Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020438 (hypercalciuria)
 2,502 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In a prospective study, 321 consecutive male patients, aged between 16 and 86 years, referred to the Department of Medicine of the Medical Centre at Leverkusen from many parts of Germany over a three-year period with the diagnosis of osteoporosis, underwent a standardized programme of clinical investigation: 254 (79%) were found to have the condition. The programme consisted of a detailed history, physical examination, a battery of laboratory tests, X-ray examination of the skeleton and osteodensitometry. Where, as a result, underlying disease or risk factors were suspected, further tests were performed. 98 patients (39%) were found by densitometric criteria to have preclinical, 156 (61%) manifest osteoporosis with one or more vertebral body fractures. There was no significant difference regarding bone density between the preclinical and manifest cases. 76 of the 254 (30%) patients had no detectable pathogenetic factors, i. e. their osteoporosis was classified as idiopathic (mean age 51 years), while as senile osteoporosis in 16 elderly patients (mean age 78 years). The remaining 162 patients had 286 risk factors within 24 different categories. Depending on duration, intensity and combination of these risk factors, the osteoporosis was classified as primary with few risk factors or as secondary osteoporosis of single or multiple aetiology (mean age of these three groups was 51, 56 and 52 years, respectively). The most important demonstrable risk factors were (in decreasing order of frequency) glucocorticoid treatment, alcohol consumption, smoking, hypogonadism, hypercalciuria, liver disease, Crohn's disease, low calcium nutrition, hyperthyroidism, physical inactivity, stomach operation and plasmacytoma.--This study indicates that if there is evidence of significant risk factors detailed bone densitometry should be performed so that any necessary treatment can be initiated early. If there is known osteoporosis, staging and exact analysis of risk factors is a precondition for any cause-oriented treatment.
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PMID:[Osteoporosis in men. Pathogenesis and clinical classification of 254 cases]. 802 7

Hypercalcemia may occur in various granulomatous diseases. Two patients with Crohn's disease who had hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, and excessively high serum levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] are described. Both had numerous noncaseating, epithelioid granulomas in bowel biopsy samples. A direct correlation was observed between serum 1,25(OH)2D levels and both serum and urinary calcium concentrations. Also, calcium and 1,25(OH)2D levels strongly paralleled the clinical activity of disease. Prompt therapy with prednisone in the patient who had symptomatic hypercalcemia and with prednisone and mesalamine in the other patient without hypercalcemic symptoms led to normalization of calcium and serum 1,25(OH)2D levels, but 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels remained unchanged. Four months after discharge, recurrence of Crohn's disease symptomatology together with an increase in calcium and serum 1,25(OH)2D levels was observed in 1 patient; after increasing the prednisone dose, levels decreased and rapid clinical resolution was noted. These cases appear to be the first reported instances of hypercalcemia in patients with Crohn's disease. Excessive synthesis of 1,25(OH)2D may have been inhibited by an action of corticosteroids on the 1alpha-hydroxylation of 25(OH)D in the activated macrophage of Crohn's granulomas. Crohn's disease should be added to the list of granulomatous diseases responsible for 1,25(OH)2D-mediated hypercalcemia.
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PMID:Hypercalcemia due to endogenous overproduction of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in Crohn's disease. 955 97

Vitamin D is the critical hormone for intestinal absorption of calcium. Optimal calcium absorption is important for proper mineralization of bone in the prevention of osteoporosis and osteoporotic fractures, among other important functions. Diseases associated with gut inflammation, such as Crohn's disease (CD), may impair calcium absorption. This pilot study evaluated vitamin D- dependent calcium absorption in subjects with CD. Male subjects with CD (n=4) and healthy age-matched controls (n=5) were studied. All subjects had fractional calcium absorption (FCA; by the dual calcium isotope method), serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium excretion measurements at baseline. The FCA in response to vitamin D therapy was re-assessed following administration of oral calcitriol 0.25 mcg twice daily for 1 wk, followed by oral calcitriol 0.50 mcg twice daily for 1 wk. Serum calcium and 24 h urinary calcium determinations were re-assessed after each increasing dose of calcitriol as safety measures. There was no significant difference in calcium FCA at baseline or after increasing doses of calcitriol between the CD and controls. FCA in the control and CD group was approximately 35% at baseline, which increased to 60% after calcitriol therapy. No subject developed hypercalcemia or hypercalciuria. Our results suggest that CD patients have a normal response to vitamin D in enhancing the efficacy of calcium absorption. This suggests that stable CD patients can follow calcium and vitamin D guidelines of non-CD adults. Other factors independent of vitamin D status may impair intestinal calcium absorption in CD, including the degree and location of inflammation, presence of surgical resection and/or use of glucocorticoids.
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PMID:Vitamin D-mediated calcium absorption in patients with clinically stable Crohn's disease: a pilot study. 2030 76