria prior to ambulation. Those with spinal cord injuries of less than 3 months duration (early group) had a calcium balance of -27 mg before ambulation and 235 mg after ambulation. Patients with spinal cord injuries of 6 months or more duration (late group) had calcium balances of 55 mg before ambulation and 175 mg after ambulation. Ambulation significantly decreased the hypercalciuria and modified the calcium balance in a positive direction. Smaller changes were noted in the responses of the late group than in those of the early group. Early ambulation will probably prevent bone loss, calcium stones in the genitourinary tract, and other sequellae of negative calcium balance.
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PMID:Calcium balance in paraplegic patients: influence of injury duration and ambulation. 71 7

Absorptive hypercalciuria was treated in 27 patients with cellulose phosphate. In all patients urinary calcium decreased and stone formation virtually ceased. The most striking side effect was an excessive hyperoxaluria, necessitating withdrawal of the drug in 8 patients. Succinate decreased the hyperoxaluria in 14 of 19 patients. All patients had mild hypercalciuria and hypermagnesiuria. This study was done to determine the therapeutic value and the side effects in the treatment of absorptive hypercalciuria with sodium cellulose phosphate and of hyperoxaluria with succinate.
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PMID:Calcium oxalate stone disease: effects and side effects of cellulose phosphate and succinate in long-term treatment of absorptive hypercalciuria or hyperoxaluria. 73 12

13 patients presenting with immobilization stones are reported. Young males with an infection of the urinary tract are most commonly affected. In the case of phosphate stones, the infection of the urinary tract with an alkaline shift of the pH and an idiopathic hyperuricosuria play a decisive part together with temporary hyperphosphaturia and hypercalciuria. The importance of urea splitting bacteria in the urine for stone formation is stressed. Applied in time increase of fluid intake, specific antibiotics and allopurinol can lead to litholysis. If the urine of immobilized patients were monitored closely from the beginning of the hospitalisation for the above factors, and treated appropriately, urine calculi should be largely prevented.
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PMID:Renal calculus dissolution in immobilized patients. 73 1

The calcium tolerance test is of diagnostic importance only in osteomalacia, which it helps to identify before bone biopsy when the static phosphocalcic parameters are not a deciding factor. However, the test does not make it possible to distinguish an osteoporosis from a cortisone osteopathy or an idiopathic hypercalciuria. In the first two diseases, the rates of urinary calcium elimination are comparable to that of normal individuals. It seems that the rate of urinary elimination of I.V. administered calcium is, approximately, all the more elevated as the level of iPTH is low; and, when the level of iPTH is low, the osteoid tissue seems less calcified than normally.
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PMID:[The provoked hypercalciuria test. Significance and limitations]. 74 25

Epidemiological studies indicate that renal stone disease is a rapidly increasing problem, already affecting around 10% of the entire adult male population. It has been suggested that environmental factors are responsible for this development, among them particularly disorders of carbohydrate metabolism. In the present study, therefore, 156 patients with active renal stone formation were investigated with respect to glucose tolerance and glucose-stimulated insulin response. Similar to other reports it was found that hypercalciuric subjects had evidence of an impaired glucose metabolism. However, this was mainly attributed to a tendency towards overweight in this group of patients and there were no firm indications of a true disorder of carbohydrate metabolism connected with hypercalciuria or the process of stone formation.
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PMID:Glucose metabolism in renal stone formers. 74 6

The frequency of hypercalciuria was determined in the families of nine hypercalciuric patients with idiopathic hypercaliuria who formed recurrent calcium oxalate renal stones. Idiopathic hypercalciuria occurred in 26 of 73 relatives, in three consecutive generations of two families and in two successive generations of four other families. Multiple siblings or children of the probands were affected in three families. Nineteen of 44 first-degree relatives (43 per cent) had idiopathic hypercalciuria, as compared to seven of 29 (29 per cent) other relatives; there was no relation to age or sex. Renal stones were formed by 19 of the 44 first-degree relatives but by none of the others; nine of the 19 were women. We conclude that there is a familial form of hypercalciuria, which appears to be transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. Stone disease is frequent in first-degree relatives, and affects both sexes equally.
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PMID:Familial idiopathic hypercalciuria. 75 93

In a double-blind controlled clinical study, 71 patients with recurrent calcium oxalate stones were divided into three treatment groups: those who received potassium acid phosphate, those who received an inert placebo, and those who received a low calcium diet only. Follow-up periods averaged 2.9 years. Although the mean urinary calcium level of the patients who received phosphate was reduced 33 per cent, their renal stone disease did not diminish. Mean urinary phosphorus increased 88 per cent with phosphate treatment but did not correlate with the decrease in urinary calcium, or with treatment success. The data did not suggest that phosphorus and its metabolites retard calcium oxalate crystallization in urine. No evidence appeared for an association of hypercalciuria with severe stone disease, or with a specific clinical or chemical response to phosphate therapy. Patients whose urinary calcium level fell more than 25 percent when dietary calcium was reduced may have excessive gastrointestinal calcium absorption, which appears to be associated with improved chemical response to phosphate therapy.
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PMID:Recurrent nephrolithiasis: natural history and effect of phosphate therapy. A double-blind controlled study. 78 40


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