Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: UMLS:C0020437 (hypercalcemia)
 10,293 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Intraperitoneal injections of 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) produced hypercalcemia in the marine teleost the Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) with increased plasma concentrations of ionized calcium (CaI) while the total plasma calcium concentrations (CaT) were unaffected. A single injection of 10 micrograms kg bw-1 of 1,25(OH)2D3 increased CaI concentrations from 1.74 +/- 0.03 mM to 1.8 +/- 0.01 mM after 24 hr in Experiment 1 and from 1.67 +/- 0.03 mM to 1.82 +/- 0.06 mM after 72 hr in Experiment 2. This hypercalcemic effect was sustained by daily injections for 5 but not 7 days. Daily injections of a lower dose of 1,25(OH)2D3, 1 microgram kg bw-1, caused hypercalcemia after 5 days (CaI increased from 1.68 +/- 0.01 mM to 1.76 +/- 0.02 mM). Plasma calcium concentrations were not affected by any of the other seco-steroids (vitamin D3, (25(OH)), vitamin D3 (25(OH)D3), or 24,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 (24,25(OH)2D3), except for a decrease in CaT concentrations after 7 daily in injections of 25(OH)D3 (2 micrograms kg bw-1). Plasma phosphate concentrations were not changed by any of the seco-steroids. It is concluded that 1,25(OH)2D3 is hypercalcemic in the marine Atlantic cod.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1993 Sep
PMID:1,25(OH)2 vitamin D3 increases ionized plasma calcium concentrations in the immature Atlantic cod Gadus morhua. 822 78

Using antibodies to the amino-terminal region of human parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) we have demonstrated PTHrP immunoreactivity in pituitaries and plasma of the sea bream (Sparus aurata). Pituitary cells at two distinct locations contained immunodetectable PTHrP; an anterior group in the rostral pars distalis which also contained immunoreactive thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), and a posterior group lying at the border of the pars intermedia and proximal pars distalis between cells which stained with antibody to human corticotrophin-like intermediate lobe peptide. By Western blot analysis pituitary extracts contained two immunoreactive isoforms of PTHrP, one of 29 kDa and the other of 26 kDa. Media of pituitaries incubated for up to 14 days in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate also had several isoforms of immunodetectable PTHrP, two of them corresponding to the 29- and 26-kDa molecular forms but there were in addition both larger and smaller molecules. The concentration of PTHrP in sea bream plasma was comparable with levels observed in human subjects with humoral hypercalcaemia of malignancy. There was no reaction between pituitary cells or pituitary extracts and antibody to human parathyroid hormone. Thus sea bream pituitary contains immunoreactive PTHrP, which appears to be released into medium during in vitro incubation and which may be a significant source of plasma immunoreactive PTHrP in vivo.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1993 Nov
PMID:Parathyroid hormone-related protein is a factor in normal fish pituitary. 828 70

Vitamin D3 (650 pmol and 6.50 nmol/100 g body wt), 25-hydroxyvitamin D (650 pmol and 6.50 nmol/100 g body wt), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (65 pmol and 650 pmol/100 g body wt) were administered daily to the freshwater snake Natrix piscator for 15 days. Both serum calcium and inorganic phosphate levels were increased significantly in all of the treated groups. This is the first report of hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia in reptiles induced by 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1995 Oct
PMID:Effect of various vitamin D metabolites on serum calcium and inorganic phosphate in the freshwater snake Natrix piscator. 857 58

Small cell carcinomas of the ovary, hypercalcemic type, are unilateral tumors occurring almost exclusively in young women. 60% of the cases are associated with hypercalcemia. Microscopic examination shows diffuse clusters of small cells and follicle-like spaces. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells are positive for epithelial and mesenchymal markers, and ultrastructurally they contain an abundance of dilated rough endoplasmatic reticulum and numerous free ribosomes. By DNA-single cell photometry, the neoplastic cells show a diploid DNA-content.
Gen Diagn Pathol 1997 Jun
PMID:Small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type. A case report with immunohistochemical, ultrastructural and cytophotometric analysis and review of the literature. 922 63

The vitamin D metabolite 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3; calcitriol) was injected ip (5 microg/kg-1 body mass daily) into male tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, fed calcium-deficient food. Plasma calcium (total and free) and stanniocalcin levels, as well as calcium contents of vertebral and opercular bone and scales, were determined on days 1, 3, and 5. In the treated fish, total plasma calcium levels increased on days 3 and 5. Plasma-free calcium levels remained unaffected. Plasma stanniocalcin levels increased, indicating a response of the Stannius corpuscles to redress 1, 25(OH)2D3-induced hypercalcemia. The calcium contents of bone, operculum, and scales were unchanged. It is concluded that in fish, which lack parathyroid hormone, 1,25(OH)2D3 is hypercalcemic and its action is independent of dietary calcium.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1998 Jun
PMID:Plasma calcium and stanniocalcin levels of male tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus, fed calcium-deficient food and treated with 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. 959 49

Bisphosphonates are used for the treatment of bone resorption, hypercalcemia, osteoporosis and Paget's disease. Etidronate, pamidronate and clodronate also inhibit the development of experimental atherosclerosis without altering serum lipid profile. Bisphosphonates inhibit the arterial calcification, lipid accumulation and fibrosis. They accumulate extensively in arterial walls and suppress macrophages in atheromatous lesions. In macrophage cultures, bisphosphonates inhibit the cellular accumulation and degradation of atherogenic LDL-cholesterol and foam cell formation. Further, they inhibit various enzymes involved in cell signal transduction and cholesterol biosynthesis. Recently, etidronate has been shown to inhibit the thickening of carotid arterial wall even in man.
Gen Pharmacol 2000 Dec
PMID:Bisphosphonates and atherosclerosis. 1192 58

Abnormalities in calcium (Ca(2+)) homeostasis are reported in horses with several pathological conditions; however, there is little information on Ca(2+) regulation in horses. The objectives of the present study were to determine the Ca(2+) set-point in healthy horses, to determine whether the Ca(2+)/parathyroid hormone (PTH) response curves were characterized by hysteresis, and to determine if the order of experimentally induced hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia had an effect on PTH secretion. The Ca(2+) set-point and hysteresis were determined in 12 healthy horses by infusing Na(2)EDTA and calcium gluconate. The Ca(2+) set-point was 1.37 +/- 0.05 mmol/L, which is higher than values reported for humans and dogs (1.0-1.2 mmol/L). Hysteresis was present during hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia. Horses in which hypocalcemia was followed by hypercalcemia secreted more PTH (7440 +/- 740 pmol min/L) than horses in which hypercalcemia was followed by hypocalcemia (5990 +/- 570 pmol min/L). This study has demonstrated that the Ca(2+) set-point in the horse is higher than in other domestic animals and man. We have shown that the Ca(2+)/PTH relationship in horses is sigmoidal and displays hysteresis during both hypocalcemia and hypercalcemia, and that extracellular Ca(2+) concentrations may affect the response of the parathyroid gland to hypocalcemia.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 2003 Feb 15
PMID:Hysteresis and calcium set-point for the calcium parathyroid hormone relationship in healthy horses. 1260 70

Six classes of vertebrate animals were injected with massive doses of estrogen for various periods of time necessary to produce a grossly recognizable response. Swelling of the liver, associated with hypercalcemia, hyperproteinemia, and lipemia, occurred in Teleostei, Amphibia, Reptilia, and Aves, but not in Elasmobranchii or Mammalia. Calcium that was added to the serum was bound as a calcium proteinate complex, synthesized in the liver, and liberated into the plasma. The concentration of calcium per gram was considerably higher than in other oviparous animals. Teleostei, Amphibia, and Reptilia, produced one new component, protein-X(1), having a sedimentation constant of approximately 17S, and many properties of a protein previously described in birds as X(2). Calcium-binding capacity of teleostean and amphibian serum proteins was estimated at 25 to 35 mg. per gm. of the mixed proteins of the serum; reptilian serum proteins bound 55 mg. per gm. Estrogen-treated birds clearly produced two, rather than one, new proteins, a phosphoprotein, X(1), having a rate of 8.5S, and X(2), a phospholipid-lipoglycoprotein, 17S. The calcium-binding capacity was approximately 50 mg. per gm. of the mixed proteins of the serums. Circumstantial evidence suggests that the plasma proteins of oviparity appeared simultaneously with the evolution of bone as a tissue and an ultimobranchial gland having parathyroid function.
J Gen Physiol 1961 Mar
PMID:The partition of calcium and protein in the blood of oviparous vertebrates during estrus. 1377 20

We report a case of a 62-year-old woman with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) presenting with a hypercalcemia-induced coma. A laboratory evaluation indicated nonparathyroid-mediated hypercalcemia with an initial serum calcium level of 18.6 mg/dL. Our patient's parathyroid hormone (PTH)-related peptide level was undetectable. Initial imaging was negative, but PET scan identified a mass in the upper pole of the left kidney. Our patient underwent partial nephrectomy, and the mass was identified as RCC on final pathology. After surgery, her hypercalcemia resolved and PTH returned to normal limits. This case report describes a patient with RCC with the unusual presentation of hypercalcemic coma. We review the differential diagnosis of malignant hypercalcemia and the evaluation of hypercalcemia occurring with RCC. This case illustrates the need to carefully review and interpret all available data, especially when conventional testing in the work-up of hypercalcemia is unrevealing.
J Gen Intern Med 2007 Jul
PMID:Renal cell carcinoma presenting with paraneoplastic hypercalcemic coma: a case report and review of the literature. 1744 59

Sarcoidosis is a multisystem disease of unknown etiology. Renal manifestation is rare and usually caused by hypercalcemia and nephrocalcinosis. Moreover, renal disease can occur as granulomatous interstitial nephritis (GIN), which is a histological diagnosis. We describe a case of sarcoidosis first presenting with multiple organ involvement including renal failure caused by severe GIN and subsequent remission on glucocorticoid therapy. After 18 months under low-dose prednisolone, the patient was readmitted with acute renal failure, histologically confirmed to be a relapse of renal sarcoidosis. Extrarenal manifestations of sarcoidosis were not present. Glucocorticoid dose was raised and kidney function again recovered significantly. Usual serologic markers of disease activity were not appropriate to indicate disease activity. Renal manifestation of sarcoidosis should be diagnosed by renal biopsy to guide therapy and probably requires larger glucocorticoid doses and prolonged treatment to prevent relapse.
J Gen Intern Med 2008 Jun
PMID:Isolated renal relapse of sarcoidosis under low-dose glucocorticoid therapy. 1842 10


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